This study surveyed 659 subjects in India to examine the relationship between cellular phone use and headaches. It collected data on demographics, phone usage patterns, symptoms experienced, and safety awareness. The results showed that 32% of moderate phone users and 33% of low users reported headaches. Headache prevalence decreased with increased lifetime phone use. More literate users also reported fewer headaches. The study aims to help understand health risks and promote safe phone use.
Green Communication: An Approach to Reduce Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity f...Neeraj Kumar
This document provides an overview of green communication and reducing electromagnetic hypersensitivity from cellular phones. It discusses how cellular phones have revolutionized communication but their widespread use has also increased exposure to electromagnetic radiation. While international health authorities are working to provide safety measures, more research is still needed on potential health effects. The document reviews several human, behavioral, and cellular studies on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, some of which found sub-thermal effects but others found no effects. It also outlines common cellular communication systems and types of electromagnetic radiation.
RESEARCH REVIEW FOR POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN MOBILE PHONE REDIATION AND BRAI...ijitcs
The aim of this paper is to introduce a research review for the effect of Mobile phone radiation on human
health and the possible relation between Mobile phone radiation and brain tumor. Mobile phones become
increasingly prevalent throughout our society. In the year 2016, it was estimated that there were 4 billion
cellular phone users worldwide; the number is growing by one million every month in the US. The goal of
this paper is to give a brief overview and also discuss the biological effects of the exposure to mobile
phones radiation. Many effects have been reported with the use of mobile phones on human organisms due
to the exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Concerns about the links between using the mobile phones
and biological effects, in particular, the brain tumors have been under research. As the other radio signals
transmition devices, cellular phone emits radiofrequency energy, which can heat the brain tissues and
cause damage to the brain cells. But even mobile phones operates at power level below the level at which
such heating effects occur, long term exposure to low level RF from mobile phones could cause other types
of health effects, such as brain cancer, due to energy absorption in the brain tissues. Some human
biological experiments, such as Aly et al. 2014, Aly, et al. 2008 indicates, the average time for the human
cells to respond to the effect of RF radiation was approximately 2.5 min, Hardell et al.2002, and Repacholi
et al.1997 indicated increased risk with exposure to mobile phones radiation. The British Association
festival of science was told recently that using a mobile telephone mor
1) The document discusses the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones and cell phone towers on human health. It notes that continued use of mobile phones can increase health risks due to thermal and non-thermal effects.
2) Thermal effects occur as electromagnetic waves from mobile phones are absorbed by human tissues, causing heating. This can raise local temperatures, especially near the head and brain where phones are often used. Non-thermal effects involve low-frequency pulsing of cell phone signals disrupting normal cell functions.
3) The document recommends that people keep away from cell phone towers and limit mobile phone use to reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation, which some studies have linked to increased health risks from long-term
This document discusses the safety of cellphone radiation based on photon energy levels. It makes three key points:
1) Cellphones operate in the classical wave limit of high photon densities, not the single photon limit, so the energy of individual photons is irrelevant to safety.
2) The photon flux from cellphones is many orders of magnitude greater than levels that have produced biological effects in studies. Effects could result from coherent photon energies combining to do work inside cells.
3) Estimates suggest exposure levels above 30pW/m^2 could produce biological damage, whereas cellphones typically emit hundreds of V/m, exceeding considered "safe" levels for large neurons. Many studies have found health effects from
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), based on limited evidence that heavy use of wireless phones can increase the risk of glioma, a type of brain cancer. A recent review by a working group of 31 scientists found limited evidence of increased cancer risk among long-term heavy users of mobile phones. They recommended further research on long-term, heavy use of mobile phones and measures to reduce exposure such as hands-free devices or texting.
measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possibl...Anax_Fotopoulos
"Measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possible impact to our lige",P.H. Yannakopoulos, A.A. Fotopoulos, D.Katsigiannopoulos, St. Katsikakis. , International Scientific Conference eRA-5, Technological Educational Instistute of Piraeus,2010, Athens, Greece.
This document introduces the background and problem statement for a study on the environmental health impacts of base transceiver stations (BTS) in Lagos, Nigeria. It discusses the partial deregulation of telecommunications in Nigeria in 1996 and full liberalization in 2000. It then notes concerns about potential health effects from electromagnetic radiation emitted by BTS towers. While some studies have found little evidence of health impacts, others have reported increased rates of symptoms like headaches and cancer among those living near towers. The study aims to examine BTS locations, environmental characteristics, prevalent health challenges, and public perceptions in Lagos to understand these issues further and mitigate any risks. It poses two hypotheses around differences in health impacts and relationships between distances from BTS and
Green Communication: An Approach to Reduce Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity f...Neeraj Kumar
This document provides an overview of green communication and reducing electromagnetic hypersensitivity from cellular phones. It discusses how cellular phones have revolutionized communication but their widespread use has also increased exposure to electromagnetic radiation. While international health authorities are working to provide safety measures, more research is still needed on potential health effects. The document reviews several human, behavioral, and cellular studies on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, some of which found sub-thermal effects but others found no effects. It also outlines common cellular communication systems and types of electromagnetic radiation.
RESEARCH REVIEW FOR POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN MOBILE PHONE REDIATION AND BRAI...ijitcs
The aim of this paper is to introduce a research review for the effect of Mobile phone radiation on human
health and the possible relation between Mobile phone radiation and brain tumor. Mobile phones become
increasingly prevalent throughout our society. In the year 2016, it was estimated that there were 4 billion
cellular phone users worldwide; the number is growing by one million every month in the US. The goal of
this paper is to give a brief overview and also discuss the biological effects of the exposure to mobile
phones radiation. Many effects have been reported with the use of mobile phones on human organisms due
to the exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Concerns about the links between using the mobile phones
and biological effects, in particular, the brain tumors have been under research. As the other radio signals
transmition devices, cellular phone emits radiofrequency energy, which can heat the brain tissues and
cause damage to the brain cells. But even mobile phones operates at power level below the level at which
such heating effects occur, long term exposure to low level RF from mobile phones could cause other types
of health effects, such as brain cancer, due to energy absorption in the brain tissues. Some human
biological experiments, such as Aly et al. 2014, Aly, et al. 2008 indicates, the average time for the human
cells to respond to the effect of RF radiation was approximately 2.5 min, Hardell et al.2002, and Repacholi
et al.1997 indicated increased risk with exposure to mobile phones radiation. The British Association
festival of science was told recently that using a mobile telephone mor
1) The document discusses the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones and cell phone towers on human health. It notes that continued use of mobile phones can increase health risks due to thermal and non-thermal effects.
2) Thermal effects occur as electromagnetic waves from mobile phones are absorbed by human tissues, causing heating. This can raise local temperatures, especially near the head and brain where phones are often used. Non-thermal effects involve low-frequency pulsing of cell phone signals disrupting normal cell functions.
