The new techniques which are being innovated by the scientists in the field of agriculture if used wisely can improve the otherwise poor economic status of farmers. The land for cultivation is slowly depleting as the land is being acquired by Government for infra-structure build up, or is being sold by the owners due to poor financial state. The area of land which is available for farming has to be used judiciously and recent tools and techniques needs to be employed, then only high yield could be obtained and the economic condition of agriculturists could improve. The polyhouse technology of crop cultivation is proving beneficial for the farmers. The success stories of polyhouse cultivation are many and still the number is counting.
The deterioration of seed quality, vigor and viability, due to high relative humidity and high temperature during the post-maturation and per-harvest period is referred to as field weathering,
Deterioration caused by weathering is directly related to seed exposure to adverse conditions.
Exposure to hot and humid conditions, rainfall, photo period after ripening are per-harvest factors, cause seed quality loss.
The deterioration of seed quality, vigor and viability, due to high relative humidity and high temperature during the post-maturation and per-harvest period is referred to as field weathering,
Deterioration caused by weathering is directly related to seed exposure to adverse conditions.
Exposure to hot and humid conditions, rainfall, photo period after ripening are per-harvest factors, cause seed quality loss.
One important function of most seeds is delayed germination, which allows time for dispersal and prevents germination of all the seeds at the same time.
The staggering of germination safeguards some seeds and seedlings from suffering damage or death from short periods of bad weather or from transient herbivores; it also allows some seeds to germinate when competition from other plants for light and water might be less intense.
Generally plants or plant structures, in order to overcome or survive against hostile environmental conditions undergo a period of dormancy with suitable modifications.
In lower plants production of endospores, zygospores, auxospores, akinetes, etc, are some of the methods involved in tiding over unfavorable conditions
Angiosperms produce seeds within the ovary and ovary itself develops into a fruit. In Gymnosperms only seeds develop.
Carnations are great for cut flowers Due to its excellent keeping quality, a wide range varieties selection, and Carnations can withstand long-distance during transport qualities farmer attract towards Carnation cultivation
They are especially the demand for Valentine’s day, Easter, Mother’s day and Christmas. India has the excellent prospect of developing good quality carnation. Places having cold climate such as Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Kalimpong, Ooty, Kodaikanal, Bangalore, Pune, Nasik, etc. are most appropriate places for the production of Carnation cut flowers.
A presentation during a workshop conducted for VIII standard students at Sevasadan English Medium School, Pune.
It focuses on the idea of the origins of various emotional disturbances and the rational way of handling them.
One important function of most seeds is delayed germination, which allows time for dispersal and prevents germination of all the seeds at the same time.
The staggering of germination safeguards some seeds and seedlings from suffering damage or death from short periods of bad weather or from transient herbivores; it also allows some seeds to germinate when competition from other plants for light and water might be less intense.
Generally plants or plant structures, in order to overcome or survive against hostile environmental conditions undergo a period of dormancy with suitable modifications.
In lower plants production of endospores, zygospores, auxospores, akinetes, etc, are some of the methods involved in tiding over unfavorable conditions
Angiosperms produce seeds within the ovary and ovary itself develops into a fruit. In Gymnosperms only seeds develop.
Carnations are great for cut flowers Due to its excellent keeping quality, a wide range varieties selection, and Carnations can withstand long-distance during transport qualities farmer attract towards Carnation cultivation
They are especially the demand for Valentine’s day, Easter, Mother’s day and Christmas. India has the excellent prospect of developing good quality carnation. Places having cold climate such as Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Kalimpong, Ooty, Kodaikanal, Bangalore, Pune, Nasik, etc. are most appropriate places for the production of Carnation cut flowers.
A presentation during a workshop conducted for VIII standard students at Sevasadan English Medium School, Pune.
It focuses on the idea of the origins of various emotional disturbances and the rational way of handling them.
