The document discusses green building, defining it as a construction approach that minimizes negative environmental impacts and enhances quality of life. It details the GRIHA rating system in India, established for assessing sustainable building practices and encourages resource efficiency, waste reduction, and the use of renewable materials. Additionally, it outlines procedures and benefits, including improved air quality and economic savings, while promoting environmental conservation through various innovative building materials and methods.

1. G R I H A
(Green Rating For Integrated Habitat Building)
Geetika Singla

2. What is GREEN BUILDING?
– A ‘green’ building is a building that, in its design, construction or
operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and can create
positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment.
– Green buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve
our quality of life.

3. Goals of GREEN BUILDING
– To help to sustain the environment without disrupting the natural
habitats around it.
– To promote a better planet earth, and a better place for us all to
live.
– Reduce trash, pollution and degradation of environment.
– Create a sound indoor environment for living and working
purpose.

4. Features of GREEN BUILDING
– Efficient use of energy, water and other resources.
– Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy.
– Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling .
– Good indoor environmental air quality.
– Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable.
– Creating resilient and flexible structures.
– Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation.
– Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation.
– A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment.

5. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:
– Reduce wastage of water.
– Conserve and restore natural
resources.
– Improve air and water quality.
– Enhance protect biodiversity and
ecosystems.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
– Reduce operating costs.
– Improve occupant productivity.
– Create market for green product and
services.
SOCIAL BENEFITS:
– Improve quality of life.
– Minimize strain on local
infrastructure.
– Improve occupant health and
comfort.
Benefits of GREEN BUILDING

6. – BREEAM- United Kingdom
– LEED- United States
– Green globes- Canada
– Green star- Australia
– BEAM- Hong Kong
– EEWH- Taiwan
– GBCS- South Korea
– CASBEE- Japan
– GRIHA- India
What is GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM?
A rating system can be defined as a set of prerequisites and requirements that a
project team must fulfil in order to receive certification.
TYPES OF RATING SYSTEM

7. Name: GRIHA is an acronym for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment.
Country: INDIA
Established : 2007
– GRIHA is a Sanskrit word meaning – ‘Abode’.
– A innovative tool for sustainable development by the united nations
– A tool for implementing renewable energy in the building sector by ‘The
Climate Reality project’- an organization founded by Mr. Al Gore; and UNEP-
SBCI has developed the “Common Carbon Metric” (kWhr/sq m/annum), for
international building energy data collection -based on inputs from GRIHA
(among others)
Introduction Of GRIHA

8. – GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
It is India’s own rating system jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India.
– IGBC (Indian Green Building Council)
LEED is developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), the organization promoting
sustainability through Green Buildings.
– BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency)
It has star based rating system: more stars mean more energy efficiency. BEE has developed
the Energy Performance Index (EPI). The unit of Kilo watt hours per square meter per year is
considered for rating the building and especially targets air conditioned and non-air
conditioned office buildings.
3 Primary Rating Systems in India

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10. – Minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and overall
ecological impact
– Evaluates the environmental performance of a building holistically over its
entire life cycle, thereby providing a definitive standard for what constitutes a
‘green building’
– Based on accepted energy and environmental principles, seeks to strike a
balance between the established practices and emerging concepts
– Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort level
– Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced
soil loss from erosion etc.
OBJECTIVES OF GRIHA

11. – Two rating systems in India: LEED India and GRIHA
– LEED-India adapted from United States Green Building Council’s (USGBC) is
primarily based on per capita energy consumption in developed nations like the
US which does not work in India since India’s per capita energy consumption is
very low compared to developed nations.
– GRIHA is more suited to Indian climate. Also unlike LEED, it does not promote
usage of certain products like glass and air-conditioning equipment.
WHY CHOOSE GRIHA?