3) The document recommends that people keep away from cell phone towers and limit mobile phone use to reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation, which some studies have linked to increased health risks from long-term
This document discusses the safety of cellphone radiation based on photon energy levels. It makes three key points:
1) Cellphones operate in the classical wave limit of high photon densities, not the single photon limit, so the energy of individual photons is irrelevant to safety.
2) The photon flux from cellphones is many orders of magnitude greater than levels that have produced biological effects in studies. Effects could result from coherent photon energies combining to do work inside cells.
3) Estimates suggest exposure levels above 30pW/m^2 could produce biological damage, whereas cellphones typically emit hundreds of V/m, exceeding considered "safe" levels for large neurons. Many studies have found health effects from
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), based on limited evidence that heavy use of wireless phones can increase the risk of glioma, a type of brain cancer. A recent review by a working group of 31 scientists found limited evidence of increased cancer risk among long-term heavy users of mobile phones. They recommended further research on long-term, heavy use of mobile phones and measures to reduce exposure such as hands-free devices or texting.
measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possibl...Anax_Fotopoulos
"Measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possible impact to our lige",P.H. Yannakopoulos, A.A. Fotopoulos, D.Katsigiannopoulos, St. Katsikakis. , International Scientific Conference eRA-5, Technological Educational Instistute of Piraeus,2010, Athens, Greece.
This document introduces the background and problem statement for a study on the environmental health impacts of base transceiver stations (BTS) in Lagos, Nigeria. It discusses the partial deregulation of telecommunications in Nigeria in 1996 and full liberalization in 2000. It then notes concerns about potential health effects from electromagnetic radiation emitted by BTS towers. While some studies have found little evidence of health impacts, others have reported increased rates of symptoms like headaches and cancer among those living near towers. The study aims to examine BTS locations, environmental characteristics, prevalent health challenges, and public perceptions in Lagos to understand these issues further and mitigate any risks. It poses two hypotheses around differences in health impacts and relationships between distances from BTS and
This document summarizes research on the effects of mobile phone radiation on human health. It discusses two main mobile phone technologies (GSM and CDMA) and their different operating frequencies and power levels. Studies show that GSM radiation has a larger effect on the brain than CDMA, as measured by electroencephalograms of volunteers. While some studies link mobile phone radiation to health issues like genetic damage and tumors, the evidence is still inconclusive. More research is still needed to understand potential long-term risks of heavy mobile phone use.
A presentation on hazards of cell phoneskalyanikatta
This document discusses the health hazards of cell phone towers. It begins by explaining how cell phone towers work by transmitting electromagnetic radiation between phones and towers. It then discusses the types of radiation emitted and how exposure occurs near towers. Studies have found higher cancer rates in those living near towers. While the radiation is currently not classified as carcinogenic, long term effects are still unknown. The document recommends limiting phone use, especially for children, and using headsets to reduce exposure. It concludes that more research is still needed but precautions are advisable.
Environment represents all physical, chemical, biological, behavioral and socioeconomic factors surrounding humans. Factors like domestic appliances, cosmetics, food, smoking, stress, alcohol and modern gadgets influence lifestyle. Exposure to electromagnetic fields from sources like power lines, mobile phones, WiFi etc. can potentially impact human health through thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. More research is still needed to fully understand the health effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure.
A Model for Monitoring GSM Base Station Radiation Safety in NigeriaIJERA Editor
A guideline for measuring the radio frequency (RF) emissions from the base transceiver stations deployed by Global System Mobile Communications operators in Nigeria is proposed. The guide includes the procedures for measuring the emitted RF power and for determining whether or not the emission exceeds the maximum permissible limits in Nigeria airspace.
Mobile phone radiation has potential health impacts according to studies. Research shows mobile phone radiation may cause behavioral issues in children, reduce male fertility, and impact the nervous system by altering brain activity and neurotransmitter release. Studies also link mobile phone radiation to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and reduced motility in human sperm. Further research on health effects of mobile phone towers found increased cancer rates and other illnesses like fatigue and sleep problems in people living near towers.
The document discusses the negative environmental and health impacts of increasing cell phone and cell tower use. It notes that unused cell phones contribute greatly to e-waste, and that cell phones and towers emit toxic heavy metals and radiation that can damage human health, wildlife populations, and the environment. Specific concerns raised include brain damage, early-onset Alzheimer's, DNA damage from radiation exposure, declining bird populations due to interference with navigation, and potential links to colony collapse disorder in bees. The document calls for reducing radiation exposure through lower tower emissions, public education on safe phone use, and relocating towers away from populated areas.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
This document summarizes the human and environmental impacts of common cell phones. It discusses the health effects of radiation from cell phones, including potential links to brain cancer, DNA damage, and other issues. It also examines specific absorption rates (SAR) as a measure of radiation absorbed by the body from phones. Near-field radiation from phones held close to the head is identified as particularly hazardous. The document also discusses the toxic materials in phone components and waste, and problems with unsustainable waste management. Recommendations are provided to reduce radiation exposure and promote safer waste disposal.
The document summarizes research on the potential health effects of mobile phone use. It discusses several studies that have investigated links between mobile phone use and brain tumors or cognitive effects. While some research has found increased tumor risks with long-term mobile phone use, other studies have not found a causal relationship between use and cancer. Studies on cognitive effects have also shown mixed results, with some finding declines in memory, attention and learning associated with radio frequency exposure, while others found no effects. The document outlines the methodology and conclusions of several such epidemiological and case-control studies, noting that the scientific community has yet to reach a definite consensus on the health impacts of mobile phone use.
Wi fi technology - an uncontrolled global experiment on the health of mankind...Marc Manthey
- Wi-Fi technology and other wireless communications have led to unprecedented global exposure of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), but there are no standards or regulations regarding potential health risks.
- 7 billion people worldwide are exposed to an unknown spectrum of EMFs from sources like mobile phones, base stations, satellites, and Wi-Fi with no criteria established for hazards, no monitoring, and no research on health effects.
- Children are of particular concern since their brains are still developing and they are using more electronic/wireless devices, but the impacts of EMF exposure on health are complex and long-term effects are unknown.
Wireless routers – as well as Bluetooth and similar wireless systems – give off electromagnetic radiation in the low-igahertz frequency.This level is considered potentially dangerous to people. And the danger is
compounded by several factors:
Just like the wireless signals themselves, the EMFs can pass through walls.
Most routers are not turned off at night, so you are exposed 24/7.
You are not only exposed to EMFs from your own router. Did you ever search for a wireless signal and see not only your wireless network, but also your neighbor’s and the one from the business down the street? All of them emit EMFs.
Scientists and researchers are uncovering the health risks of EMFs. Depending on the level and the length of exposure,
Those risks can range from insomnia and headaches to tumors.
The Surevy on difference HP 4530S laptab with SONY Z2 smart phone in Meghnati...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Review adverse effects on environment due to cell tower radiation (microwa...Nripesh Gupta
This paper tells u about the adverse effects on enviornment and human being due to cell tower radiation and what are different ways i.e governmental and basic ways to minimize the radiation.