AUTOMATED BUG TRIAGE USING ADVANCED DATA REDUCTION TECHNIQUESJournal For Research
Bug triage is an important step in the process of bug fixing. The goal of bug triage is to correctly assign a developer to a newly reported bug in the system. To perform the automated bug triage, text classification techniques are applied. This will helps to reduce the time cost in manual work. To reduce the scale and improve the quality of bug data, the proposed system addresses the data reduction techniques, instance selection and feature selection for bug triage. The instance selection technique used here is to identify the relevant bugs that can match the newly reported bug. The feature selection technique is used to select the relevant data from each bug in the training set. A predictive model is proposed to identify the order in which the data reduction techniques are applied for each newly reported bug. This step will improve the performance of the classification process. An experimental study using Eclipse and Firefox bug data is undergone in which the proposed system shows an accuracy of 73%.
Born To Lead - How to Lead Your Team to a Better TomorrowSMA Equities
Samy Mahfar, the owner of SMA Equities based in NYC, shares some simple but important tips to improve and elevate your leadership style in the workplace.
143 Ludlow Street Lower East Side owned by Samy Mahfar of SMA EquitiesSMA Equities
Comfort plus convenience meld with old world charm in one of the most identifiable buildings on the Lower East Side, 143 Ludlow Street. Purchased in 2012 by Samy Mahfar for SMA Equities, the six-story, 13,560-square-foot former Old Law Tenement today has 21 residential units and two commercial stores.Located between Stanton and Rivington Streets, it’s a jewel of the past polished into a diamond for today with spacious layouts, hardwood floors, noise-proofed windows, and individually-controlled central air and heating. The amenities are the absolutely 21st century, including a fitness room, furnished roof deck, and for security, and audio/video intercom system.
https://commercialobserver.com/tag/samy-mahfar/
This is a presentation made by Chief Visionary and Founder of the Pet bharo project in India at IIM Ahmedabad in 2009. This PPT takes a person intending to go into commercial hydrponics into the nuances of this industry. more details are available on www.petbharoproject.co.in or contact ceo@petbharoproject.co.in
Hydroponics farming technology and contributions by ayurvet ltd.Pradip Burman
In the 1930s, hydroponics was used by residents of Wake Island in the Pacifics, where they grew vegetables in this technique to supply for the passengers of the Pan-American Airlines, whose aircrafts used to stop over at the islands for refueling.
To know more about Ayurvet and Mr. Pradip Burman visit - http://pradipburman.in
Rural Development Program - Vision changed the livelihood. Yuva Rural Association works on related to livelihoods, natural resource management, gender, social discrimination, governance and human rights in the state of Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat and Maharashtra.
Vision changed the livelihood - Yuva Rural Association
Multilayer vegetable cultivation in the village is an excellent example of judicious
utilization of soil and water resources to take full advantage of limited land resources. Also,
access to markets has been one of the major drivers of this innovation in farming practice.
Now he is the ideal farmer from his villages among the other agriculturists in the region.
Soil moisture and nutrient dynamics in this vegetable farming technique should be of
interest to further investigation.
Lets take an adventure into the world of sustainable farming by Clare Liang &...Art4Agriculture
Why is it important to study agriculture?
Good Question says Clare and Helena.
Well its a good start to solving the looming food shortage crisis they tell us
See if you agree
Speaker: Khidhir Abbas Hameed,
Al Mishkhab Rice Research Station
Title: System of Rice Intensification SRI
Date: December 9, 2020
Organizer: Central and West Asian Rice Center (CWA Rice)
Venue: online
This note looks at crop rotation as one of the sustainable arable crop production practices. It describes the approaches to crop rotation, the benefits and the limitations of crop rotation. The note will serve as a valuable resource for higher ed students taking introductory courses in Agriculture.
Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Actuator in a Typical Aerospace vehicle | J4...Journal For Research
An Aerospace Vehicle is capable of flight both within and outside the sensible atmosphere. An Actuation System is one of the most important Systems of an Aerospace vehicle. This paper study involves detailed study of various controls Actuation System and Design of a typical Hydraulic Actuation Systems. An actuator control system concerned with electrical, electronic or electro mechanical. Actuator control systems may take the form of extremely simple, manually-operated start-and-stop stations, or sophisticated, programmable computer systems. Hydraulic Actuation System contains Electro Hydraulic Actuators, Servo Valves, Feedback Sensing elements, Pump Motor package, Hydraulic Reservoir, Accumulator, various safety valves, Filters etc. The main objective of this study involves design of Hydraulic Actuator and selection of various other components for the Actuation Systems of an Aerospace Vehicle. Design of the system includes design of Hydraulic actuator and also the Modeling and Analysis of actuator using sophisticated Software.
