Mobile Effects on Human Body

ISSN: 2312-7694
Riki et al, / International Journal of Computer and Communication System Engineering (IJCCSE), Vol. 2 (5), 2015, 686-690
686 | P a g e
© IJCCSE All Rights Reserved Vol. 02 No.05 Oct 2015 www.ijccse.com
Mobile Effect on Human Body
Riki H. Patel
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Chandubhai S Patel Institute of Technology
Charotar University of Science and Technology
Changa (Anand-Gujarat) , India
Rikipatel.ec@charusat.ac.in
Hardik Modi
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Chandubhai S Patel Institute of Technology
Charotar University of Science and Technology
Changa (Gujarat) , India
Vrunda S. Patel
Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre
Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University
Piparia (Vadodara-Gujarat), India
Abstract— The cell phone production has been one of the
emergent production in modern history. Many researchers have
shown the electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell phone and
cell towers are harmful to the health of humans, animals and
plants. effect of electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell phone
and cell phone towers to the user depends on time. Continued use
of mobile phones has increased health effects. This study is for
people who are unaware of these radiations. After this study, it is
found that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile
phones and towers mobile phones are harmful to people living
near transmission towers, so people should keep away from the
transmission towers and persons should use your mobile phone
as soon as low timing.
Index Terms— Biological effects of electromagnetic (EM) fields,
specific absorption rate,mobile phones
I. INTRODUCTION
Mainly 800, 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz frequency
electromagnetic waves are used for mobile phone
communication. The most common mobile communication
technology in India are the GSM 900 and 1800 digital
technologies. Signals to reach mobile phones anywhere, the
towers are located in every corner of the city and in every
town in our country. These towers are an essential part of
mobile communication network needed to establish the
connection between the mobile phone and the rest of the
network. In most Asian countries, the towers have become
ubiquitous to guarantee connectivity in large areas of the
respective country and. E.g 18000 base stations operating in
India.
The reference level called for the exposure of the general
population to 900 MHz is 4.5 W/m2
. The range of exposure of
the general population due to GSM signals is typically
between a few hundred mW/m2
.
The high frequency electromagnetic waves (EMW) radiating
from the towers, interact with biological tissues. This
interaction is a complex function of many parameters. SEM of
the free space is characterized by the frequency, the electric
and magnetic field strength, direction of propagation and
polarization. Higher frequencies production fields of variable
intensity SEM There are several places and fields of higher
intensity near the towers [1]-[18].
In addition, draw out use of mobile phones affects people
because of the concentration field and resonance in the
vicinity of the human brain. Early studies on the effects of
high frequency EM fields on human body have shown that
high frequency long exposure is very harmful to the human
Body (London et .. By 1991, Karunaratha MA 2006) [1].
Since biological substances such as blood can be scattered,
reflected and absorbed as a function of field strength,
frequency, and exposure time of the electrical properties of
tissues [2]. Due to the installation of numerous towers, most of
the population are in direct contact with this continuous
radiation. draw out exposure this can increase thermal hazards
often[3].
TABLE-I
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM FROM APPLICATIONS
RANGE OF
FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY SOURCES
Static
0 Hz Indicative instruments
like MRI, video displays,
industrial
electrolysis
Extremely Low
Frequency
0-300Hz Electrical appliances that
are commonly
Used in household
activities, car engines,
train engines, power
lines, domestic
distribution lines.
Intermediate
Frequency
300Hz- 100KHz FM radio, AM
radio, metal
detectors, card
readers, anti theft
Equipments.
Radio Frequency
100kHz- 300GHz Television ,microwave,
mobile phones, radar,
personal mobile radio,