This document provides an overview of building biology and electrobiology. It discusses how modern environmental factors can impact health and introduces the Institute for Building Biology & Ecology, which facilitates information sharing on building healthy living and work spaces. The document then summarizes various sources of electromagnetic radiation in the built environment, including power systems, wireless technologies, and dirty electricity from electronics. It discusses the science of epidemiology and reviews some research on the health effects of electromagnetic fields and radiation. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of studying electrobiology to understand how current environmental exposures may differ from historical human experience and recommends prudent avoidance of technologies that can negatively impact health.
This document provides summaries of various studies on the health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radiofrequency (RF) radiation from sources like mobile phones, mobile phone base stations, and wireless internet routers. It summarizes 12 studies from 2011-2012 investigating topics like the impact of EMF on melatonin levels, DNA damage, cognitive performance, stress and sleep, fertility and sperm health, and brain tumor risk in children. The studies were conducted in several countries and investigated biological effects in humans and animals as well as epidemiological associations with mobile phone use.
EWER: “ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EXPOSURE REDUCTION” SERVICE FOR SENSITIVE USERS W...IJCNCJournal
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology and the ever-increasing demand in every field, wireless sensor networks are emerging as a necessary scientific achievement to meet the demand of human in modern society. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed to help us not lose too much energy, workforce, avoid danger and they bring high efficiency to work. Various routing protocols are being used to increase the energy efficiency of the network, with two distinct types of protocols, homogenous and heterogeneous. In these two protocols, the SEP (Stable Election Protocol) is one of the most effective heterogeneous protocols which increase the stability of the network. In this paper, we propose an approaching the εFCM algorithm in clustering the SEP protocol which makes the WSN network more energy efficient. The simulation results showed that the SEP-εFCM proposed protocol performed better than the conventional SEP protocol
This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of cell phone radiation exposure on buccal mucosa cells. Sixty male cell phone users who used their phones for 3-9 hours per day were divided into groups based on addiction habits and call duration. Their buccal cells were analyzed and compared to a control group of 60 males with less than 1 hour of daily exposure. Various cell anomalies including micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pyknotic cells were significantly higher in frequency in the exposed groups compared to controls. Frequency of anomalies was also significantly higher in addiction groups and groups with longer call durations, suggesting greater radiation exposure results in more DNA and cellular damage. The results imply health risks including cancer may increase with prolonged cell phone
This document summarizes research on the effects of mobile phone radiation on human health. It discusses two main mobile phone technologies (GSM and CDMA) and their different operating frequencies and power levels. Studies show that GSM radiation has a larger effect on the brain than CDMA, as measured by electroencephalograms of volunteers. While some studies link mobile phone radiation to health issues like genetic damage and tumors, the evidence is still inconclusive. More research is still needed to understand potential long-term risks of heavy mobile phone use.
A presentation on hazards of cell phoneskalyanikatta
This document discusses the health hazards of cell phone towers. It begins by explaining how cell phone towers work by transmitting electromagnetic radiation between phones and towers. It then discusses the types of radiation emitted and how exposure occurs near towers. Studies have found higher cancer rates in those living near towers. While the radiation is currently not classified as carcinogenic, long term effects are still unknown. The document recommends limiting phone use, especially for children, and using headsets to reduce exposure. It concludes that more research is still needed but precautions are advisable.
Environment represents all physical, chemical, biological, behavioral and socioeconomic factors surrounding humans. Factors like domestic appliances, cosmetics, food, smoking, stress, alcohol and modern gadgets influence lifestyle. Exposure to electromagnetic fields from sources like power lines, mobile phones, WiFi etc. can potentially impact human health through thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. More research is still needed to fully understand the health effects of electromagnetic radiation exposure.
A Model for Monitoring GSM Base Station Radiation Safety in NigeriaIJERA Editor
A guideline for measuring the radio frequency (RF) emissions from the base transceiver stations deployed by Global System Mobile Communications operators in Nigeria is proposed. The guide includes the procedures for measuring the emitted RF power and for determining whether or not the emission exceeds the maximum permissible limits in Nigeria airspace.
Mobile phone radiation has potential health impacts according to studies. Research shows mobile phone radiation may cause behavioral issues in children, reduce male fertility, and impact the nervous system by altering brain activity and neurotransmitter release. Studies also link mobile phone radiation to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and reduced motility in human sperm. Further research on health effects of mobile phone towers found increased cancer rates and other illnesses like fatigue and sleep problems in people living near towers.
The document discusses the negative environmental and health impacts of increasing cell phone and cell tower use. It notes that unused cell phones contribute greatly to e-waste, and that cell phones and towers emit toxic heavy metals and radiation that can damage human health, wildlife populations, and the environment. Specific concerns raised include brain damage, early-onset Alzheimer's, DNA damage from radiation exposure, declining bird populations due to interference with navigation, and potential links to colony collapse disorder in bees. The document calls for reducing radiation exposure through lower tower emissions, public education on safe phone use, and relocating towers away from populated areas.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
This document summarizes the human and environmental impacts of common cell phones. It discusses the health effects of radiation from cell phones, including potential links to brain cancer, DNA damage, and other issues. It also examines specific absorption rates (SAR) as a measure of radiation absorbed by the body from phones. Near-field radiation from phones held close to the head is identified as particularly hazardous. The document also discusses the toxic materials in phone components and waste, and problems with unsustainable waste management. Recommendations are provided to reduce radiation exposure and promote safer waste disposal.
The document summarizes research on the potential health effects of mobile phone use. It discusses several studies that have investigated links between mobile phone use and brain tumors or cognitive effects. While some research has found increased tumor risks with long-term mobile phone use, other studies have not found a causal relationship between use and cancer. Studies on cognitive effects have also shown mixed results, with some finding declines in memory, attention and learning associated with radio frequency exposure, while others found no effects. The document outlines the methodology and conclusions of several such epidemiological and case-control studies, noting that the scientific community has yet to reach a definite consensus on the health impacts of mobile phone use.
Wi fi technology - an uncontrolled global experiment on the health of mankind...Marc Manthey
- Wi-Fi technology and other wireless communications have led to unprecedented global exposure of electromagnetic fields (EMFs), but there are no standards or regulations regarding potential health risks.
- 7 billion people worldwide are exposed to an unknown spectrum of EMFs from sources like mobile phones, base stations, satellites, and Wi-Fi with no criteria established for hazards, no monitoring, and no research on health effects.
- Children are of particular concern since their brains are still developing and they are using more electronic/wireless devices, but the impacts of EMF exposure on health are complex and long-term effects are unknown.
Wireless routers – as well as Bluetooth and similar wireless systems – give off electromagnetic radiation in the low-igahertz frequency.This level is considered potentially dangerous to people. And the danger is
compounded by several factors:
Just like the wireless signals themselves, the EMFs can pass through walls.
Most routers are not turned off at night, so you are exposed 24/7.
You are not only exposed to EMFs from your own router. Did you ever search for a wireless signal and see not only your wireless network, but also your neighbor’s and the one from the business down the street? All of them emit EMFs.