Experimental Verification and Validation of Stress Distribution of Composite ...Journal For Research
Now a day in all sector weight reduction is most important criteria for lowering the cost & high performance. For weight reduction composite material is good option to solve weight related problems. In this paper we describe analysis of composite glass fibre material with mild steel material comparison. For analysis purpose we can use FEA software. The objective of this paper is compare things like different loading conditions stress distribution etc.
Image Binarization for the uses of Preprocessing to Detect Brain Abnormality ...Journal For Research
Computerized MR of brain image binarization for the uses of preprocessing of features extraction and brain abnormality identification of brain has been described. Binarization is used as intermediate steps of many MR of brain normal and abnormal tissues detection. One of the main problems of MRI binarization is that many pixels of brain part cannot be correctly binarized due to the extensive black background or the large variation in contrast between background and foreground of MRI. Proposed binarization determines a threshold value using mean, variance, standard deviation and entropy followed by a non-gamut enhancement that can overcome the binarization problem. The proposed binarization technique is extensively tested with a variety of MRI and generates good binarization with improved accuracy and reduced error.
A Research Paper on BFO and PSO Based Movie Recommendation System | J4RV4I1016Journal For Research
The objective of this work is to assess the utility of personalized recommendation system (PRS) in the field of movie recommendation using a new model based on neural network classification and hybrid optimization algorithm. We have used advantages of both the evolutionary optimization algorithms which are Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bacteria foraging optimization (BFO). In its implementation a NN classification model is used to obtain a movie recommendation which predict ratings of movie. Parameters or attributes on which movie ratings are dependent are supplied by user's demographic details and movie content information. The efficiency and accuracy of proposed method is verified by multiple experiments based on the Movie Lens benchmark dataset. Hybrid optimization algorithm selects best attributes from total supplied attributes of recommendation system and gives more accurate rating with less time taken. In present scenario movie database is becoming larger so we need an optimized recommendation system for better performance in terms of time and accuracy.
IoT based Digital Agriculture Monitoring System and Their Impact on Optimal U...Journal For Research
Although precision agriculture has been adopted in few countries, the greenhouse based modern agriculture industry in India still needs to be modernized with the involvement of technology for better production and cost control. In this paper we proposed a multifunction model for smart agriculture based on IoT. Due to variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniform condition at all the places in the farmhouse manually. Soil and environment properties are sensed and periodically sent to cloud network through IoT. Analysis on cloud data is done for water requirement, total production and maintaining uniform environment conditions throughout greenhouse farm. Proposed model is beneficial for increase in agricultural production and for cost control and real time monitoring of farm.
A REVIEW PAPER ON BFO AND PSO BASED MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM | J4RV4I1015Journal For Research
Recommendation system plays important role in Internet world and used in many applications. It has created the collection of many application, created global village and growth for numerous information. This paper represents the overview of Approaches and techniques generated in recommendation system. Recommendation system is categorized in three classes: Collaborative Filtering, Content based and hybrid based Approach. This paper classifies collaborative filtering in two types: Memory based and Model based Recommendation .The paper elaborates these approaches and their techniques with their limitations. The result of our system provides much better recommendations to users because it enables the users to understand the relation between their emotional states and the recommended movies.
HCI BASED APPLICATION FOR PLAYING COMPUTER GAMES | J4RV4I1014Journal For Research
This paper describes a command interface for games based on hand gestures and voice command defined by postures, movement and location. The system uses computer vision requiring no sensors or markers by the user. In voice command the speech recognizer, recognize the input from the user. It stores and passes command to the game, action takes place. We propose a simple architecture for performing real time colour detection and motion tracking using a webcam. The next step is to track the motion of the specified colours and the resulting actions are given as input commands to the system. We specify blue colour for motion tracking and green colour for mouse pointer. The speech recognition is the process of automatically recognizing a certain word spoken by a particular speaker based on individual information included in speech waves. This application will help in reduction in hardware requirement and can be implemented in other electronic devices also.