12. – Refuse: To blindly adopt international trends, materials, technologies, products,
etc. Especially in areas where local substitutes are available.
– Reduce: The dependence on high energy products, systems, processes, etc.
– Reuse: Materials, products, traditional technologies so as to reduce the costs
incurred in designing buildings.
– Recycle: All possible wastes generated from the building site, during
construction, operation and demolition.
– Reinvent: Engineering systems, designs and practices such that India creates
global examples that the world can follow rather than India following the
international examples.
5 ‘R’ PHILOSOPHY

13. – Except for industrial complexes, all buildings (offices, institutions, hotels,
hospitals, housing complexes, etc.) in the pre-design/design stage are eligible
for certification under GRIHA.
– ADaRSH (Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats),
GRIHA secretariat helps evaluate whether the project is eligible for rating or
not.
GRIHA PROCEDURE
(ELIGIBILITY)

14. – Building project may register through the GRIHA website
(http://www.grihaindia.org)
– The registration process allows access to essential information related to rating
such as:
1. Application forms
2. List of submissions
3. Score points
4. The weightage system
5. Online documentation
GRIHA PROCEDURE
(REGISTRATION PROCESS)

15. GRIHA also provides one day training session for the registered projects which
includes:
– Overview of the green building design
– Explanation of the rating system and criteria and points related to rating
– Online access to the rating tool
– Documentation process through use of online forms
– Evaluation process
GRIHA PROCEDURE
(ONE DAY TRAINING SESSION)

16. – Pre documentation stage: A team from ADaRSH along with the client’s
Integrated Design Team meet and determine the points being targeted by the
project.
– Post documentation stage: All necessary proof through documents for the
points targeted under various criteria is submitted.
– Evaluation by third party regional evaluators. To determine the final rating that
shall be awarded to the project.
– After the necessary documentation is uploaded, and systems commissioned on
the site, the buildings are evaluated and rated in three-tier process.
GRIHA PROCEDURE
(EVALUATION PROCESS )

17. The preliminary evaluation is done by a team of experts from ADaRSH.
– Reviewing of the mandatory points and checking for compliance. The project is
rejected if mandatory criteria are not complied with.
– Evaluation of the optional criteria and estimation of the total number of achievable
points.
– All compliance documents are examined through the appraisal process as outlined
by GRIHA.
Evaluation report given to members of an evaluation committee: external experts in
building and landscape design, lighting and HVAC design, renewable energy, water and
waste management, and building materials.
The members independently review and award points, a provisional GRIHA rating is
awarded after evaluation of document is submitted.
GRIHA PROCEDURE
(EVALUATION PROCESS )

18. VARIANTS OF GRIHA
– SVAGRIHA FOR BUILDING AREA- 100-2499 sqm
– GRIHA FOR BUILDING AREA-2500-1,50,000 sqm
– GRIHA LD FOR BUILDING AREA-> 50 hectare site area
GRIHA VERISON 2015
– The latest version of GRIHA, GRIHA version 2015 (GRIHA V2015), was introduced in January 2015.
– The GRIHA V 2015 rating system consists of 31 criteria
– categorized under various sections such as Site Planning, Construction Management, Occupant
Comfort and Wellbeing, Sustainable Building Materials, Performance Monitoring and Validation,
and Innovation
ELIGIBILITY
– All buildings, which are in the design stage and have built up area more than 2,500 m2, are eligible
for certification under GRIHA.
GRIHA RATING SYSTEM

19. – GRIHA is a performance-oriented system where points are earned for meeting
the design and performance intent of the criteria.
– Each criterion has certain points assigned to it. It means that a project
demonstrating compliance with a criterion would achieve the associated points.
– GRIHA is a 100-point system consisting of some core points
– Different levels of certification (one star to five stars) are awarded based on the
number of points earned. The minimum points required for certification are 25.
GRIHA RATING CRITERIA
(EVALUATION PROCESS )