Scientists and researchers are uncovering the health risks of EMFs. Depending on the level and the length of exposure,
Those risks can range from insomnia and headaches to tumors.
The Surevy on difference HP 4530S laptab with SONY Z2 smart phone in Meghnati...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Review adverse effects on environment due to cell tower radiation (microwa...Nripesh Gupta
This paper tells u about the adverse effects on enviornment and human being due to cell tower radiation and what are different ways i.e governmental and basic ways to minimize the radiation.
This document provides an overview of building biology and electrobiology. It discusses how modern environmental factors can impact health and introduces the Institute for Building Biology & Ecology, which facilitates information sharing on building healthy living and work spaces. The document then summarizes various sources of electromagnetic radiation in the built environment, including power systems, wireless technologies, and dirty electricity from electronics. It discusses the science of epidemiology and reviews some research on the health effects of electromagnetic fields and radiation. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of studying electrobiology to understand how current environmental exposures may differ from historical human experience and recommends prudent avoidance of technologies that can negatively impact health.
This document provides summaries of various studies on the health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radiofrequency (RF) radiation from sources like mobile phones, mobile phone base stations, and wireless internet routers. It summarizes 12 studies from 2011-2012 investigating topics like the impact of EMF on melatonin levels, DNA damage, cognitive performance, stress and sleep, fertility and sperm health, and brain tumor risk in children. The studies were conducted in several countries and investigated biological effects in humans and animals as well as epidemiological associations with mobile phone use.
EWER: “ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EXPOSURE REDUCTION” SERVICE FOR SENSITIVE USERS W...IJCNCJournal
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology and the ever-increasing demand in every field, wireless sensor networks are emerging as a necessary scientific achievement to meet the demand of human in modern society. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is designed to help us not lose too much energy, workforce, avoid danger and they bring high efficiency to work. Various routing protocols are being used to increase the energy efficiency of the network, with two distinct types of protocols, homogenous and heterogeneous. In these two protocols, the SEP (Stable Election Protocol) is one of the most effective heterogeneous protocols which increase the stability of the network. In this paper, we propose an approaching the εFCM algorithm in clustering the SEP protocol which makes the WSN network more energy efficient. The simulation results showed that the SEP-εFCM proposed protocol performed better than the conventional SEP protocol
This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of cell phone radiation exposure on buccal mucosa cells. Sixty male cell phone users who used their phones for 3-9 hours per day were divided into groups based on addiction habits and call duration. Their buccal cells were analyzed and compared to a control group of 60 males with less than 1 hour of daily exposure. Various cell anomalies including micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pyknotic cells were significantly higher in frequency in the exposed groups compared to controls. Frequency of anomalies was also significantly higher in addiction groups and groups with longer call durations, suggesting greater radiation exposure results in more DNA and cellular damage. The results imply health risks including cancer may increase with prolonged cell phone
The document discusses the global problem of radiation from technology and its health effects. It defines electrosmog as non-ionizing radiation from wireless devices, computers, and other electronics. Both short-term and long-term exposure can impact health, increasing risks of cancers, mental illnesses, and other chronic diseases. The International Society for Electrosmog Research conducts studies on the reasons for and effects of electrosmog on people, animals, and the environment. New technologies aim to protect against radiation from various electromagnetic sources.
This review paper summarizes research on the effects of cell phone electromagnetic radiation exposure on the brain. Several studies found associations between long-term cell phone use (>10 years) and brain tumor development, especially on the side of the head most used. Exposure has been shown to up-regulate cell death pathways in neurons and affect neural function in humans. It may also cause oxidative damage to neuronal mitochondrial DNA and alter blood-brain barrier permeability. Additionally, cell phone radiation was found to change the oxygen affinity and structure of hemoglobin as well as disrupt inter-hemispheric brain synchronization. While some studies found no effects, overall the review indicates that cell phone use may pose brain-related health risks.
The document discusses the health effects of non-ionizing radiation, or "electrosmog", which is produced by various modern technologies and electrical devices. It states that intensive non-ionizing radiation is undisputedly harmful, but that biological effects may also occur from exposure to levels below international safety limits. In particular, some studies have found a possible increased risk of leukemia in children exposed to magnetic fields over 0.4 microtesla for long periods. The document also notes that while thermal effects from high-frequency radiation are known, more research is still needed to understand potential non-thermal health impacts at lower exposure levels. Overall, the document aims to provide factual information on electrosmog and health risks while acknowledging existing uncertainties.
The document discusses electrosmog (non-ionizing radiation) and its effects on health. It describes how electricity supply systems, appliances, and wireless technologies generate electrosmog. While intensive exposure is known to be harmful, some biological effects may also occur from exposure below international limits. The document aims to objectively describe current research findings on health impacts and suggest ways to reduce personal exposure.
The document discusses the dangers of electromagnetic radiation exposure from wireless technologies like cell phones, WiFi, and baby monitors. It notes that scientific evidence points to increased brain tumor risk after 10 years of cell phone use. Exposure to wireless radiation is considered biologically active and studies have found cumulative effects from repeated exposure. The risks are greater for children due to their developing bodies and thinner skull bones that allow for deeper radiation penetration. The document urges parents to take action to protect their children from these risks.
This document discusses nanotechnology based flexible electronics. Flexible electronics uses nanomaterials to create electronic devices on flexible plastic substrates, making electronics lighter, cheaper to produce, and able to conform to non-flat surfaces. Potential applications include wearable devices, biomedical uses, and compact portable devices. Flexible electronics is still developing and promises to revolutionize many industries through its low costs and novel form factors compared to traditional lithographic chips. Research is being done into using nanomaterials like graphene for flexible sensors, displays, and other electronics.
Measuring the EMF of various widely used electronic devices and their possibl...Anax Fotopoulos
The document discusses electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements of various mobile phones and wireless devices. It finds that EMF levels vary depending on the device and distance from the body, with some mobile phones measuring over 1800 mW/m2 when in contact. While low-level EMF exposure is not clearly linked to health issues, concerns have been raised about possible long-term effects of cumulative radiation exposure from numerous wireless sources. More research is still needed to fully understand health impacts.
A STUDY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EFFECTS FROM MOBILE PHONE BASE STATIONS ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effects of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone base stations on human health. It discusses studies that have examined effects on body temperature, neurobehavioral disorders, and cancer incidence. While some early studies found associations between electromagnetic radiation exposure and certain health symptoms, more recent reviews and epidemiological studies have found no evidence that daily exposure levels pose health risks. However, few studies have looked at long-term or child health effects. Overall, the research to date has not found that typical exposures from base stations cause adverse health impacts.
Assessment Of Electromagnetic Radiation Effects And Safety Issues Of GSM-900 ...Maria Perkins
The document presents the results of a study that measured electromagnetic radiation from GSM mobile phone base stations in Akure, Nigeria. Radiation measurements were taken from 5-50 meters away from base stations operated by four major cellular providers in Nigeria. The results showed that:
1) Across all base station operators and distances measured, the average radiation levels were approximately 0.002-0.0003% of international safety standards, indicating no significant health risks.