ISSN: 2312-7694
687 | P a g e
Portable and stationary
radio trans-receivers.
TABLE-II
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM FROM LOWEST
ENERGY/LONGEST WAVELENGTH FREQUENCIES AND
WAVELENGTHS
GAMMA-
RAY
FREQUENCIES-30 EHZ
WAVELENGTHS- 10 PM
TERRESTRIAL
GAMM-RAY
FLASHES, PET
SCAN
X-ray
Frequencies- 30 PHz - 30 EHz
Wavelengths-10 pm - 10 nm
Airport security scanner
Ultraviolet
Frequencies-800 THz -30 PHz
Wavelengths-10 nm - 380 nm
UV light from the sun
Visible
Frequencies- 400 THz-800 THz
Wavelengths- 380 nm -750 nm
Fireflies,ligh bulbs
Infrared
Frequencies- 300 GHz - 400 THz
Wavelengths- 750 nm - 1 mm
Night vision goggles, TV
Remote control
Microwave
Frequencies- 3 GHz - 300 GHz
Wavelengths- 1 mm - 100 mm
Aircraft communication
Radio
Frequencies- 30 Hz - 3 GHz
Wavelengths- 100 mm - 10,000
km
AM radio
Main Electromagnetic Radiation characteristic is shared by
an electric blanket, a power line, and a broadcast tower.
Mobile technology increases the day life. GSM and CDMA
two main network operator. GSM network in number of
different transporter (carrier) frequency range. In GSM
network operating frequencies 900 MHz or 1800MHz. Also,
both bands are already assigned by an operator [4]. GSM
network divided into specific time periods for separate phone
to use. Specific time periods in eight full-rate channels per
radio frequency. Network in sixteen half-rate speech channels
per specific time periods radio frequency [5] . TDMA frame
size is eight radio time periods. GSM handset in transmitter
power restricted to an upper limit of 2 watts in GSM850 or
GSM900 and 1 watts in GSM1800 or GSM 1900.Code
division multiple access (CDMA) in number of transmitter
channels to send data-information over a single
communication channel [6]. CDMA in use, special coding
schemes, here code assigned at the transmitter side. CDMA
handset in transmitter power restricted to an upper limit of 6 -
7 mille Watts [7].
TABLE- IIV
SPECIFICATIONS OF GSM AND CDMA
MOBILE
TECHNOLOGY
POWER LEVEL MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
GSM
1-2 watt Burst
CDMA
6-7 mW Continuous
a) Radiation absorption
Cellular mobile communication is most users wireless
communication. Here communication between different,
mobile phone user and fixed base station. A base station is
transmitting radio waves. Radio waves released by the
cellular mobile handset are attracted by the human body. the
radio waves released by a GSM handset. A GSM mobile
handset frequency, power level is 1-2 watt [7]. And maximum
transmit power of 3.6 watts in analogous phone in US. Each
country in mobile handset power level is fixed by deciding
government [8].
Power level control of base station, every time signal quality
and signal strength lower and higher automatically.
Other digital mobile technology is CDMA2000 in lower
power level transmit. The human body is attracted to radiant
energy , this energy is measured by the Specific Absorption
Rate (SAR) and measuring the maximum level for modem
handsets [9].
USA, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and
India the department of telecom has set a SAR limit.
Human body attracted electromagnetic radiation because all
body consists of 70% liquid forum. Same ways to microwave
oven inside the cooking for food is heated first. The body part
more water blood etc. now main part brain consists of 90% of
water.
II. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION
A. Thermal effects
Similar to a microwave oven, Thermal effect is microwave
radiation heating dielectric. Dielectric material has continuous
heated by rotation field of polar molecules in an
electromagnetic field. A person has become used mobile
phone most of time heating effect has been occurring in the
mobile surface side head. And also mobile phone temperature
to high [11]. The body inside and brain’s blood spread heat
by raising local blood flow, this process is continuous 2-3
hours duration has been SAR value 100-140 W/kg and
temperatures of 41’C. Same type of summer time.
Fig. 1 (a) Before using a mobile phone
1 (b) After using mobile phone for 15 minutes
Fig. 1 (b) in red and yellow areas indicates thermal
(heating) effect.
Non-thermal effects

