The document discusses XML-free programming approaches for Java server and client development. It begins with a humorous history of angle brackets and XML. It then outlines three tenets of XML-free programming: 1) storing configuration with code, 2) using JSON for data transfer modeling the domain, and 3) designing programming languages for humans. Examples are provided comparing XML and non-XML approaches in Java, Groovy, Scala, and Visage. The presentation concludes by describing a sample JavaOne speakers application implemented without XML for the server, data transfer, and client.

1. XML-Free Programming : Java Server and Client Development Without <> Stephen Chin Chief Agile Methodologist, GXS steveonjava@gmail.com tweet: @steveonjava Arun Gupta Oracle Corporation arun.p.gupta@oracle.com tweet: @arungupta

2. Meet the Presenters Stephen Chin Arun Gupta Community Guy Family Man Motorcyclist Marathoner

3. Our Plan Quick (Humorous) History of Angle Brackets XML-Free Programming Configuration Lives with the Code Data Transfer Models the Domain Design Programming Languages for Humans JavaOne Speakers Application <Demo> 3

4. Exhibit A – Angle Bracket Sighting in Virginia, 1922 Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Collection – Public Domain http://www.flickr.com/photos/pingnews/434444310/ 4 > > >

5. Exhibit B - Bermuda Tri-Angle Brackets Source: NOAA National Ocean Service – CC licensed http://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4276194691/sizes/o/in/photostream/ 5 > > >

6. Exhibit C – Tim Bray, Co-Founder of XML Source: Linux.com http://www.linux.com/archive/feature/133149 6 > > > >

7. History of XML Based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Created by a W3C working group of eleven members Version History: XML 1.0 (1998) – Widely adopted with 5 subsequent revisions XML 1.1 (2004) – Limited adoption 7

8. XML Design Goals (a.k.a. problems with SGML) Usable Over the Internet Support a Wide Variety of Applications Compatible with SGML Easy to Write Programs to Process XML Documents Minimum Number of Optional Features Documents Should be Human-Legible and Reasonably Clear Design Should be Prepared Quickly Design Should be Formal and Concise Documents Should be Easy to Create Terseness in Markup is of Minimal Importance 8

9. Design Goals Per Application 9

10. Tenet 1 Configuration Lives with the Code 10

11. Letting Go of XML is Hard! 11 This is not intended as a replacement for Spring's XML format. Rod Johnson on Spring’s Annotations-based Configuration “A Java configuration option for Spring,” 11/28/06

12. Java EE 6 Annotations @Stateless @Path @WebServlet @Inject @Named @Entity 12

13. But There is Hope! 13 You can have a Groovy DSL … it is as short as can be. Dierk Koenig on Canoo Web Test “Interview with Dierk Koenig,” ThirstyHead.com 6/3/2009

14. Canoo Web Test Comparison XML Groovy Builder <project default="test"> <target name="test"> <webtest name="Google WebTest Search"> <invoke url="http://www.google.com/ncr" /> <verifyTitle text="Google" /> <setInputField name="q" value="WebTest" /> <clickButton label="I'm Feeling Lucky" /> <verifyTitle text="Canoo WebTest" /> </webtest> </target></project> class SimpleTest extends WebtestCase { void testWebtestOnGoogle() { webtest("Google WebTestSearch") { invoke "http://www.google.com/ncr" verifyTitle "Google" setInputField name: "q", value: "WebTest" clickButton "I'm Feeling Lucky" verifyTitle "CanooWebTest" } }} 14

15. Tenet 2 Data Transfer Models the Domain 15

16. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Matches Relational/Object-Oriented Structures Easy to Read and Write Simple to Parse and Generate Familiar to Programmers of the C-family of languages: C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, etc. Very Simple Specification 16

17. JSON Syntax in a Slide 17 Images courtesy: http://www.json.org/

18. JAX-RS Sample 18 @GET @Produces({"application/json", "application/xml"}) public List<Sezzion> findAll() { return super.findAll(); } @GET @Path("{from}/{to}") @Produces({"application/xml", "application/json"}) public List<Sezzion> findRange(@PathParam("from") Integer from, @PathParam("to") Integer to) { return super.findRange(new int[]{from, to}); } @Stateless @Path("sezzion") public class SezzionFacadeREST extends AbstractFacade<Sezzion> { @PersistenceContext private EntityManagerem; @POST @Consumes({"application/json", "application/xml"}) public void create(Sezzion entity) { super.create(entity); }