2) Radiation levels decreased with increasing distance from base stations but did not correlate directly with operating frequency.
3) The study found radiation exposures from GSM networks in Akure to be safe and within international safety guidelines based on short, medium, and long-term
Cellular Telephone Use & the Risk of Brain Tumors.GhaYooruL
The document summarizes research on the potential health risks of cellular phone use and radiation. It discusses the history of phones and radiation types. It describes studies that found no significant association between phone use and brain tumors overall, though slightly higher risks were found for tumors in parts of the brain near phone use. The document recommends reducing phone use near the head, especially for children, and choosing phones with lower radiation absorption.
This document discusses the effects of electromagnetic radiation from electronic devices on humans and the environment. It begins by introducing the sources of electromagnetic radiation like cell phones, computers, microwave ovens, and electrical appliances. It then discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and how radiation is classified. The document outlines some biological effects of non-ionizing radiation like DNA damage, risk to children, and increased cancer risk. It also discusses effects on farm animals and birds like decreased milk production in cows and interference with bird navigation. The document concludes by discussing safe radiation limits in terms of Specific Absorption Rate.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Assessment of electromagnetic radiations from communication transmission towe...eSAT Journals
Abstract The effects of exposure from electromagnetic radiations of wireless cellular transmission towers to human health have attracted the attention of many researchers. Different works have revealed the harmful of electromagnetic radiation exposure to human health based on distance from the source and period of exposure. As one stays closer and at a pro-longed period from the transmission sites, the possibility of being affected by the radiation source becomes higher. In this work, we review some of the works on assessment of electromagnetic radiation exposure and propose measures for determining safety zones based on the cases of cellular transmission towers in the Tanzania environment to avoid extended exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Key words- Cellular transmission towers; Electromagnetic radiations; Health effects; Exposure limits
REVIEWS
Review: Weak radiofrequency radiation exposure from mobile phone radiation
on plants
Malka N. Halgamuge
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this article was to explore the hypothesis that non-thermal, weak, radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have an effect on living plants. Subject and methods: In this study,
we performed an analysis of the data extracted from the 45 peer-reviewed scientific publications
(1996–2016) describing 169 experimental observations to detect the physiological and morpho-
logical changes in plants due to the non-thermal RF-EMF effects from mobile phone radiation.
Twenty-nine different species of plants were considered in this work. Results: Our analysis
demonstrates that the data from a substantial amount of the studies on RF-EMFs from mobile
phones show physiological and/or morphological effects (89.9%, p < 0.001). Additionally, our
analysis of the results from these reported studies demonstrates that the maize, roselle, pea,
fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions and mungbean plants seem to be very sensitive to RF-
EMFs. Our findings also suggest that plants seem to be more responsive to certain frequencies,
especially the frequencies between (i) 800 and 1500 MHz (p < 0.0001), (ii) 1500 and 2400 MHz (p <
0.0001) and (iii) 3500 and 8000 MHz (p = 0.0161). Conclusion: The available literature on the effect
of RF-EMFs on plants to date observed the significant trend of radiofrequency radiation influence
on plants. Hence, this study provides new evidence supporting our hypothesis. Nonetheless, this
endorses the need for more experiments to observe the effects of RF-EMFs, especially for the
longer exposure durations, using the whole organisms. The above observation agrees with our
earlier study, in that it supported that it is not a well-grounded method to characterize biological
effects without considering the exposure duration. Nevertheless, none of these findings can be
directly associated with human; however, on the other hand, this cannot be excluded, as it can
impact the human welfare and health, either directly or indirectly, due to their complexity and
varied effects (calcium metabolism, stress proteins, etc.). This study should be useful as a reference
for researchers conducting epidemiological studies and the long-term experiments, using whole
organisms, to observe the effects of RF-EMFs.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received 6 May 2016
Accepted 1 August 2016
KEYWORDS
Base station; mobile phones;
physiological and
morphological changes;
plant growth; plants;
radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields;
RF-EMF
Introduction
The number of mobile phones users was increased from
about 2.2 to 5.9 billion between 2005 and -2011 (Key global
telecom indicators, 2012). Approximately four mobile
phone service providers exist in a given geographical area
(Hyland, 2005). Consequently, the number of base stations
was al.
This aim of this paper is to investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in a human head by
using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations, due to exposure to EMF radiation from a
mobile phone at frequencies 900 MHz Mobile Phone model with a λ/2 monopole antenna and a hand head
phone model dimensions are 100 mm x 50 mm x 20 mm. The head model used is a sphere with a diameter
of 18 cm. The FDTD grid size used in the computation was 2.5 mm. The distance between the antenna and
head was 5 mm. To simplify the FDTD simulation, the SAR in the head was calculated without the effect of
the human body. It was found that the SAR induced in the head decreases with the distance from the
radiating source.
Energize by Altering Your ConnectednessLois Borner
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1. Green Communication:
A Stipulation to Reduce
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity from
Cellular Phone
BBA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW
by
NEERAJ KUMAR
RA-UPCST (Young Scientist Scm.)
Email: neerajmtech@gmail.com
2. GREEN COMMUNICATION…???
An approach to minimize the defects
or risk associated to
communication
systems,
RF devices,
networks
and Mobile
phones etc.
Wireless
Networking
System
Engineering
Mobile
Computing
Electronic
Engineering
3. To approach over the stimulation
of Green Communication against
to electromagnetic Hypersensitivity
from Cellular Phones
4. TheCellular
communication
technologies have played
an imperative role in
making life pattern
comfortable and
improving quality of life.
Cellular phones have
revolutionized the modern
age of communication.
But appropriate usages of
the modern appliances
should encourage and
awareness on injudicious
usage should also
disseminate to regulate
its ill effects.….
5. Cellular phone are now widely used by the majority of the
adults, teenagers and even the children using them out of
curiosity and interest. In the world billions of user are
subscribing and daily they exposed trough the Cellular
phone radiation.
India is one of the fastest growing cellphone subscribers
in the world
Above 86 crore cellular phone are subscribed in India.
Cellular phones have been introduced without full
provision of information about physics & nature of
system. No prior discussions were made within the
scientific speculations about its possible consequences
for human health.
International Authorities WHO, FCC, IEEE etc. are
continue approaching to provide safety measures for
cellular phone usage
6. Human Studies
[Y] Sub-thermal EM effects were found (not necessarily at significant levels).
[N] The black indicates that no EM effects were found.
Interphone study-
Meningioma and mobile phone use—a collaborative case-control study in
five North European countries
A Lahkola et al; International Journal of Epidemiology. Advance Access
published August 2, 2008
1 STUK – Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland.
2 Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
3 Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
4 Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen,
Denmark.
5 Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
6 Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, The Cancer Registry of Norway,
Oslo, Norway.
7 Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway.
[Y] Acute mobile phone effects on pre-attentive operation. apageorgiou CC,
Nanou ED, Tsiafakis VG, Kapareliotis E, Kontoangelos KA, Capsalis CN,
Rabavilas AD, Soldatos CR.