A REVIEW ON DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN CHANDRAPUR CITY | J4RV4...Journal For Research
As we know the population of Chandrapur City has increased so far in this years and with that has increased the vehicles causing high traffic volume & rise in pollution. But the transportation system in Chandrapur City is still the same. To reduce the traffic volume & pollution, we have to study & design the new transportation system in Chandrapur City. The system would be as similar to Nagpur City with the implementation of Star City Buses. In this Study we would first compare the speed of various vehicles. Collection of population details of Chandrapur City, approximate number of vehicles running on road, collection of data with respect to Ticket fares in Nagpur City- whether it is according to Kilometers or places to be reached, calculation of Ticket Fares for Chandrapur City on the basis data collected. By all these, the best mode of transport in City can be studied. On the basis of above data collected from various respected fields, we will then proceed for the Design part of urban transport system in Chandrapur City. For Design purpose, firstly we have to mark the centre of the City, when the centre is decided; we will then select the Bus Terminus. From centre of the city, we would prefer to select the routes of the Buses. One route will be for the city side like Jatpura Gate, Pathanpura Gate. One route will be for Ballarpur going road. The other one for Mul going road, then next for Nagpur road. We could decide as many routes once we get the clear idea about all data. By getting all this details, the next step is to design the destination points of Buses. Then we have to design about the Bus bays, to reduce congestion in the particular intersections or Stops of bus. After the design also can suggest for Bus lanes. Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT system) is the main aim behind to develop transportation mode of City. The design of the Transport System can be designed with the help of various software’s like AutoCAD and Revit.
A REVIEW ON LIFTING AND ASSEMBLY OF ROTARY KILN TYRE WITH SHELL BY FLEXIBLE G...Journal For Research
Heavy kiln tyre Lifting, rigging and assembly with kiln shell is done manually by use of heavy crane and labour. This traditional technique is not safe. The challenge is find out solution for ease the process and cost effective because of limitations of the rigging system, erection area, can be managed safely by the kiln tyre suspender equipped by jaws and suspender beam. This review paper deals with the study and analysis of different papers which are deals with different lifting, gripping and installation techniques and other aspects analysis with software, experimentation and optimization etc.
LABORATORY STUDY OF STRONG, MODERATE AND WEAK SANDSTONES | J4RV4I1012Journal For Research
Sandstones from seven different hydroelectric projects have been assessed to compare their water-related properties and engineering parameters and the comprehensive analysis has been presented. The study has been done by categorizing the sandstones in to three categories i.e. weak, moderate & strong sandstones. The study leads to four broad inferences: (1), there could be very large variation between two sandstones; e.g., here, sandstone S2, S4 & S5, vis-à-vis other two strong sandstones, is superior in all respects. (2), the four weak sandstones differ in respect of some – not all – properties and parameters. (3), none of the four weak sandstones is better than the other two in respect of all properties and parameters. (4), moderate sandstone shows higher values of shear strength parameters in comparison to all the sandstones (including stronger sandstones also) except S3 strong sandstone. In respect of individual properties, the grain density of all sandstones is similar, though their bulk densities, apparent porosity and water content show great variation. The weak, moderate and strong sandstones show qualitative difference in their uniaxial compressive strength and wave velocity (compression and shear, both); and the two are directly proportional. The study clearly demonstrates that there is no one-to-one correspondence between any two properties and parameters, but there is a diffused and/ or qualitative relationship between different sandstones, or certain properties and parameters of a particular variant.
DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE | J4RV4I...Journal For Research
Need of rice transplanting machine is growing nowadays because of unique feature seeding in well sequence and well manners. This will save too much efforts of human being. Class of people who uses this kind of machine is farmers and they are having poor economic background. To feed growing population is a huge challenge. Importation of rice will lead to drain out the economy of the country. Mechanization of paddy sector will lead to higher productivity with releasing of work force to other sectors. The objective of this project is to design a paddy transplanting mechanism to transplant paddy seedling by small scale farmers in the country. Hence, this is considered as an activity that needed mechanization. For mechanization the modeling and simulation evaluated for hand operated rice seeding machine, which is help the farmers to planting more and more amount of rice in good quality with low energy consumption and less harm to the environment. India is predominately an agricultural country with rice as one of its main food crop. It Produce about 80 million tons rice annually which is about 22% of the world rice production. Culturally transplanting of young seeding is preferred over direct seeding for better yield and better crop management practice. But this operation requires large amount of manpower (about 400 Man-Hour/ha) and task is very laborious involving working in stopping posture and moving in muddy field.
AN OVERVIEW: DAKNET TECHNOLOGY - BROADBAND AD-HOC CONNECTIVITY | J4RV4I1009Journal For Research
DakNet, is an ad hoc network and an internet service planted on the applied science, which uses wireless technology to provide an asynchronous digital connectivity, it is the intermediate of wireless and asynchronous service that is the beginning of a technical way to universal broadband connectivity. The major process is it provides the broadband connectivity as wider. This paper broadly describes about the technology, architecture behind and its working principles.
Line following is one of the most important aspects of Robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. It will move in a particular direction Specified by the user and avoids the obstacle which is coming in the path. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robot that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. It is an integrated design from the knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. LDR sensors based line follower robot design and Fabrication procedure which always direct along the black mark on the white surface. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC motors to control the movements of the wheels.
The project is to ask college related queries and get the responses through a chatbot an Artificial Conversational Entity. This System is a web application which provides answer to the query of the student. Students just have to query through the bot which is used for chatting. Students can chat using any format there is no specific format the user has to follow. This system helps the student to be updated about the college activities.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO REDUCE INTRA CITY TRAFFIC AT COIMBATORE | J4RV4I1002Journal For Research
Coimbatore (11.0168°N,76.9558°E) is a fast developing cosmopolitan city with large number of industries and educational institutions. The development has lead to a large number of vehicles causing heavy traffic. The traffic congestion at Coimbatore has been a major problem which causes traffic jams and accidents. The major reason for traffic has been the mofussil buses that operate in the city. Around 1300 mofussil buses enter into the city, these buses play an important role in traffic congestion. The best solution is to construct a centralized bus stand at the outskirts of the city. This would reduce the traffic, accidents and also leads to development of the outskirts of the city. A suitable location near the city with sufficient road access to connecting cities has been chosen and the bus terminus has been designed, modeled with all facilities and features.
A REVIEW STUDY ON GAS-SOLID CYCLONE SEPARATOR USING LAPPLE MODEL | J4RV4I1001Journal For Research
Cyclone is the most commonly used device to separate dust particles from gas and dust flow. The performance of cyclone separator can be measured in terms of collection efficiency and pressure drop. Parameters like Inlet Flow velocity, the particle size distribution in feed, dimensions of inlet and outlet ducts and cyclone affects the performance of cyclone significantly. Various Mathematical models used for calculation of cut off diameter of separator, flow rate, target efficiency and no. of vortex inside the cyclone to design and study to check the performance of existing cyclone separator. Also new dimensions can be design with help of models. Here, in this study the efficiency achieved with Lapple model cumulatively 86.47%.
During past few years, brain tumor segmentation in CT has become an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. Brain tumor detection helps in finding the exact size and location of tumor. An efficient algorithm is proposed in this project for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Firstly quality of scanned image is enhanced and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image. The problem with biopsy is that the patient has to be hospitalized and also the results (around 15%) give false negative. Scan images are read by radiologist but it's a subjective analysis which requires more experience. In the proposed work we segment the renal region and then classify the tumors as benign or malignant by using ANFIS, which is a non-invasive automated process. This approach reduces the waiting time of the patient.
USE OF GALVANIZED STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY- CAR SURVEY RESULTS AT COASTAL A...Journal For Research
An extensive study of automotive body corrosion was conducted in Mumbai area to track corrosion performance of currently used materials of construction for automotive, especially cars with low end cost. The study consisted of a wide range of areas, starting from a closed car parking to several coastal and other humid regions such as Juhu Beach, Varsova beach and other adjoining areas. Data such as visible perforations, paint blisters, and surface rust were seen especially at vulnerable areas such as doors, mudguards, bonnet areas etc. Also, a comparison was done with low cost cars built with normal steel with those built using galvanized steels.