ISSN: 2312-7694
688 | P a g e
The cells in the human body have a positive charge Wireless
communications protocols have used cell phone low-
frequency pulsing of the carrier signal [12]. Hear normal cell
phone an increase in temperature level. the german Roland
Glaser said number of thermo receptor molecules in mobile
phone, all are active in cascade form and 2nd
and 3rd
messenger systems forms.
B. Cordless phones effect
Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. Cordless
phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the
mobile phone [13]. Cordless phone in power levels very high
and microwave frequency level also high. Hear I can show the
different strength of microwave technologies.
Fig. 2 Cordless phone
Table -IV tthe strength of radiation emitted by each product
No. Product Name Power level
1 Mobile phone held next to head 10-150 V/m
2 Cordless phone geld next to head 10-80 V/m
3 Microwave oven at 1m 1-6 V/m
4 Wi-Fi laptop on lap 1-5 V/m
5 Wi-Fi router at 0.5m 1-2 V/m
6 Mobile phone mast at 150m 0.5-2 V/m
7 Cordless base unit at 0.5m 0.5-2 V/m
8 Digital baby monitor 1m from a baby 0.3-2 V/m
9 Bluetooth device t 50cm 0.3-0.7 V/m
10 Cordless base unit at 3m 0.2-0.4 V/m
11 Wi-fi router at 5m 0.1-0.2 V/m
C. Risk to Children and Pregnant Women
Fig. 3 Absorption of EM radiation from
a cell phone based on effect of
age
Fig.3 Display in Absorption of EM radiation from a cell
phone based on different age 5 year old ,10 year old and adult
. hear the electromagnetic radiation from a frequency range
GSM 900 MHz,same type raduation effect on CDMA 1800
MHz GSM 1800 MHz [14]. the electromagnetic radiation
break through the skull of an adult age 25-26 %, 10-11 year
old 50- 51 % and higher a 5-6 year old 75-76 %.
Hear the age is increased so absorption rate dicress.
Small age absorb more energy at mobile phone.
Childrens in brain size and smaller head , an also very lower
cell volume side body easy way to absorb energy and very
thinner cranial bones skin[15]. A Child’s body inside in cell
volume is very low so absorb the electromagnetic radiation
flow is high. Same ways adult in inside body cell volume is
high or growth, absorbing radiation in less effective against
fighting cancer growth,
The number of different cells are countiues flow of the natural
electromagnetic fields of body organ systems the brain their
own electromagnetic systems. The theory of field play a
useful role in the cell allocation and separation in a pre-born
baby. Some electromagnetic fields is weak ,also fields are
found in easy to exposure to strong fields.
D. The Blood Brain Barrier
Fig.4 (a) Brain Scan Fig.4 (b) Cellphone OFF