Neurosci Lett. Jan 4; 2006
[N] Does acute exposure to mobile phones affect human attention?
Russo R, Fox E, Cinel C, Boldini A, Defeyter MA, Mirshekar-Syahkal D, Mehta A
Bioelectromagnetics. Nov 22; 2005
[Y] Subjective symptoms related to mobile phone use.
Szyjkowska A, Bortkiewicz A, Szymczak W, Makowiec-Dabrowska T.
Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 19(112):529-532, 2005
[N] Electromagnetic field emitted by 902 MHz mobile phones shows no
effects on children's cognitive function.
Haarala C, Bergman M, Laine M, Revonsuo A, Koivisto M, Hamalainen H
Bioelectromagnetics. Jul 29; 2005
[Y] Effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular telephones on
the cognitive functions of humans.
Eliyahu I, Luria R, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Meiran N, Shani G
Bioelectromagnetics. Nov 22; 2005
[N] Influence on the mechanisms of generation of distortion product
otoacoustic emissions of mobile phone exposure.
Parazzini M, Bell S, Thuroczy G, Molnar F, Tognola G, Lutman ME, Ravazzani
P.
Hear Res. Jul 26 2005
[Y] Psychophysiological tests and provocation of subjects with mobile
phone related symptoms. Wilen J, Johansson A, Kalezic N, Lyskov E,
Sandstrom M. Bioelectromagnetics. Nov 22; 2005
[N] Investigation of potential effects of cellular phones on human auditory
function by means of distortion product otoacoustic emissions.
Janssen T, Boege P, von Mikusch-Buchberg J, Raczek J.
J Acoust Soc Am. 117(3 Pt 1):1241-1247, 2005
[Y] The effect of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on
human sleep. Loughran SP, Wood AW, Barton JM, Croft RJ, Thompson B,
Stough C. Neuroreport. 16(17):1973-1976, 2005
7. Studies on Behaviour
[Y] Sub-thermal EM effects were found (not necessarily at significant levels).
[N] The black indicates that no EM effects were found.
[Y] Acute mobile phone effects on pre-attentive operation.
Papageorgiou CC, Nanou ED, Tsiafakis VG, Kapareliotis E, Kontoangelos
KA, Capsalis CN, Rabavilas AD, Soldatos CR.
Neurosci Lett. Jan 4; 2006
[N] Whole-body exposure to 2.45GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter 12-
arm radial-maze with reduced access to spatial cues in rats.
Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC.
Behav Brain Res. 161(2):331-334, 2005
[Y] Effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular telephones
on the cognitive functions of humans.
Eliyahu I, Luria R, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Meiran N, Shani G
Bioelectromagnetics. Nov 22; 2005
N] Hands-free mobile phone conversation impairs the peripheral visual system
to an extent comparable to an alcohol level of 4-5 g 100 ml.
Langer P, Holzner B, Magnet W, Kopp M
Hum Psychopharmacol. 20(1):65-66, 2005
[Y] The effect of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on
human sleep.
Loughran SP, Wood AW, Barton JM, Croft RJ, Thompson B, Stough C.
Neuroreport. 16(17):1973-1976, 2005
[N] Effects of chronic exposure of electromagnetic fields from mobile phones
on hearing in rats.
Kizilay A, Ozturan O, Erdem T, Tayyar Kalcioglu M, Cem Miman M
Auris Nasus Larynx. 30(3):239-245, 2003
Studies on General Cellular Functions
[Y] Sub-thermal EM effects were found (not necessarily at significant levels).
[N] The black indicates that no EM effects were found.
[Y] Free Radical Release and HSP70 Expression in Two Human Immune-
Relevant Cell Lines after Exposure to 1800 MHz RFR.
Lantow M, Schuderer J, Hartwig C, Simko M.
Radiat Res. 165(1):88-94, 2006
[N] Hsp70 expression and free radical release after exposure to non-
thermal radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and ultrafine particles in
human Mono Mac 6 cells.
Simko M, Hartwig C, Lantow M, Lupke M, Mattsson MO, Rahman Q, Rollwitz
J.
Toxicol Lett. 161(1):73-82, 2006
[Y] Nitric oxide level in the nasal and sinus mucosa after exposure to
electromagnetic field. Yariktas M, Doner F, Ozguner F, Gokalp O, Dogru H,
Delibas N
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 132(5):713-716, 2005
N] In vitro effects of GSM modulated radiofrequency fields on human
immune cells.
Tuschl H, Novak W, Molla-Djafari H.
Bioelectromagnetics. Dec 8; 2005
[Y] Hearing level and intensive use of mobile phones
Garcia Callejo FJ, Garcia Callejo F, Pena Santamaria J, Alonso Castaneira I,
Sebastian Gil E, Marco Algarra J.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 56(5):187-191,
N] Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields exposure on cochlear cells'
functionality in rats:
Galloni P, Lovisolo GA, Mancini S, Parazzini M, Pinto R, Piscitelli M,
Ravazzani P, Marino C.
Bioelectromagnetics. Jul 21; 2005
8. Cellular Systems
GSM -900/1800 (Global System of Mobile
Communications)
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access)
9. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a
self-propagating wave in space or
through matter
EM radiation (EMR) has an electric and
magnetic field component which oscillate in
phase perpendicular to each other and to the
direction of energy propagation.
EM radiation carries energy and
momentum, which may be imparted
when it interacts with matter
Magnetic
wave
Electric
wave
EMR: Electromagnetic Radiation
10. A quantum (quanta) is an indivisible entity of a quantity that has the same
units as the Planck constant and is related to both energy and momentum
of elementary particles of matter (called fermions) and of photons
IONIZING
RADIATION
Ionizing radiation consists of highly-
energetic particles or waves that can
ionize at least one electron from an
atom or molecule.
x-rays, -
rays,
ultraviolet
rays (high)
NON-
IONIZING
RADIATION
EM radiation that does not carry
enough energy per quantum* to
ionize atoms or molecules.
EM radiation has sufficient energy
only for excitation, the movement of
an electron to a higher energy state.
i.e., Near
ultraviolet,
visible
light,
infrared,
microwave,
radio
waves
11. S. No. Frequency Spectrum Frequency range(≈) Corresponding Energy(≈)
1 Power line frequency Few to about 30 KHz near zero to 1.2 X 10 -10 eV
2
Radio and television
broadcasting frequencies
30 KHz to 300 KHz 1.2 X 10 -10 eV to 1.2 X 10 -6 eV
3 Cellular phone systems 900 MHz 3.5 X 10 -6 eV*
4 Microwave frequencies 300 MHz to 3 X 1011 Hz 1.2 X 10 -6 eV to 1.2 X 10 -3 eV
5 Infrared frequencies 3 X 1011 to 4.3 X 10 14 Hz 1.2 X 10 -3 eV to 1.8 eV
6 Visible frequencies 4.3 X 10 14 Hz to 7.5 X 10 14 Hz 1.8 eV to 3.1 eV
7 Ultraviolet frequencies range 7.5 X 10 14 Hz to 3 X 10 17 Hz 3.1 eV to 1.2 keV*
8 X-ray frequencies 3 X 10 17 Hz to 3 X 10 19 Hz 1.2 keV to 120 keV
* Electromagnetic radiation with energies in below of 10 eV is called Non-Ionizing
radiation.