The main objective of our work is to deliver the goods at proper time by an unmanned drone. An Autonomous drone for delivering the goods such as bombs, medical kids, and foods mainly for military uses. This drone was used for dispatching the bombs and armed guns in battle field. And it is also used for delivering the medicines and foods for soldiers in our country borders.
SURVEY ON A MODERN MEDICARE SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS | J4RV3I12024Journal For Research
Since the population of the world is aging rapidly, how to provide appropriate health care to the elderly and unwell people becomes an important issue and draws high attention from medical, academic and industrial fields of the society. The Internet of Things (IoT) drives the evolution of the Internet and is regarded as a great potential to improve quality of life for the surging number of elderly people, significantly. As Android operating system gains immense popularity nowadays, it is a trend to make use of it for the wider access of IoT utility. This project presents a health monitoring system prototype based on IoT, with the increasing use of sensors by medical devices, remote and continuous monitoring of a patient’s health. This network of sensors and other mobile communication devices referred to as the Internet of Things for Medical Devices (IoT-MD), is poised to revolutionize the functioning of the healthcare industry. Untimed medicine administration can always show adverse effects on the health of the patients. The proposed system is designed to help these patients to take the required medicine in the right proportion at the right time. The basic ideology is integrating the principle of IoT with weight-based slot sensing on a normal pillbox. To make it more state-of-the-art, it is inbuilt with a Wi-Fi module for alerting the patient and also the chemist at the needed instant using IoT.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION
1. Journal for Research | Volume 02 | Issue 04 | June 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 63
Greenhouse Cultivation
Anju Dhir
Lecturer
Department of Microbiology
Shivalik Institute of Nursing Shimla
Abstract
The new techniques which are being innovated by the scientists in the field of agriculture if used wisely can improve the
otherwise poor economic status of farmers. The land for cultivation is slowly depleting as the land is being acquired by
Government for infra-structure build up, or is being sold by the owners due to poor financial state. The area of land which is
available for farming has to be used judiciously and recent tools and techniques needs to be employed, then only high yield could
be obtained and the economic condition of agriculturists could improve. The polyhouse technology of crop cultivation is proving
beneficial for the farmers. The success stories of polyhouse cultivation are many and still the number is counting.
Keywords: Polyhouses, urbanization, Green foods, fertigation, use of pesticides
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Why Do We Need It…
India which is also known as “land of farmers” mostly depends on traditional way of farming. The open air cultivation and
dependence on rain water for irrigation is inevitable. After economic liberalization in India, there has been rapid urbanization
with increase in infrastructures in every field of life including agriculture. Due to urbanization and health awareness among
people, there is increased requirement of high quality green food and demand of decorative flowers is always quite high in India.
These high quality Green Foods are used in hotels and by health conscious people. Without flowers no event is complete as these
are used generously at different occasions. Therefore good quality of flowers is always needed.
Another aspect which I would like to discuss is that the people living in big cities or in small cities too are turning towards
Yoga for health. This trend emerged when various health talks and health awareness programmes were shown to the public either
on idiot box or organized openly at various places. Thanks to Baba Ramdev and various health related channels on television like
Care World, people have become more conscious about their health. Now everyone wants to be healthy by doing Yoga, exercises
and eating good food that is rich in quality and is nutritious so that the large expenses on medical bills could be avoided. In the
fast growing world people have no time to waste in hospitals. This all demands good food and it comes from our farms.
In many parts of India Government Agencies have acquired the lands for building roads, even the big builders acquire land for
making flats, shopping malls, schools, hospitals, etc. which is a part of urbanization process anywhere in the world. But in this
building process many times agricultural land is also taken over or the farmers stop cultivation because of the lack of labor or
funds, poor economic condition may also contribute or they have turned landless due to some unavoidable reason. Moreover the
younger generation prefers to move to big cities in search of corporate jobs to improve their living standards instead of doing
farming in their own native places. This situation too does not leave any option before the land owner and they reluctantly or
willfully sell their lands. The result is that the land for farming is depleting very fast.
