Groovy, Transforming Language

JJUG CCC 2009 Fall

NTT

2009/10/08
2009 10 10

Slide# 2 JJUG CCC 2009 Fall / 2009.10.08

2009 10 10

•
• NTT
• JGGUG
• “Gr ”
• “Grails ”
• JavaWorld
• Twitter: uehaj


2009 10 10

• Groovy
• Groovy
• Groovy
• Groovy
• Groovy
• Groovy
• Groovy
•

2009 10 10


2009 10 10

• Java (Stand by me)


2009 10 10


• JavaVM


2009 10 10


• JavaVM
• Java ( )


2009 10 10


• JavaVM
• Java ( )

• Java
• annotation/enum/generics/vararg/static import/


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• JavaVM
• Java ( )

• Java

• JSP


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• JavaVM
• Java ( )

• Java

• JSP
:(Java )

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• Scala JRuby
• Scala Ruby
•
Java API
•
• Groovy
• Java
• Java
• Maven Java

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• Java API GDK
Java

•
• , / ,etc
•
• (DSL)

2009 10 10

import java.io.*; String line;
import java.net.*; while ((line = bis.readLine()) != null)
System.out.println(line);
public class SocketAccess { }
}
public static void main(String[] args) { catch (IOException e) {
Socket soc = null; e.printStackTrace();
InputStream ins = null; try {
OutputStream outs = null; if (soc != null) soc.close();
try { }
soc = new Socket("www.java-users.jp", 80); catch(IOException ex) {}
ins = soc.getInputStream(); }
outs = soc.getOutputStream(); }
outs.write("GET / HTTP/1.0nn".getBytes()); }
BufferedReader bis = new
BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins));


2009 10 10

new Socket("www.java-users.jp", 80).withStreams { ins, outs ->
  outs.write("GET / HTTP/1.0nn".bytes)
  ins.eachLine {
  println it
  }
}


2009 10 10

println new URL("http://www.java-users.jp").text


2009 10 10

println new URL("http://www.java-users.jp").text

Java Groovy

Java 7


2009 10 10

•
•
• (what)
SN
•
1
•


2009 10 10

•
•
(Algol, Common Lisp, Ada, C++…)

(Polyglot Programing)

• Groovy
Java


2009 10 10


2009 10 10

2003 2004 2005
8 3 2
▲ ▲
1.0b4 1.0b10
JSR JSR EA

2006 2007 2008 2009
7 2 4 12 2 12 8
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
1.0 JSR-6 1.0 1.1b2 1.5.0 1.5.4 1.5.7 1.6.4
Grails Grails 1.6-rc1 1.7-b1
0.3 0.5.6

2009 10 10

• 2004
?
• SyntaxError Stacktrace!
•

• Grails
• JRuby


2009 10 10


2009 10 10

•
(1.6 )
• Grape(1.6 )
• AST (1.6 )
• Power Assert(1.7 )


2009 10 10


2009 10 10

'ls'.metaClass.exec = { new File(".").eachFile{println it} }
'pwd'.metaClass.exec = { println new File(".").absolutePath }
'env'.metaClass.exec = {
System.getenv().each{k,v->println "$k=$v" }
}

System.in.eachLine {
it.intern().exec()
}


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transform


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transformation

• Groovy
(AST )
• Groovy

• AST AST

aka

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(Antlr) (Antlr) (ASM)

a=a+a 0xCAFEBABE
........

Groovy Java


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=

a=a+a a = a + 1 a + 0xCAFEBABE
........
a 1

Groovy Java
AST


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=

........
a 1

Groovy Java
AST

AST


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=

........
a 1

Groovy Java
AST

AST
AST


2009 10 10


=

........
a 1

Groovy Java
AST

AST
AST
AST


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• AST
•
AST
• AST
•


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•

• groovyc AST
• groovy

•
Groovy


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transform


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JAR
Grape(@Grab)
(Apache Ivy )

Assert
Power Assert

AST Groovy
ASTBuilder
AST


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@Grab('org.mortbay.jetty:jetty-embedded:6.1.0')
import org.mortbay.jetty.Server
import org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.*
import groovy.servlet.*

def server = new Server(8080)
def context = new Context(server, "/", Context.SESSIONS)
context.resourceBase = "."
context.addServlet(TemplateServlet, "*.gsp")
server.start()