Electromagnetic Energy
( 1/)
13. To gather the information about the
demographic and social characteristics of
cellular phone subscribers in India, is main
object of this study. Further, to establish a co-
relation for possible association in terms of self
reported HEADACHE symptoms among
extensive and low cellular phone usage.
14. To evaluate the possible risk
of headache symptom
through self reported
complains among Cellular
phone users
To assess the risk factors
associated to headache
symptoms in male,
female and children
population individually
18. 3. Survey Strategy
A well designed questionnaire was used for
Survey.
Page 1 Page 2
19. 4. Survey Methodology
We followed modified methodology of
INTERPHONE study
A largest case–control study of mobile phone use and brain tumours yet
and includes the largest numbers of users with at least 10 years of
exposure.
Funding for Study- Rs 124 Crore.
Australia
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Israel
Italy
Japan
New Zealand
Norway
Sweden
UK North
UK South
20. 5. Major Criteria for Study
[a] Demographic and Social Characteristics
[b] Cellular Telephone Utilization Patterns
[c] Association of the Symptoms and
Sensations to the Subjects
[d] Awareness over the Safety Measures to
Reduce the Cellular Telephone’s Exposure
21. Gender
Male
Female
Age in years
Educational Level
Primary school
Higher Secondary School
High School
Intermediate
University (UG or PG)
Professional Education (engineering/
/management/medical course)
Income (monthly in Rs)
No income
>Rs 5,000
< Rs 5,000 - Rs 10,000>
≤ Rs 10,000 - Rs 15,000>
≤ Rs 15,000 - Rs 20,000>
≤Rs 20,000
Family detail
No of family members
No of cellular telephone user
No of children (Below 16 years)
No of children (having own CP)
[a] Demographic and Social Characteristics of Subjects
22. [b] Cellular telephone utilization patterns
Frequency of use
Non regular use (≤1 years)
Regular use (>1 years)
Life-time years of use
<1 year – 3 years>
≤3 years – 5 years>
≥5 years
Number of calls per day
Dialed calls
Received calls
Hours of use per day
≥1.5 hours
<1.5 hours – 3 hours>
≤3 hours – 5 hours>
≥5 hours
Mode of use
Ringing mode
Vibration mode
Both (Ringing+Vibration) Mode
23. [c] Association of the symptoms and sensations to
the subjects
Disease
Yes
No
Smoking
Never
Regular
No regular
Symptoms/sensations
No symptom
√ Headache
Forgetfulness
Irritation
Dizziness
Ringing delusion
Increase in carelessness
Stammering
Neurophysiologic discomfort
Tremor
Warmth on ear
Decrease in hearing
24. [d] Awareness over the safety measures to
reduce the cellular phone exposure
Which side you prefer to use your cell phone?
Left ear side
Right ear side
Do you use any device when you call with cell phone?
Ear phone
Speaker mode
No devices
Do you put your cell phone generally in to
Bags
Shirt Pocket (L or R)
Pant Pocket (L or R)
Others
Do you switched off your cell phone before sleeping in
night?
Yes
No
Do you put your cell phone near the head when you
sleep?
Yes
No
25. Prevalence of Headache to CP User’s Life
Time Exposure
LU
33%
NU
21%
MU
32%
HU
14%
LU: Low User (=< 500 hours); NU (>500 and =< 1000 Hours); MU
(>1000 and =< 5000 Hours); HU (>5000 Hours); CP: cell phone
Results
28. LU NU MU HU
Male CP users (460) 145 (31.5%) 93 (20.2%) 155 (33.7%) 67 (14.6%)
Cases of
Headache (59)
13 (9%) 13 (9%) 25 (16.1%) 8 (11.9%)
P- value - 0.230 0.066 0.502
OR (95%CI) Reference 1.650 (0.729-3.737) 1.953 (0.958-3.982) 1.377 (0.542-3.499)
Female CP users (199) 72 (36.2%) 47 (23.6%) 54 (27.1%) 26 (13.1%)
Cases of
Headache (33)
11 (33.3%) 7 (21.2%) 10 (30.3%) 5 (15.2%)
P- value - 0.954 0.630 0.641
OR (95%CI) Reference 0.970 (0.347-2.713) 1.260 (0.492-3.227) 1.320 (0.411-4.244)
N.B.-LU: Low User (=< 500 hours); NU (>500 and =< 1000 Hours); MU (>1000 and =< 5000 Hours); HU (>5000 Hours); CP: cell phone,
NF: Not Found cases, Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression test. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. OR: odds ratio,
CI: confidence interval
29. N.B.-LU: Low User (=< 500 hours); NU (>500 and =< 1000 Hours); MU (>1000 and =< 5000 Hours); HU (>5000 Hours); CP: cell phone,
NF: Not Found cases, Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression test. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. OR: odds ratio,
CI: confidence interval
LU NU MU HU
Children CP users (35) 16 (45.7%) 9 (25.7%) 10 (28.6%) NF
Cases of
Headache (6)
2 (33.3%) 2 (33.3%) 2 (33.3%) NF
P- value - 0.529 0.609 NF
OR (95%CI) Reference 2.00 (0.231-17.338) 1.75 (0.205-14.931) NF
Adult CP users (624) 201 (32.2%) 131 (21.0%) 199 (31.09%) 93 (14.9%)
Cases of
Headache (86)
22 (25.6%) 18 (20.9%) 33 (38.4%) 13 (15.1%)
P- value - 0.445 0.104 0.456
OR (95%CI) Reference 1.296 (0.666-2.523) 1.617 (0.906-2.887) 1.322 (0.634-2.756)
30. N.B.-LU: Low User (=< 500 hours); NU (>500 and =< 1000 Hours); MU (>1000 and =< 5000 Hours); HU (>5000 Hours); CP: cell phone,
NF: Not Found cases, Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression test. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. OR: odds ratio,
CI: confidence interval
LU NU MU HU
Urban CP users (489) 159 (32.5%) 97 (19.8%) 160 (32.7%) 73 (14.9%)
Cases of
Headache (69)
19 (27.5%) 17 (24.6%) 23 (33.3%) 10 (14.5%)
P- value - 0.216 0.522 0.709
OR (95%CI) Reference 1.566 (0.770-3.184) 1.237 (0.645-2.374) 1.170 (0.514-2.659)
Rural CP users (170) 58 (34.1%) 43 (25.3%) 49 (28.8%) 20 (11.8%)
Cases of
Headache (23)
5 (21.7%) 3 (13.0%) 12 (52.2%) 3 (13.0%)
P- value - 0.763 0.031 0.423
OR (95%CI) Reference 0.795 (0.179-3.524) 3.438 (1.117-10.58) 1.871 (0.404-8.657)
31. N.B.-LU: Low User (=< 500 hours); NU (>500 and =< 1000 Hours); MU (>1000 and =< 5000 Hours); HU (>5000 Hours); CP: cell phone,
NF: Not Found cases, Data was analyzed using binary logistic regression test. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. OR: odds ratio,
CI: confidence interval
LU NU MU HU
Overall CP users (659) 217 (32.9%) 140 (21.2%) 209 (31.7%) 93 (14.1%)
Cases of
Headache (92)
24 (11.1%) 20 (14.3%) 35 (16.7%) 13 (14.0%)
P- value - 0.366 0.091 0.469
OR (95%CI) Reference 1.340 (0.710-2.531) 1.618 (0.925-2.827) 1.307 (0.634-2.694)
32. RA trend for risk of headache was observed among
moderate user (MU) when compared to low users (LU).