ISSN: 2312-7694
689 | P a g e
Fig.4 (c) Right Cellphone ON
Fig.4 (d) radiation range
The blood-brain barrier is a serious configure in the brain ,
inside blood flow is separates ways. Hear brain is tamper-
proof by the strong connection between neighboring cells of
capillary barrier by the BBB [16][17]. Also nutrients pass due
to blood to a brain but keeps toxic bases outside. This
experiments by young laboratory. Upper Figure 4 (c) dark
dots in brain on the right side, or the left side check the cell
phone on time specter of albumin in brain material is a sign
the blood crafts have been damaged and that brain has been
lost the some inside protection.
E. DNA Damage
The mobile phone frequencies can damage DNA.
Fig. 5 The Fenton reaction
Cellular frequencies can lead to damaged DNA. Here show
that exposure to microwave to lower the standard of the
current FCC RF exposure produces single and double cut off
interrupts in DNA levels. EMR causes loss of the membrane
due to the damage of calcium ions [16]. Giveaways in the
skins of lysosomes (small bodies in the flesh cells rich
digestive enzymes) free DNAse (an enzyme that break up
DNA), the breaking up of DNA in cells exposed view of
mobile phone signals. Microwaves can also interfere with the
Generic processes involved in replication and repair of DNA,
subtly changing the molecular conformation (architecture).
Another possibility of damage to DNA is done by the
formation of free radicals in cells [18]. Free radicals kill cells
from harmful macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins and
membranes and have been shown to be carcinogenic. Several
studies have indicated that the electromagnetic fields (EMF) to
improve the activity of free radicals in the cells as shown in
Fig. 5. The Fenton reaction is a catalytic process for
converting iron to hydrogen peroxide, a product of oxidative
respiration in mitochondria [19], into hydroxyl free radical,
which are very powerful and toxic free radicals. So EMF
affects DNA via a secondary process in direct Danni DNA is a
central mechanism for emerging tumors and cancer [20].
When the rate of DNA damage is higher than the speed with
which DNA can be repaired, it is possible to add mutations
and promote cancer. DNA damage in the cells of the brain can
affect neurological function and may lead to
neurodegenerative diseases.
F. Effect on the skin
Radiation from mobile phone masts and mobile phones
affect human skin. People often talk on cell phones have a
higher absorption of the protein transtyretin than those who do
not. Transtyretin is shaped in the liver; aid transport of vitamin
A in the body frame and plays an significant role in tense
diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Symptoms of the disease
include electromagnetic Morgellons hypersensitivity (EHS);
can be based on how the body uses electrical currents to repair
skin wounds. People suffering from this report on the status of
a number of skin symptoms including crawling, biting
sensations and itch; granules, threads or material-like black
speck in or under the skin and / or lesions (eg, rashes or sores).
CEM degrade the protected system and stimulate various
allergic and provocative responses. High radiation cell towers
can result in an spread in mast cells, which explains the
clinical indications of itching, pain, edema and erythema.
G. Increased risk of cancer
The frequent use of mobile phones can cause cancer. The use
of cell phones for> 10 years give a constant design of
increased risk of brain cancer - glioma (tumor of the glial cells
that sostengonoil central nervous system) and acoustic
neuroma (a kindly tumor of a nerve in the brain linked to 22
'hearing). The danger is used for ipsilateral (on the same
adjacent of the head where the gadget is held) coverage.
Children and adolescents before age 20 are five times extra
probable to get brain cancer, as their brain is not entirely
developed and the penetration of radiation is much deeper. It
possible that today's young generation people may suffer an
"epidemic" of the infection in later life [1]-[5] . Besides
increasing brain tumor and acoustic neuroma, there is an
increased possibility of quite a lot of other types of cancer as a
result of prolonged exposure to mobile phone radiation /
tower, like, salivary gland tumors, uveal melanoma,
lymphoma, tumors of the facial nerve , skin, blood, testis and
breast cancer. Interphone study also found a ' a lot raised risk'
of some brain tumors for heavy mobile phone users (> 20
minutes for every day) for a historical of 10 years or more. It
is indicated that children should be depressed from using cell
phones and limit the use of an emergency, while adults should
"keep calls short".