21. – Pre-construction stage (intra- and inter-site issues)
– Building planning and construction stages (issues of resource conservation and
reduction in resource demand, resource utilization efficiency, resource recovery
and reuse, and provisions for occupant health and well being). The prime 4
resources that are considered in this section are land, water, energy, air, and
green cover.
– Building operation and maintenance stage (issues of operation and
maintenance of building systems and processes, monitoring and recording of
consumption, and occupant health and well being, and also issues that affect
the global and local environment).
GRIHA RATING CRITERIA
(EVALUATION PROCESS )

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24. The points assigned to different criteria is based on survey conducted to better reflect
current resource priorities of India. The point split of various sections is given below:
GRIHA OVERVIEW

25. CONTENTS GRIHA BREEAM LEED CASBEE
Managing Body TERI Building Research
Establishment (BRE)
US Green Building Japan Sustainable Building
Consortium(JSBC)
Established 2007 1990 1998 2001
Categories/Credits •Sustainable site
•Water management
•Energy optimization
•Waste management
•Sustainable building
materials
•Health and well being
•Building operation
•Innovation
•Health and well being
•Transport
•Materials
•Waste management
•Land use and ecology
•Innovation
•Location and
transportation
•Sustainable site
•Energy and atmosphere
•Indoor environment
quality
•Innovation
•Regional priority
•Built environment
•Indoor environment
•Quality of service
•Outdoor environment on
site
•Built load
•Energy resources and
material
•Off site environment
BUILDING TYPE Commercial, Residential,
Institutional, Courts,
Educations, Healthcare,
Prison
Office Retail, Industrial
Units
Health Care Facilities,
Schools, Home, Entire
Neighborhood
Residential, And Non
Residential Type Lf Building
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH OTHER RATING SYSTEM

26. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH OTHER RATING SYSTEM
CONTENTS GRIHA BREEAM LEED CASBEE
GEOGRAPHICAL FOCUS Local, India And Nearby
Area
National National Global
CERTIFIATION COST <5000 Sq.M-inr 1,50,000
5,001 Sq.M To 50,000
Sq.M- INR 1,50,000 + INR
3.5 Per Additional Sq.M
Over & Above 5,000 Sq.M
>50,001 Sq.M-inr 3,10,000
$1290 Each Stage $1250-$17500 $3570-$4500
RESULT REPRESENTATION
RESULT PRODUCT Certificate Certificate Award Letter, Certificate
And Plaque
Certificate And Website
Published Results

27. Energy Efficient
Materials
For green and sustainable environment

28. Green Building Materials
1. Aluminum
2. Rock
3. Thatch
4. Brush
5. Ice
6. Mud and clay
7. Fabric
8. Ceramics
9. Foam
10. Limestone
11. Petrochemicals
12. Plastic
13. Glass
14. Rammed earth
15. Steel
16. Metal
17. Fly ash
18. Wood
19. ECO surfaces
20. Faswell
21. Durisol
22. Fly ash-Stone Powder-
Cement Bricks
23. Cast-in-situ fly ash walls
24. Land Fill and Landscape
25. Calcium Silicate Bricks
26. Fly ash-Lime-Gypsum
Product named ’Fal-G’
27. Sintered Light Weight
Aggregate
28. Cellular Light Weight
Concrete
29. Autoclaved Aerated
Concrete
30. Stabilized Mud Fly Ash
Bricks
31. Clay Fly Ash Bricks
32. Structural Insulated Panels
(SIPs)
33. Cork
34. Cellulose Insulation
35. Terrazzo
36. Green paint
37. Bamboo
38. Adobe
39. Cob
40. Cordwood
41. Earthbag
42. Lightweight Concrete
43. PaperCrete
44. Poured earth
45. Straw bale

29. ➢ best eco-friendly building material
➢ durable and good appearance
➢ high self-generation rate (grown up to three feet within 24 hours)
➢ perennial grass
➢ used to construct frames or supports, walls, floors etc.
➢ high strength-to-weight ratio, even greater comprehensive strength
than concrete and brick, and lasts incredibly long.
➢ for flooring and cabinetry.
➢ Unfortunately, bamboo requires treatment to resist insects and rot.
If left untreated, bamboo contains a starch that greatly invites
insects, and it could swell and crack after absorbing water.
Bamboo