• jetty Jar
• Maven Jar ‾/.groovy/
grapes


2009 10 10

a = 4
assert 1+Math.max(3,a)*5==3
==>
EXCEPTION:
Assertion failed:

assert 1+Math.max(3,a)*5==3
| | | | |
21 4 4 | false
25

• assert FAIL

2009 10 10

@Bindable / Swing
@Vetoable (java.beans. PropertyChangeSupport )
@Singleton
@Immutable
@Delegate
@Lazy
@Category
@Mixin mixin
@Newify Python/Ruby new( : Integer(5),
Integer.new(5))
@PackageScope package

2009 10 10

•
@Singleton
class Foo {
def hello() { println "hello" }
}
Foo.instance.hello() //
a = new Foo() // new
==>
EXCEPTION:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't instantiate
singleton Foo. Use Foo.instance

at Foo.<init>(Script1.groovy)

at Script1.run(Script1.groovy:6)

2009 10 10

•
@Immutable
final class Foo {
String x, y
}
a = new Foo(x:"a",y:"b")
a.x = "hoge" //
==>
EXCEPTION:
groovy.lang.ReadOnlyPropertyException: Cannot set
readonly property: x for class: Foo

at Foo.setProperty(Script1.groovy)

at Script1.run(Script1.groovy:6)


2009 10 10

• /Proxy
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*
class LockableMap {
  @Delegate private Map map = [:]
  @Delegate private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock ()
}
res = new LockableMap()
res.lock() // Lock
try {
  res.a = 0 // Map
} finally {
  res.unlock ()
}
assert res instanceof Map
assert res instanceof Lock

http://www.infoq.com/jp/articles/groovy-1-6
2009 10 10

•
class LazyTest {
@Lazy List s1 ={println "s1 initializing"; [1,2,3] }();
List s2 = {println "s2 initializing"; [4,5,6] }();
}
x = new LazyTest()
// s2 initializing
println x.s1 // s1
// s1 initializing
// [1, 2, 3]
println x.s2
// [4, 5, 6]
println x.s1
// [1, 2, 3]


2009 10 10

• use
@Category(String)
class TrMethod {
  String tr(from,to) {
  def result = this
  from.eachWithIndex{it,idx->
  result = result.replaceAll(it, to.getAt(idx))
  }
  result
  }
}
use (TrMethod) {
  assert 'abcdef 123'.tr('abc ','XYZ ')

== 'XYZdef 123'
}

2009 10 10

•
class Dumpable { x = new MyClass()
  void dump() { x.dump()
this.metaClass.methods.each{ ==>
println it.name } toString
  this.metaClass.properties.each { dump
println it.name } get__timeStamp__239_ne
  } 28920761
} set__timeStamp__239_ne
28920761
@Mixin(Dumpable) equals
class MyClass { getClass
  int field :
  void foo() {} bar
  int bar(String i) {} foo
} field


2009 10 10

• Python/Ruby new
class Test {
  @Newify(String) // Python
  static test() {
   def s0 = new String("hoge") // Groovy/Java
  def s1 = String("hoge")  // Python
  def s2 = String.new("hoge")  // Ruby
  }
}


2009 10 10

transform


2009 10 10

• AST
•
( AST
)
•
Groovy

2009 10 10

• AST
•
• AST

• META-INF/services/
org.codehaus.groovy.transform.AST
Transformation
• Groovy (JAR )


2009 10 10

•
ASTTransformation
•
• void visit(ASTNode[] nodes,
SourceUnit source)
• SourceUnit getSourceUnit()

• visit() AST
Visitor

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• _FILE_, _LINE_,
_CLASS_, _METHOD_

AST
• log("$_FILE_:$_LINE_:
$_CLASS_:$_METHOD_
", ..)