19. Tenet 3 Design Programming Languages for Humans 19

20. Counter Example – o:XML Created By Martin Klang in 2002 Object Oriented Language Features: Poymorphism Function Overloading Exception Handling Threads 20 Diagram from: http://www.o-xml.org/documentation/o-xml-tool-chain.html

21. String Replacement in o:XML vs. Java <?xml-stylesheethref="../xsl/default.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <program> <o:function name="ex:replace"> <o:param name="input" type="String"/> <o:param name="from" type="String"/> <o:param name="to" type="String"/> <o:do> <o:variable name="result"/> <o:while test="contains($input, $from)"> <o:set result="concat($result, substring-before($input, $from), $to)"/> <o:set input="substring-after($input, $from)"/> </o:while> <o:return select="concat($result, $input)"/> </o:do> </o:function> </program> class Replace { public String replace(String input, String from, String to) { StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); int last = 0; int index = 0; while ((index = input.indexOf(from, last)) != -1) { result.append(input.substring(last, index)); result.append(to); last = index + from.length() } result.append(input.substring(last)); return result.toString(); } } 21 16 Lines 461 Characters 14 Lines 319 Characters

22. String Replacement in o:XML <?xml-stylesheethref="../xsl/default.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <program> <o:function name="ex:replace"> <o:param name="input" type="String"/> <o:param name="from" type="String"/> <o:param name="to" type="String"/> <o:do> <o:variable name="result"/> <o:while test="contains($input, $from)"> <o:set result="concat($result, substring-before($input, $from), $to)"/> <o:set input="substring-after($input, $from)"/> </o:while> <o:return select="concat($result, $input)"/> </o:do> </o:function> </program> 22

23. Equivalent Java class Replace { public String replace(String input, String from, String to) { StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(); int last = 0; int index = 0; while ((index = input.indexOf(from, last)) != -1) { result.append(input.substring(last, index)); result.append(to); last = index + from.length() } result.append(input.substring(last)); return result.toString(); } } 23

24. Simple Java class Replace { public String replace(String input, String from, String to) { return input.replaceAll(from, to) } } 24

25. JavaFX 2.0 Powerful graphics, animation, and media capabilities Deploys in the browser or on desktop Includes builders for declarative construction Alternative languages can also be used for simpler UI creation GroovyFX ScalaFX Visage 25

26. 26 Hello JavaOne (Java Version) public class HelloJavaOne extends Application { public static void main(String[] args) { launch(HelloJavaOne.class, args); } @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) { primaryStage.setTitle("Hello JavaOne"); Group root = new Group(); Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 250, Color.ALICEBLUE); Text text = new Text(); text.setX(105); text.setY(120); text.setFont(new Font(30)); text.setText("Hello JavaOne"); root.getChildren().add(text); primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show(); } }

27. 27 Hello JavaOne(Builder Version) public void start(Stage primaryStage) { primaryStage.setTitle("Hello JavaOne"); primaryStage.setScene(SceneBuilder.create() .width(400) .height(250) .fill(Color.ALICEBLUE) .root( GroupBuilder.create().children( TextBuilder.create() .x(105) .y(120) .text("Hello JavaOne") .font(new Font(30)) .build() ).build() ) .build()); primaryStage.show(); }

28. 28 Hello JavaOne (GroovyFX Version) GroovyFX.start { primaryStage -> defsg = new SceneGraphBuilder() sg.stage( title: 'Hello JavaOne', show: true) { scene( fill: aliceblue, width: 400, height: 250) { text( x: 105, y: 120, text: "Hello JavaOne" font: "30pt") } } }

29. 29 Hello JavaOne (ScalaFX Version) object HelloJavaOne extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Hello JavaFX" width = 400 height = 250 scene = new Scene { fill = BLUE Text { x = 105 y = 120 text = "Hello JavaOne" font = Font(size: 30) } } } }

30. 30 Hello JavaOne (Visage Version) Stage { title: "Hello JavaOne" width: 400 height: 250 scene: Scene { fill: BLUE content: Text { x: 105 y: 120 text: "Hello JavaOne" font: Font {size: 30pt} } } }

31. JavaOne Speakers Application End-to-end application with no XML coding Server written using JavaEE 6 annotations Data transfer uses JSON Client written in JavaFX 2.0 31

32. Finished Application 32

33. Support the Freedom From XML Petition http://steveonjava.com/freedom-from-xml/ Provide Non-XML Alternatives For: Declarative Programming Configuration Data Transfer 33 </> Sign the Petition Today!

34. 34 Stephen Chin steveonjava@gmail.com tweet: @steveonjava Arun Gupta arun.p.gupta@oracle.com tweet: @arungupta