31. ➢ excellent way of controlling heat within a building
➢ affordable
➢ sustainability is higher
➢ avoid cracks and structural faults within the concrete and
eventual demolitions.
➢ used for walls and building facades
➢ they hold up well to all sorts of weather
Precast Concrete Slabs

32. ➢ grows very quickly
➢ resilient
➢ flexible
➢ reverts to its original shape even after sustaining pressure. (used for
floor tiles)
➢ excellently absorbs noise (used for insulation sheets)
➢ excellent shock absorption qualities (used for sub-flooring)
➢ a good thermal insulator as it is fire resistant,
➢ nearly impermeable, does not absorb water or rot
Cork

34. ➢ used as a framing material
➢ good insulation properties
➢ soundproof material
➢ used as fill material in between columns and in beams
framework
➢ don’t allow air through,
➢ fire resistance properties
➢ placed in walls, attics and ceilings,
➢ contribute to cooler the house in the summer and warmer
temperatures in the winter.
Straw Bales

35. It is a technology that has been used throughout human civilization for
thousands of years and lasts a very long time. It is a popular and
affordable solution to creating steadfast foundations, floors and walls,
through natural materials such as chalk, earth, gravel or lime, and then
compacting them.
When pressed tightly in wooden forms, it creates walls that have a
similar feel to concrete. Buildings made from rammed earth are made
safer or fortified by the use of rebar or bamboo. Mechanical tamper can
greatly reduce the amount of labor required to create sturdy walls.
Rammed earth walls and floors can be used as thermal storage, allowing
the sun to warm them in the day and slowly release the warmth in the
cooler evenings.
Rammed Earth

36. ➢ It is a concrete-like material created from the woody inner
fibres of the hemp plant. The fibres are bound with lime to
create concrete-like shapes.
➢ lightweight
➢ sturdy
➢ has good thermal and acoustic insulation qualities
➢ fire resistant
➢ Additionally, its biggest sustainable property is that it is CO2
negative, meaning it absorbs more CO2 than it emits.
➢ Hemp itself is a fast-growing and renewable resource.
HempCrete

37. ➢ relatively new material
➢ uses recycled materials such as steel dust from the steel industry,
or ferrous rock leftover from industrial processes, usually sent to
the landfill.
➢ It creates a concrete-like building material, stronger than the
concrete itself.
➢ It traps and absorbs carbon dioxide as part of its drying and
hardening process.
➢ This makes ferrock carbon neutral and a lot less CO2 intensive as
compared to traditional concrete.
➢ It is a viable alternative to cement and can be mixed and poured
to form driveways, staircases, pathways, and more structures.
➢ Some researchers believe ferrock is more resilient to weather
than concrete.
Ferrock

38. ➢ This is an interesting building material and is made from a
mix of sawdust and concrete.
➢ It is lighter than concrete and reduces transportation
emissions.
➢ The sawdust also reuses a waste product and replaces some
of the energy-intensive components of traditional concrete.
Timber concrete could also be formed into traditional shapes
like pavers, bricks and blocks.
Timbercrete

39. ➢ Earthen materials like adobe, cob, and rammed earth are
being used for construction purposes since yore.
➢ For good strength and durability- chopped straw, grass and
other fibrous materials etc. are added to earth.
➢ Even today, structures built with adobe or cob can be seen in
some remote areas.
Earthen Materials

40. ➢ Structural insulated panels (SIPs) consist of two sheets of
oriented strand boards or flake board with a foam layer
between them.
➢ They are generally available in larger sizes and are used
as walls for the structure.
➢ Because of their large size, they need heavy equipment
to install however, they provide good insulation.
SIPs

41. ➢ Slate is naturally formed rock which is used to make
tiles.
➢ Slate tiles have high durability and they are used as
roofing materials.
➢ Slate roofing is preferred when it is locally or
cheaply available.
Slate Roofing