2009 10 10

package org.jggug.transform
import org.codehaus.groovy.transform.GroovyASTTransformationClass;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Target([ElementType.TYPE])
@GroovyASTTransformationClass("org.jggug.transform.U
seSourceInfoSymbolASTTransformation")
public @interface UseSourceInfoSymbol {
}

AST


2009 10 10

package org.jggug.transform
  void visitConstructorOrMethod(MethodNode
import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.*; node, boolean isConstructor) {
import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.expr.*;
import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.stmt.Statement;   visitingMethod = node.name
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.CompilePhase;
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.SourceUnit;   super.visitConstructorOrMethod(node,
import org.codehaus.groovy.transform.ASTTransformation;
import org.codehaus.groovy.transform.GroovyASTTransformation; isConstructor)
  }
@GroovyASTTransformation(phase = ( )
CompilePhase.CANONICALIZATION)
public class
UseSourceInfoSymbolASTTransformation extends
ClassCodeExpressionTransformer implements
ASTTransformation {
  private SourceUnit sourceUnit;
  SourceUnit getSourceUnit() {
  return sourceUnit;
  }
  String visitingMethod = null
  String visitingClass = null

  void visit(ASTNode[] nodes, SourceUnit
source) {
  sourceUnit = source;
  def parent = nodes[1]
  visitingClass = parent.name
  super.visitClass(parent)
  }

2009 10 10

Expression transform(Expression exp) {
  if (exp == null) return null;
  switch (exp.class) {
  case VariableExpression.class:
  switch (exp.name) {
  case '_FILE_': return new ConstantExpression(sourceUnit.name)
  case '_LINE_': return new ConstantExpression(exp.lineNumber)
  case '_COLUMN_': return new ConstantExpression(exp.columnNumber)
  case '_CLASS_': return new ConstantExpression(visitingClass)
  case '_METHOD_': return new ConstantExpression(visitingMethod)
  default: return exp
  }
  case MethodCallExpression.class:
  def args = transform(exp.arguments);
  def method = transform(exp.method);
  def object = transform(exp.objectExpression);
  return new MethodCallExpression(object, method, args);
  case ClosureExpression.class:
  Statement code = exp.code;
  if (code == null) return exp
  return code.visit(this)
  case ConstructorCallExpression.class:
  return exp.transformExpression(this)
  default:
  return exp.transformExpression(this)
  }
  }
}

2009 10 10

import org.jggug.transform.UseSourceInfoSymbol

@UseSourceInfoSymbol
class Test {
  def foo(hoge, fuga) {
  println _FILE_+':'+_LINE_
  println _FILE_+':'+_LINE_ ==>
  println _FILE_+':'+_LINE_ /tmp/test02.groovy:6
  println _CLASS_+':'+_METHOD_ /tmp/test02.groovy:7
  } /tmp/test02.groovy:8
} /tmp/test02.groovy:9
/tmp/test02.groovy:10
test = new Test() sample.Test:foo
test.foo(1,2)


2009 10 10

• $b
(Java 7 )
@UseBinaryLit
eral println $b01_001_0001
==> 145

@WithTimeout @WithTimeout(3) def work()
{ ....... }

@Define(symbol="that", value="delegate")
@Deﬁne @Define(symbol=" ", value="it")
@Define(symbol=" ", value="this")
Slide# 48 @Define(symbol="
JJUG CCC 2009 Fall / 2009.10.08 ", value="println")
2009 10 10

• groovyConsole AST


2009 10 10

• ASTBuilder
• buildFromSpec … AST DSL
• buildFromString …
AST
• buildFromCode … (
) AST


2009 10 10

•
•
•
•
• Scala @Scalify


2009 10 10


2009 10 10

• Groovy Java
•
• :
• DSL

•
•

2009 10 10

• http://www.jggug.org/


2009 10 10

• http://groovy.codehaus.org/Compile-time+Metaprogramming+-+AST
+Transformations
Compile-time Metaprogramming - AST Transformations
• http://groovy.codehaus.org/AST+Macros+and+Annotations
AST Macros and Annotations
• http://groovy.codehaus.org/Building+AST+Guide
Building AST in Groovy 1.6 and Prior
• http://kartik-shah.blogspot.com/2009/03/groovy-16-ast-
transformation-example_5323.html
Groovy 1.6 AST Transformation Example
• http://www.infoq.com/jp/articles/groovy-1-6
Groovy 1.6 - Groovy
• http://www.slideshare.net/paulk_asert/groovy-testing-
aug2009-1945995
Groovy Testing Sep2009
• http://dl.getdropbox.com/u/132573/groovy_scala/index.html
Groovy Scala: JVM
•


2009 10 10

Groovy, Transforming Language

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