The document discusses XML-free programming approaches for Java server and client development. It begins with a humorous history of angle brackets and XML. It then outlines three tenets of XML-free programming: 1) storing configuration with code, 2) using JSON for data transfer modeling the domain, and 3) designing programming languages for humans. Examples are provided comparing XML and non-XML approaches in Java, Groovy, Scala, and Visage. The presentation concludes by describing a sample JavaOne speakers application implemented without XML for the server, data transfer, and client.

1. XML-Free Programming : Java Server and Client Development Without <>Stephen ChinChief Agile Methodologist, GXSsteveonjava@gmail.comtweet: @steveonjavaArun GuptaOracle Corporationarun.p.gupta@oracle.comtweet: @arungupta

2. Meet the PresentersStephen ChinArun GuptaCommunity GuyFamily ManMotorcyclistMarathoner

3. Our PlanQuick (Humorous) History of Angle BracketsXML-Free ProgrammingConfiguration Lives with the CodeData Transfer Models the DomainDesign Programming Languages for HumansJavaOne Speakers Application <Demo>3

4. Exhibit A – Angle Bracket Sighting in Virginia, 1922Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Collection – Public Domainhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/pingnews/434444310/4>>>

5. Exhibit B - Bermuda Tri-Angle BracketsSource: NOAA National Ocean Service – CC licensedhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4276194691/sizes/o/in/photostream/5>>>

6. Exhibit C – Tim Bray, Co-Founder of XMLSource: Linux.comhttp://www.linux.com/archive/feature/1331496>>>>

7. History of XMLBased on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)Created by a W3C working group of eleven membersVersion History:XML 1.0 (1998) – Widely adopted with 5 subsequent revisionsXML 1.1 (2004) – Limited adoption7

8. XML Design Goals (a.k.a. problems with SGML)Usable Over the InternetSupport a Wide Variety of ApplicationsCompatible with SGMLEasy to Write Programs to Process XML DocumentsMinimum Number of Optional FeaturesDocuments Should be Human-Legible and Reasonably ClearDesign Should be Prepared QuicklyDesign Should be Formal and ConciseDocuments Should be Easy to CreateTerseness in Markup is of Minimal Importance8

9. Design Goals Per Application9

10. Tenet 1Configuration Lives with the Code10

11. Letting Go of XML is Hard!11This is not intended as a replacement for Spring's XML format.Rod Johnson on Spring’s Annotations-based Configuration“A Java configuration option for Spring,” 11/28/06

12. Java EE 6 Annotations@Stateless@Path@WebServlet@Inject@Named@Entity12

13. But There is Hope!13You can have a Groovy DSL … it is as short as can be.Dierk Koenig on Canoo Web Test“Interview with Dierk Koenig,” ThirstyHead.com 6/3/2009

14. Canoo Web Test ComparisonXMLGroovy Builder<project default="test"> <target name="test"> <webtest name="Google WebTest Search"> <invoke url="http://www.google.com/ncr" /> <verifyTitle text="Google" /> <setInputField name="q" value="WebTest" /> <clickButton label="I'm Feeling Lucky" /> <verifyTitle text="Canoo WebTest" /> </webtest> </target></project>class SimpleTest extends WebtestCase { void testWebtestOnGoogle() { webtest("Google WebTestSearch") { invoke "http://www.google.com/ncr" verifyTitle "Google" setInputField name: "q", value: "WebTest" clickButton "I'm Feeling Lucky" verifyTitle "CanooWebTest" } }}14

15. Tenet 2Data Transfer Models the Domain15

16. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)Matches Relational/Object-Oriented StructuresEasy to Read and WriteSimple to Parse and GenerateFamiliar to Programmers of the C-family of languages:C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, etc.Very Simple Specification16

17. JSON Syntax in a Slide17Images courtesy: http://www.json.org/

18. JAX-RS Sample18@GET @Produces({"application/json", "application/xml"}) public List<Sezzion> findAll() { return super.findAll(); } @GET@Path("{from}/{to}") @Produces({"application/xml", "application/json"}) public List<Sezzion> findRange(@PathParam("from") Integer from, @PathParam("to") Integer to) { return super.findRange(new int[]{from, to}); }@Stateless@Path("sezzion")public class SezzionFacadeREST extends AbstractFacade<Sezzion> {@PersistenceContext private EntityManagerem;@POST@Consumes({"application/json", "application/xml"}) public void create(Sezzion entity) {super.create(entity); }