The climatic conditions are very different in our country and the crops are grown according to season. In adverse climatic
conditions like winters, especially in hilly areas, it is extremely difficult to grow crops of tomatoes, capsicum, French Beans etc.
in open field conditions -that is by traditional way of farming in harsh weather. So the protected structures like polyhouses serve
an environment to grow such crops when the season for their cultivation is not appropriate. The polyhouses give sheltered
environment and save from excessive cold or heat. The temperature in the polyhouse varies on the upper side by 5 degree with
the outside environment.
The polyhouse farming provides better income options to the farmers as it is giving very good results in a small area of land
in a short period of time and with less labor. It reduces dependency on rain water also and with optimum use of land area and
water resources a smart money could be generated.
What is Polyhouse Cultivation…
The polyhouse cultivation is supported by National Committee on Plasticulture Application in Horticulture (NCPAH), and the
Ministry of Agriculture is also promoting plasticulture applications (1). There has been increased use of technology, more
developed tools, manures, pesticides, quality seeds in the farms. This happened because of the emergence of young educated
class in the field of agriculture. This scenario has improved the economical status of farmers.
2. Greenhouse Cultivation
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The polyhouse is a sheltered place for growing crops. The plants are protected from the insects and diseases also by using
pesticides and insecticides. The environmental conditions are manipulated and healthy crop is obtained. Fertigation and drip
irrigation are one of the main requisites for polyhouse farming. These are two pillars of polyhouse farming.
FERTIGATION is the injection of fertilizers and other water soluble products into an irrigation system along with soil
amendments (2). Fertigation increases water and nutrient use efficiency in the plants. Fertigation is widely used in land scaping
and in commercial farming. It is used to add additional nutrients or to correct nutrient deficiencies in plants. For high value crops
like vegetables, fruit trees and ornamental crops the technique is a boon. The nutrients used in fertigation include anhydrous
ammonia, ammonium nitrate, phosphorus and potassium as bioavailable source of nutrition.
The benefits of fertigation include:
Increased nutrient absorption by plants, thereby reduction of fertilizers, chemicals and water needed to grow crops.
Reduced leaching of chemicals and water supply
Reduced water consumption due to the plant’s increased root mass ability to trap and hold water.
Application of nutrients can be controlled at precise time and rate
Minimized risk of roots getting soil born diseases through contaminated soil.
Reduction of soil erosion issues as the nutrients are pumped through the water drip system.
The polyhouse facilitates the cultivation of various crops under same space and the crop yield could be obtained throughout
year in all climatic conditions.
Production of off season crops brings higher income profits to the farmers. The farmers grow nurseries in polyhouses so
that disease free saplings could be obtained which otherwise cannot be grown in open fields.
The yield is also more and after plantation, nearly after one and half month’s duration the production is reared.
Disadvantages of fertigation system are;
Concentration of solution decreases as the fertilizer dissolves. This may lead to poor nutrient placement.
The water supply for fertigation is to be kept separate from domestic water supply as it may contaminate.
As this process is dependent on water supply so in drought hit areas it is under question.
DRIP IRRIGATION is a method of irrigation in a controlled slow application of water to soil over a long period of time
usually several hours. The pressure of water is kept low and water is supplied in the required area in early daylight hours. The
method is less wasteful than sprinklers. As the water is supplied at a continuous rate so fertilizers can be supplied at a constant
rate too.
Nutrient solution is applied in a calculated amount to each irrigation block so it is economical too. Use of drip irrigation in
case of rice crop which is main crop of our country has been utilised in Andhrapradesh. But it has limitations, as it cannot serve
as replacement of high rain fall or in areas with well developed traditional irrigation system.
To use fertigation and drip irrigation the farmers have to educated or they will revert to traditional methods in panic of loosing
yield of crops as was seen in Maharashtra where papaya farmers resorted to furrow irrigation to save crop in hot summer season.
Therefore right use of fertilizers and water should be known to the framers.