42. Steel roof panels and shingles are highly
durable and they can be recycled again
and again. So, these are the best choices
for green roofing materials.
Steel

43. ➢ Thatch is nothing but dry straw, dry water
reed, dried rushes etc. These are the oldest
roofing materials which are still in use in
some remote locations of the world and
even in cities for aesthetic attractions.
➢ It is cheaply available for roofing and a good
insulator too.
Thatch

44. ➢ Roof panels made of composite materials such as foam or
cellulose layer sandwiched between two metal sheets or
two plastic sheets also come under green building materials.
➢ They are light in weight, inexpensive and provide good
insulation for the structure and save energy.
Composites

45. ➢ Cellulose is a recycled product of paper waste
and it is widely used around the world for
insulation purposes in structure.
➢ It acts as good sound insulator and available for
cheap prices in the market.
Cellulose

46. ➢ Insulated concrete forms contain two insulation layers with
some space in between them. This space contains some
arrangement for holding reinforcement bars, after placing
reinforcement, concrete is poured into this space.
➢ They are light in weight, fire resistant, low dense and have
good thermal and sound insulation properties.
Insulated Concrete Forms

47. ➢ Natural fibers like cotton, wool can also be used as
insulation materials.
➢ Recycled cotton fibers or wool fibers are converted into a
batt and installed in preformed wooden frame sections.
Natural Fiber

48. ➢ Polyurethane foam is available in the form of spray bottles.
They are directly sprayed onto the surface or wall or to which
part insulation is required.
➢ After spraying it expands and forms a thick layer which
hardens later on.
➢ They offer excellent insulation and prevent leakage of air.
Polyurethane

49. ➢ Fiberglass is also used for insulation purposes in the
form of fiberglass batts.
➢ Even though it contains some toxic binding agents,
because of its super insulation property at low cost it
can be considered as a green building material.
Fiberglass

50. ➢ Polystyrene and isocyanurate foam sheets are another type
of insulation materials which are available in the form of
boards or sheets.
➢ These are generally provided as insulators on exterior sides
of a structure, below the grade etc.
Polystyrene and Isocyanurate

51. ➢ Plastering of walls can be done using natural clay rather than
other gypsum-based plasters.
➢ Natural clay plaster with proper workmanship gives a
beautiful appearance to the interior.
Natural Clay

52. ➢ Non-VOC paint or green paint is recommended over VOC
containing paints.
➢ Presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in paint
reacts with sunlight and nitrogen oxide resulting in the
formation of ozone which can cause severe health problems
for the occupants.
➢ If non-VOC paint is not available then try the paint with very
low-VOC content in it.
Non-VOC Paints

53. Naturally occurring materials like bamboo, wool and cotton
fiber carpets, cork etc. can be used for flooring purposes.
Natural Fiber Floor

54. ➢ Fiber cement boards are made of cement, sand and wood
fibers.
➢ For exterior siding, fiber cement boards are good choice
because of their cheap price, good durability and good
resistance against fire.
Fiber Cement

55. ➢ Stone is a naturally occurring and a long-lasting building
material.
➢ Some Stone structures built hundreds of years ago are still in
existence without much abrasion.
➢ Stones are good against weathering hence they can be used
to construct exterior walls, steps, exterior flooring etc.
Stone

56. A l t e r n a t i v e E n e r g y
R e n e w a b l e
Resources
I n I n d i a
For green and sustainable environment

57. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Energy that comes from the sources which are continous replenished
such as sunlight , wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal energy.
– About 16% of global energy comes from renewable resources.
– 10% of all energy from traditional biomass.
– 3.4% - hydroelectricity
– 3% - new renewables

58. – WIND ENERGY
– HYDROPOWER
– SOLAR ENERGY
– BIOMASS ENERGY
– GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
SOURCES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