19. Tenet 3Design Programming Languages for Humans19

20. Counter Example – o:XMLCreated By Martin Klang in 2002Object Oriented LanguageFeatures:PoymorphismFunction OverloadingException HandlingThreads20Diagram from: http://www.o-xml.org/documentation/o-xml-tool-chain.html

21. String Replacement in o:XML vs. Java<?xml-stylesheethref="../xsl/default.xsl" type="text/xsl"?><program> <o:function name="ex:replace"> <o:param name="input" type="String"/> <o:param name="from" type="String"/> <o:param name="to" type="String"/> <o:do> <o:variable name="result"/> <o:while test="contains($input, $from)"> <o:set result="concat($result, substring-before($input, $from), $to)"/> <o:set input="substring-after($input, $from)"/> </o:while> <o:return select="concat($result, $input)"/> </o:do> </o:function></program>class Replace { public String replace(String input, String from, String to) {StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();int last = 0;int index = 0; while ((index = input.indexOf(from, last)) != -1) {result.append(input.substring(last, index));result.append(to); last = index + from.length() }result.append(input.substring(last)); return result.toString(); }}2116 Lines461 Characters14 Lines319 Characters

22. String Replacement in o:XML<?xml-stylesheethref="../xsl/default.xsl" type="text/xsl"?><program> <o:function name="ex:replace"> <o:param name="input" type="String"/> <o:param name="from" type="String"/> <o:param name="to" type="String"/> <o:do> <o:variable name="result"/> <o:while test="contains($input, $from)"> <o:set result="concat($result, substring-before($input, $from), $to)"/> <o:set input="substring-after($input, $from)"/> </o:while> <o:return select="concat($result, $input)"/> </o:do> </o:function></program>22

23. Equivalent Javaclass Replace { public String replace(String input, String from, String to) {StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();int last = 0;int index = 0; while ((index = input.indexOf(from, last)) != -1) {result.append(input.substring(last, index));result.append(to); last = index + from.length() }result.append(input.substring(last)); return result.toString(); }}23

24. Simple Javaclass Replace { public String replace(String input, String from, String to) { return input.replaceAll(from, to) }}24

25. JavaFX 2.0Powerful graphics, animation, and media capabilitiesDeploys in the browser or on desktopIncludes builders for declarative constructionAlternative languages can also be used for simpler UI creationGroovyFXScalaFXVisage25

26. 26Hello JavaOne (Java Version)public class HelloJavaOne extends Application { public static void main(String[] args) { launch(HelloJavaOne.class, args); } @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) {primaryStage.setTitle("Hello JavaOne"); Group root = new Group(); Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 250, Color.ALICEBLUE); Text text = new Text();text.setX(105);text.setY(120);text.setFont(new Font(30));text.setText("Hello JavaOne");root.getChildren().add(text); primaryStage.setScene(scene);primaryStage.show(); }}

27. 27Hello JavaOne(Builder Version)public void start(Stage primaryStage) {primaryStage.setTitle("Hello JavaOne");primaryStage.setScene(SceneBuilder.create() .width(400) .height(250) .fill(Color.ALICEBLUE) .root(GroupBuilder.create().children(TextBuilder.create() .x(105).y(120) .text("Hello JavaOne") .font(new Font(30)) .build() ).build() ) .build());primaryStage.show();}

28. 28Hello JavaOne (GroovyFX Version)GroovyFX.start { primaryStage ->defsg = new SceneGraphBuilder()sg.stage( title: 'Hello JavaOne', show: true) { scene( fill: aliceblue, width: 400, height: 250) { text( x: 105, y: 120, text: "Hello JavaOne" font: "30pt") } }}

29. 29Hello JavaOne (ScalaFX Version)object HelloJavaOne extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Hello JavaFX" width = 400 height = 250 scene = new Scene { fill = BLUE Text { x = 105 y = 120 text = "Hello JavaOne" font = Font(size: 30) } } }}

30. 30Hello JavaOne (Visage Version)Stage {title: "Hello JavaOne"width: 400height: 250scene: Scene { fill: BLUE content: Text { x: 105 y: 120 text: "Hello JavaOne" font: Font {size: 30pt} } }}

31. JavaOne Speakers ApplicationEnd-to-end application with no XML codingServer written using JavaEE 6 annotationsData transfer uses JSONClient written in JavaFX 2.031

32. Finished Application32

33. Support the Freedom From XML Petitionhttp://steveonjava.com/freedom-from-xml/Provide Non-XML Alternatives For:Declarative ProgrammingConfigurationData Transfer33</>Sign the Petition Today!

34. 34Stephen Chinsteveonjava@gmail.comtweet: @steveonjavaArun Guptaarun.p.gupta@oracle.comtweet: @arungupta