ISSN: 2312-7694
690 | P a g e
III. THE RISKS OF OTHER LONG-TERM HEALTH
EFFECTS
Besides cancer, the most prominent effects on long-term
health are teratogenicity and genetic mutations. Teratogenicity
mutations caused by exposure of unborn babies (children) to
radiation. These can consist of lesser head or brain size, poorly
shaped eyes, extremely slow progress and mental impedance.
Studies indicate that foetuses are most sensitive from about
eight to fifteen weeks after formation. They remain somewhat
less understanding six twenty-five weeks from the past .The
connection between dose and mental impedance is not
precisely known. Scientists estimate, however, that if the
foetuses that were among eight and fifteen weeks were
exposed to one rem, four foetuses will be delayed. If foetuses
from sixteen to twenty-five weeks of life, it is estimated that
one is delayed. Natural possessions are those that can be
passed from parents to children. Health physicists guess that
about fifty severe family effects happen in a group of one
million be alive births whose parents were exposed to rem.
Ask for one hundred twenty severe hereditary effects in all
descendants. For evaluation, all other causes of natural
possessions result in up to 100,000 serious Family effects in
one million live births.. These natural effects include those
occurring spontaneously ("just occurred"), as well as those
with non-radioactive causes.
IV. CONCLUSION
You select either one wired or wireless. If you stab wireless,
compose sure you take the handset to your ear when you are
not on a call. Use the phone in speakerphone mode. The
amount of radiation absorbed by the head and body drops
dramatically, even with a small distance. Do not place the
phone in your pocket or belt clip, even when using
headphones. Phones emit less radiation when sending text
instead of signal bars mean communications. Fewer voice
phone must work harder to transmit its signal wave . Research
shows that radiation coverage increases significantly when
cell phone signals are weak. When a cell phone is on and not
in use, still sends an intermittent signal wave to connect to the
nearby cell phone towers, which means that radiation
coverage is still happening.
REFERENCES
[1] Levitt B, Lai H, Biological effects from exposure to
electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations
and other antenna arrays, Environ. Rev. 18:369–395,
[2] Johansson O, Disturbance of the immune system by
electromagnetic fields—A Potentially underlying cause for
cellular damage and tissue repair reduction which could
lead to disease and impairment Pathophysiology.
2009;16(2-3), 157-77, 2009
[3] Van Leeuwen JP, Harhangi BS, Thewissen NP, et al.
Delays in the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. J Otol
1996;17:321-5.
[4] Lanser MJ, Sussman SA, Frazer K. Epidemiology,
pathogenesis, and genetics of acoustic tumors.
Otolaryngology Clin North Am 1992; 25:499- 520.
[5] Lai Singh NP. Acute low-intensity microwave exposure
increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells.
Bioelectromagnetics 1995;16:207-10.
[6] Patel, R. ; Desai, A. ; Upadhyaya, T. ; Patel, S. (2015),
'Design of S-Shape GPS Application Electrically Small
Antenna', World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology, International Science Index 100, International
Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and
Communication Engineering, 9(4), 420 - 423.
[7] Rothman KJ, Loughlin JE, Funch DP, et al. Overall
mortality of cellular telephone customers. Epidemiology
1996;7:303-5.
[8] Dimbylow PJ, Mann SM. SAR calculations in an
anatomically realistic model of the head for mobile
communication transceivers at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz.
Phys Med Bioi 1994;39: 1537-53
[9] K. H. Ng, "Non-ionizing radiations-sources, biological effects,
emissions and exposures.pdf," Proc. International Conf. on Non-
Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN, 2003, pp. 1-16.
[10] M. Penafiel and T. Litovitz, "An assessment of potential
bioeffects from exposure to cellular phone RF signals using
TDMA, in particular GSM type RF signals," Proc.
International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter
Wave Technology, 1998, pp. 799-802.
[11] J. C. Lin, "Safety standards for human exposure to radio
frequency radiation and their biological rationale," IEEE
Microwave Magazine, vol. 4, pp. 22-6, 2003.
[12] Aakanksha Aggarwal and Abhishek Gupta, “Effects of
electromagnetic radiations on humans: A study”,
Proceedings of 2011 IEEE Students Technology
Symposium, January, 2011
[13] Patel, R. H., Desai, A. and Upadhyaya, T. (2015), A
discussion on electrically small antenna property. Microw.
Opt. Technol. Lett., 57: 2386–2388.
doi: 10.1002/mop.29335
[14] Cardis E, Kilkenny M. International case-control study of
adult brain, head and neck tumours: results of the
feasibility study. Radiat Prot Dosim 1999;83: 179-83.
[15] Muscat JE, Malkin MG, Shore RE, et al. Handheld cellular
telephones and risk of acoustic neuroma. Neurology
2002;58: 1304 6.
[16] Inskip PD, Tarone RE, Hatch EE, et al. Cellulartele phone
use and brain tumors. N Engl J Med 2001 ;344:79-86.
[17] Repacholi MH. Low-level exposure to RF -EMF: health
effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics
1998;19:1-19
[18] Sarto, M.S. Di Michele, S. Leerkamp, P., "Electromagnetic
pelformance of innovative lightweight shields to reduce
radiated emissions from PCBs", Electromagnetic
Compatibility, IEEE Transactions, Volume: 44 Issue:
2, On page(s): 353 – 363.

Mobile Effects on Human Body

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Mobile Effects on Human Body

More from International Journal of Computer and Communication System Engineering

Recently uploaded

Mobile Effects on Human Body