II. SUCCESS STORIES
A farmer can generate more profits due to polyhouse cultivation technique. In my native place a farmer who was also a milkman
turned into a prosperous farmer due to polyhouse farming. Mr. Ashok Kumar Verma who is residing in Shimla Hills started
polyhouse four years earlier. He planted ornamental flowers in beginning which were sent to capital cities in India. The flowers
were good in quality and were in great demand [even today they are in demand]. The farmer is getting online payment for his
yield which is very convenient for him. Slowly and gradually he started growing colored capsicum - yellow, red, green and
French beans. These are high value crops and are always in demand in the market. He transports these to various parts of our
country. He then cultivated Broccoli and tomatoes. The yield was obtained every fourth day.
The quality of the harvest is really appreciable. This is due to the fact that the crop is obtained from disease free saplings, the
pesticides are used when needed, fertigation and drip irrigation are followed in a covered environment of polyhouse. The same
has been seen in case of Minatai Visnu Jagtap who belongs to a village in Maharashtra (3). She too started with growing flowers
and turned to cultivate capsicum later. She followed fertigation after 45 Days of planting the saplings. Powdery mildew, downy
mildew and insect attack were looked from time to time so that the crop could be kept protected. Harvesting started after two
months of plantation and after every third day yield was obtained from the plants. The harvesting is to be done in morning as the
temperature is bearable at this time.
This farmer that is Minatai generated total income of 1.68 million rupees. After deducting the cost of manufacture and
expenses on maintenance of crop a net income of 1 million per acre was obtained.
The Negative Points about Polyhouse Farming:
There are a few negative points of polyhouse cultivation which needs to be mentioned,
Ground water contamination, fishery losses, loss of natural enemies and increased pesticide resistance
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The use of pesticides has been associated with global biodiversity loss and amphibian decline in the area (4).
Pesticides disrupt the natural mechanism of nitrogen fixation among leguminous plants, which is not good for maintaining
soil fertility (5).
Soil dehydration and loss of soil fertility.
The use of herbicides, fungicides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen fixing rhizobium species and other host plants.
III. CONCLUSION
With change in the living standards of people, their needs have also changed. Now they want value for their money and require
quality food. To cater the need of people the farmers grow those crops which remain in demand for the whole year like capsicum
and tomatoes.
Polyhouses are constructed with a point kept in mind to improve the financial status of a person and cultivate multiple crops
under same conditions and in same space. Production of off season crops means more money. It can be constructed in less rates
if the farmer is not able to bear the cost. Government subsidies prove a great help to the farmers. As the crop can be harvested
after one and half month after plantation, it can be sold in the market at high price. There are certain negative effects of this
technique like use of various types of pesticides etc., but if we see the profit that is brought by this technique of cultivation in
terms of variation in crop cultivation in the same area and environment, high yield of crop, and the profit being generated in the
form of money, we can certainly use this technique more and more for growing value crops. The area of land which is available
for farming if used wisely and recent tools and techniques are employed, then it can give high yield and improve the economical
condition of agriculturists. The polyhouse technology of crop cultivation is proving beneficial for the farmers. The success
stories of polyhouse cultivation are many and still the number is counting.
REFERENCES
[1] R. K. Yadav, P. Kalia, H. Chaudhary, Zakir Hussain and Brihamdev. ICARI. International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology. ISSN
2249-3050, Vol.5, NO. 3(2014), pp 191-196. http://www.ripublication.com.
[2] Methods of Fertigation Fact Sheet, Growcom Australia, Water for Profit, www.growcom.com.au.
[3] Fresh empowering India Agriculture, Food processing and Food safety. www.efreshindia.com-
[4] J. R. Rohr, A.M. Schotthoefer, T. R. Raffel, H. J. Corrick, N. Halstead, J. T. Hoverman, et al., “Agrochemicals increase trematode infections in declining
amphibians species”, (2008), vol. 455, pp. 1235-1239.
[5] J. E. Fax, J. Gulledge, E. Engelhaupt, M. E. Burrow and J. A. McLachlan. (2007). “Pesticides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen fixing Rhizobia and
host plants”, Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences 104: 10282-10287.