This document presents a project on the design and analysis of an IoT-based fully automatic space gardening system. A group of students created a small engineered greenhouse that can grow plants by controlling the environment using sensors and a Raspberry Pi microcontroller. The system monitors water levels, temperature, light, moisture, and pH to automatically control plant growth. It was presented with the goal of developing sustainable food production for long-term space missions.

1. PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF IOT BASED
FULLY AUTOMATIC SPACE GARDENING
Department of ECE
Gokula Krishna college of Engineering, Sullurpeta.
Presented by
K. Laila - 15F81A0417
G. Nikhila - 15F81A0431
V. Munisha - 15F81A0429
N. Niharika - 15F81A0430
M. Meghana - 15F81A0421
Guided by
Mrs. M. Gnanapriya
Associate. Prof, ECE.

2. ABSTRACT
As NASA plans for its first manned mission to Mars in the mid-2030s, the
humans who will inhabit the planet may not be considered astronauts but
farmers. To be efficient, inhabitants need to eat local, which means we need
to find a way to produce food on Mars. So there is a urgent need to develop
closed systems for growing plants aboard space shuttles and on the
International Space Station. In this project we created a small engineered
space greenhouse that can grow nutritious plants by rigorously controlling
the plant environment using virtual lighting. Raspberry Pi (open source) is
used in this prototype model in making the system compact and sustainable.
This system uses various sensors which measures the water level,
temperature, light intensity, moisture and PH value of soil for a proper
control over the growth of plants. Additionally spraying of fertilizers is also
possible.
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Space farming refers to the cultivation of crops for food and other materials
in space- equivalent to agriculture on Earth. The supply of food to space
stations and other long duration missions is heavy and expensive.
• Earth’s soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and
countless organisms where as the Red Planet is covered with crushed rocks.
• However, Mars have carbon dioxide, some nitrogen in the atmosphere and
frozen water. Mars has only 60% of light intensity at the surface, which
means reduced photosynthesis.
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4. YEAR AUTHOR TITILE DISADVANTAGE
2005 B.ASTRAND A vision based row following
system for agricultural field
machinery
Controlling is not
possible
2007 MUHAMMAD
ALI
Automatic system based on
ARM microcontroller
Limited to
moisture level
checking
2008 R.EATON Modeling and controlling of
agricultural machinery
Limited to
monitoring and
controlling motor
2013 JUAN
FRANSICO
Automated irrigation system
using WSN and GPRS
Requires sunlight
LITERATURE SURVEY
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5. EXISTING SYSTEM
Drip irrigation
Water is allowed to drip slowly to the roots of plants or soil surface or directly on to the
root zone, through a valves, tubing, pipes, and emitters
Surface irrigation is where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity.
It is by far the most common form of irrigation throughout the world
Surface irrigation
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6. Sprinkler irrigation:
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to rainfall. Water is
distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping.
Precision linear-move irrigation system:
A distributed sensor-based automatic site-specific irrigation system is implemented to
increase yield and quality while saving water.
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7. DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEMS
It requires manual operation.
Due to excess of water flow, crop production will be less.
Water will be wasted due to uneven distribution.
There is no possible for on spot adjustments.
Plants undergo stress due more watering.
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8. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The main aim of this project is to provide space scientists with a plant growth
facility capable of supporting long-duration flight experiments.
 In this project we created a automatic space irrigation system which is
implemented by using Raspberry pi which is the heart of the system.
In this system a website is used for accessing the data from the cloud. The data
stored in the cloud contains the real time status of the parameters like temperature,
humidity, PH, light intensity.
We also use virtual lightening for the growth of plants.
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9. ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSYTEM
Automation eliminates the manual operation.
This system yields to better food production in space.
Research on farming in space enables us for long term space exploration.
Efficient and economically feasible food production system.
System life is increased.
Low cost and reliable.
Water wastage is reduced.
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10. BLOCK DIAGRAM
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11. Raspberry pi zero:
Raspberry pi is a series of small single board computer. Raspberry pi is a
Broadcom system on a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM-compatible central
processing unit (CPU).
Soil moisture sensor:
The Moisture sensor is used to measure the water content(moisture) of soil. when the
soil is having water shortage, the module output is at high level, else the output is at low
level. This sensor reminds the user to water their plants and also monitors the moisture
content of soil.
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12. A pH sensor is a that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions,
indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH.
pH sensor:
Light Depedent Resistor (LDR) sensor is used to detect the light intensity in the
surroundings. The function of the LDR is to make the LED lightings active when the
light intensity value is low and inactive when the light intensity is high.
LDR:
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13. USB to serial converter:
USB adapters are used to convert USB data to standard serial port data and vice versa.
Most commonly the USB data signals are converted to RS232, RS485, RS422, or TTL-
level UART serial data.
Submersible pump motor:
A Submersible Pump Motor is a pump that is used in extracting water from
a water well.
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14. APPLICATIONS
Back here on Earth, the impact of space farming will expand our knowledge of
agriculture. Goals include higher quality crops, higher crop yields and better
controlled agricultural systems and greenhouses. Few areas in which automatic
irrigation is used are depicted below:
Earth’s Agriculture.
Indoor Gardening.
In Space Shuttles.
In International Space Stations.
Horticulture.
Floriculture.
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15. PYTHON SOFTWARE
• Python is an interpreted, high-level, general purpose
programming language.
• Python is open-source software.
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SOFWARES USED
1.VNC viewer
2.Advanced IP scanner