59. – Air flow can be used to run turbines.
– Wind turbines range from 600kW to 5 MW.
– Turbines of 1.5-3MW are most common.
– Areas where winds are stronger are more constant.
– Long term technical potential of wind energy is believed to be total 5 times
current global energy production.
WIND ENERGY

60. – The Ministry of New and Renewable energy has fixed a target of 10500MW
between 2007-12, but an additional generation capacity of only about 6000MW
might be available for commercial use by 2013.
– MNRE has announced a revised estimation of the potential wind resource in
India from 49130MW at 50m Hub height to 102788MW at 80m hub height.
FUTURE PLANS OF ENERGY IN INDIA
WIND ENERGY

61. – Energy in water can be harnessed and used.
– Since water is 800 times denser than air even a slow flowing stream of water
can yield considerable amount of energy.
– Micro – hydro systems produce 100kW of energy. Run of the river
hydroelectricity systems derive kinetic from rivers and oceans without creation
of a large reservoir.
HYDROPOWER

62. The National Energy Policy aims at –
– Per capital electricity availability of 1000units
– Installed capacity over 200,000MW
– Inter-regional transmission capacity of 37000MW
– Spinning reserve of 5%
– Quality and reliable power.
FUTURE PLANS OF ENERGY IN INDIA
HYDRO ENERGY

63. – It is the energy generated and stored in the Earth.
– Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter.
Earth’s geothermal energy originates from the original formation of planet and
from radioactive decay of minerals.
– From hot springs geothermal energy is used for electricity generation.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

64. – Improve performance of underpowering thermal power stations.
– To add 78700MW during 11th & 94431MW during the 12th five year plan.
– Improve the performance and efficiency of coal based thermal plants.
– Save fuel and reduce enviromental impacts.
FUTURE PLANS OF ENERGY IN INDIA
THERMAL ENERGY

65. – Gulf of Kutch Tidal power plant is strongly pushed for construction by the
western Gujrat at the Gulf of cambay.
– India has a good potential for tidal power generation in sundarbans,WB.
– The country’s 1st tidal plant has been proposed to be set up in Durgaduani
creek of Sundarbans.
FUTURE PLANS OF ENERGY IN INDIA
TIDAL ENERGY

66. – Energy from the Sun in the form of Solar radiations for heat or to generate
electricity.
– Solar powered electricity generation uses either photovolatics or heat engines.
– Other solar applications include space heating and cooling through solar
architecture, day lighting, solar hot water, solar cooking and high temperature
process
SOLAR ENERGY

67. – Through the process of photosynthesis plants capture the solar energy.
– When the plants are burnt they release this energy.
– Thus biomass functions as a natural battery for storing solar energy.
– The largest source of biomass is Peat which is classified as slow renewable fuel
by IPCC.
BIOMASS ENERGY

68. – India stands among top 5 countries in the world in terms of renewable energy.
– The installed base is 9% of total power generation capacity & contributes 3% to
the electricity mix.
– The National Action Plan on Climate Change in June 2008 identified Solar
energy development. In Nov 2009 the GoI approved National Solar Mission
which aims to enable 20,000 MW to be dployed in India by 2022.
– India occupies 5th position in the World in Wind Energy, hydro projects upto 25
MW capacity
INDIA’s RENEWABLE ENERGY
FUTURE PROSPECTS

69. – To reduce per unit cost of renewable energy.
– Increase efficiency.
– Harness lower wind speeds.
– Challenge the energy of tides and waves to produce energy.
– Use of larger grids with lower losses of electricity. Use of hydrogen as an energy
storage or carrier.
INDIA’s
RENEWABLE ENERGY
CHALLENGES

70. – There is an urgent need for transition from petrolium based energy system to
one based on renewable resources to decrease reliance on depleting reserve e
of fossil fuels and to mitigate climate change.
– It has potential to create employment opportunities especially at all levels
especially at rural level.
– An emphasis on presenting the real picture of massive renewable energy
potential, it would be possible to attract foreign investments to herald a Green
Energy Revolution in India.
CONCLUSION

71. Thank You