The level risk was1.6 fold more in MU in compare to LU. The
same was observed in male population in overall analysis.
Among the rural cellular phone subscribers headache was
significantly associated with MU when compared to LU.
The MU of rural area had 3.4 fold increased risk of headache
than LU. Among urban population, risk for the trend of ringing
delusion was observed in HU than the LU.
The above key results may approach to stimulate the Green
Communication in Wireless Devices/RF devices among
Academicians/ Technocrats / Young researchers etc.
33. We will approach for research to look at the
association of the Cellular phone usage to
Social behaviour, cognitive
impairment, depression and sleep-related
problems.
Further, a case control study will be initiated
among children CP users, those would be
suffering from to neurological diseases
entitled as MOBI-child
‘MOBI-child’Study
Proposal
34. Neurobehavioral effects in mice through the acute exposure of cellular irradiation, Journal of
Neurochemistry, Volume 115, s1, pg76, 2010.
N. Kumar, R. A. Khan and V. P. Sharma.
The Adult Cellular Users are Extra attentive to Symptom ‘Ringing Disillusion’in comparison
to Children Users, Proceeding of World Congress of Neurotechnology, pg 21, Rome, Italy,
12-14 October, 2010.
N. Kumar, V. P. Sharma and R. A. Khan.
Prevalence of Headache among extensive and normal cellular phone users, Journal of
Neurochemistry, special issue, s2, Volume 110 Issue s2 , pg228, 2009
N. Kumar, V. P. Sharma, N. Mathur, M. Y. Khan and R. A. Khan.
Recovery of Metals and Plastics from Electronic Waste. Bharatiya Vaigyanik evam Audyogik
Anusandhan Patrika, National Institute of Science Communication And Information
Resources (NISCAIR) CSIR, 16,2, pp 94-98, Dec 2008
N. Kumar, P. Shukla and V. P. Sharma.
Wireless Communication-A progressive tool of IT with some challenges for human health
and Safety, WCSN07, pp. 187-192) IEEE Conference proceedings Dec 13-15, 2007.
N Kumar, K Shukla, V. K. Khanna and V. P. Sharma
OUR PUBLICATIONS
TOWARDS GREEN COMMUNICATION
35. CELLULAR COMMUNICATION: A HEALTH CONCERN ON RINGING DELUSION. BOOK
“Molecular Mechanism of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders” volume 1, Publication
Cooperation, Comenius University Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Institute of Medical
Biochemistry, Mala Hora 4, Martin 036 01 SLOVAKIA, 2011. [ISBN 978-80-88866-99-2].
N. Kumar, R. A. Khan and V. P. Sharma
CELL SHOCKED!
Cover study, Science Reporter, National Institute of Science communication And Information
Resources (NISCAIR) CSIR, Vol.44 No.1st January 2007. [ISSN: 0036-8512 ]
N.Tiwari, K. Shukla, C.S. Ojha, A. B. Pant and V.P. Sharma
INTERNATION BOOK CHAPTERS & MAGAZINES
ACCEPTED IN CONFERENCES….
Green Communication - A Stipulation to Reduce Electromagnetic
Hypersensitivity from Cellular Phone. Procedia Technology, 2012
N. Kumar, R. A. Khan and M. Y. Khan
Cellular Phone: A Contemporary Tool for Biometric Implications.
Procedia Technology, 2012
N. Kumar, R. A. Khan and D. Pandey
36. Mobile phone user should limit their
harmful radio frequency by cutting the
length of calls.
Hands-free devices cut exposure by
keeping the instrument away from the
head and body.
During driving use of mobile phone
should be restricted/banned.
People with hearing aids are advised not
to use mobile phones.
Base stations, must be avoided near
children’s schools and playgrounds.
37. Use of hands-free device, such as headphones so that there may be minimum
RF exposure to the head
Don’t use the cellphone when one is in heavy traffic
If you have the option of calling from a landline phone, go for it.
Minimize the length of calls, don’t discuss useless talks
Women should avoid cellphone use during pregnancy period
Avoid to stay near a cell phone tower and other group users for a long period
You are advised to use a cellphone in places with a strong signal
As much as possible keep the cellphone away from your body in night.
Avoid cellphone use in research laboratories and hospitals
Check the specific absorption rate of cellophane before purchasing new
(<2.0W/kg)
Avoid to give cellphone to children for play like a toy
These safety measures are not recommended by authorities;
The points are only for suggestion.
38. ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research)
ICNIRP (International Commission of Non-
Ionizing Radiation Protection)
NCRP (National Council on Radiation
Protection and Measurements)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers)
FCC (Federal Communications
Commission)
SAA (Standards Association of Australia)
NRPB (National Radiological Protection
Board)
IEGMP (International Expert Group on
Mobile Phones)
RNCNIRP (Russian National Committee of
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection)
HCN (Health Council of Netherlands)
ARPANSA (The Australian Radiation
Safety and Nuclear Safety Agency)
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
39. INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARD
USA HPS
2010
DELL CHILDREN FELLOWSHIP
USA NSF-GEM4
2010
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARD
THAILAND ISN-CAEN
2010
BURSARY AWARD
ITALY CC
2010
NOMINATIONS AND AWARDS
ACADEMIC COUNCIL
MEMBER
BBA University, Lucknow
(2010-2011)
40. FOREIGN TRAVEL SUPPORT
USA DST
2009
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARD
SLOVAKIA CFMCUM
2009
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARD
SOUTH KOREA ISN
2009
FOREIGN TRAVEL AWARD
SOUTH KOREA CSIR
2009
STUDENT TRL/WORKER FELLOWSHIP
USA HPS
2008
BEST PAPER
AWARD
World Congress of
Neurotechnology, Rome
ITALY
2010
41. Research is in progress at various parts of the globe and
contradictions are parallel to previous so sporadic available
information from various sources is needed to be correlate with the
scientific findings and real use situations
This is an attempt to compile salient research findings and draw a
road map to stipulate GREEN COMMUNICATION in order to design
safe wireless technology
Thank you