17. WEB PAGE
Web page is designed by using the “UBIDOTS” website builder. After
entering into the Ubidots we have to create a account, after creating we have
to login as shown in figure and have to select the channel on the web page
along with required fields like moisture, temperature, humidity, motor status
of the motor is on it shows as 1 else 0 and the output is displayed on the
web.
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18. PRACTICAL RESULTS
The setup of automatic space garden uses Sensors like DHT11,
moisture sensor, pH sensor. When the moisture of the soil is low,
motor turn on automatically and when it reaches to the threshold
value, the output of the soil moisture sensor will become high and
the motor is turned off automatically.
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19. The respective levels of Out puts like Temperature of
atmosphere, humidity level and moisture and motor
working status is displayed on the web page and can
be analyzed from anywhere.
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20. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
This system will modernize the space agriculture by adding the extra features
like taking the video pictures of the plants for every two hours and all the data
is transmitted to earth so that the scientists keep a careful watch over their
plants. This space automatic gardening will help in advance Earth-based
greenhouses and controlled environment agriculture systems and help farmers
to produce better, healthier crops in small spaces using the optimum amount of
water and nutrients.
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21. CONCLUSION
With the advancement of technologies, this system is reliable to use it in space
where we have to deal with a different ecosystem. It helps us to create plant growth
systems that can provide food for the crews of long duration missions. This
microcontroller based space irrigation system proves to be a real time feedback
system which monitors and controls all the activities of irrigation system
efficiently. It is really an effective and economic way to reduce human effort and
water wastages.
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22. BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] ChandankumarSahu, PramiteeBehera. 2015 A Low Cost Smart Irrigation Control System IEEE
Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication System (ICECS).
[2] Krishna S. Nemali, Marc W. van Iersel. Nov. 2006 An automated system for
controlling drought stress and irrigation in potted plants, ScientiaHorticulturae, pp: 292-297, Vol. 110,
no. 3, pp. 292–297,
[3] Hamshack Raspberry Pi: A Beginner’s Guide to The Raspberry Pi for Amateur Radio Activities
by Jeremy Stephen (Author)
[9] Raspberry Pi: The Ultimate Step by Step Guide to Take you from Beginner to Expert, Set Up,
Programming, Projects For Raspberry Pi 3, Hints, Tips, Tricks and Much More
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/bps.html
[5] https://qz.com/599928/how-do-astronauts-grow-plants-in-space/
[6] https://www.agriculture.com/technology/crop-management/farming-in-space
[7] https://science.howstuffworks.com/space-farming.htm
[8] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117702007512
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THANK YOU