This document discusses organic waste management in India. It outlines several problems with current waste disposal processes, including the large volume of waste generated and the health and environmental issues caused by improper management. Specifically, over half of municipal solid waste in India is biodegradable organic waste, but most of this is sent to landfills where it rots and produces methane, a greenhouse gas. The document proposes a new solution for organic waste management in India.

1. GREEN CLEAN INDIA
NEW TYPE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
THAT SOLVES ALL THE PROBLEMS
OF
ORGANIC WASTE
BY
Siya PrabhuDesai
Vidya Vikas Academy
Margao, Goa

2. INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION PG.NO. 3
2. PROBLEM PG.NO. 7
 DISADVANTAGESOF THE PRESENT
PROCESSES PG.NO. 9
3. SURVEY ON THE PROBLEM PG.NO. 11
 NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN THE FOOD
ITEMS PG.NO. 13
4. SOLUTION PG.NO. 14
 Method PG.NO. 15
5.CONCLUSION PG.NO. 17
6. REFERENCE PG.NO. 18

3. INTRODUCTION
Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, dependingon the type
of material or the regional terminology, is an unwantedor
undesired material or substance. It may consist of the
unwanted materialsleft over from a manufacturing process
(industrial,commercial, mining or agriculturaloperations,) or
from community and householdactivities. The material may be
discarded or accumulated,stored, or treated (physically,
chemically,or biologically),prior to being discarded or recycled.
Waste can be regarded as a human concept as there appearsto
be no such thing as waste in nature. The presence of waste is
an indication ofoverconsumptionand that materials are not
being used efficiently. Thisis carelessly reducing the Earths
capacity to supply new raw materialsin the future. The capacity
of the natural environment to absorb and process these
materialsis also under stress. Valuableresources in the form of
matter and energy are lost during waste disposal, requiring that
a greater burden be placed on ecosystems to provide these.
The main problem is the sheer volume of waste being produced
and how we deal with it.
There are many types of waste as defined by the waste
management

4.  MUNICIPAL WASTE- includeshousehold waste,
commercial waste and demolitionwaste.
 HAZARDOUS WASTE- includes industrialwaste
 BIO-MEDICAL WASTE- includes clinicalwaste
 ELECTRONIC WASTE- includes waste from electrical
devices
 AGRICULTURAL WATSE- includes waste from horticulture,
livestock breeding
 CONSTRUCTION WASTE- includes concrete debris, wood,
earth, packaging boxes etc.
BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
Biodegradablewaste is also called as organic waste. It is a type
of waste which can be broken down in a reasonable amount of
time, in it’s constituent compound by micro organisms and
other living organism, regardless of what those compoundmay
be of.
It can be found in municipalsolid waste as green waste, food
waste, paper waste, sewage, and slaughter house waste,
human waste, manure and sewage.
More than half the waste sent to landfillisorganic waste,
however it is sent to a landfillrots under anaerobic(without

5. oxygen) conditions,giving off methane gas. Methane is one of
the 'greenhouse gases' that trap heat in the atmosphere,
contributingto climate change. It becomes smelly and putrid
and attracts pests like rats and flies. Which promotes the
spread of swine fever, parasites and pathogens.
NEEM
This is another product that I am using for my experiments
Azadirachta indica, also known as Neem, Nimtree, and Indian
Lilac is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae.It is one of
two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India and
the Indiansubcontinent includingNepal,Pakistan, Bangladesh
and Sri Lanka. Typicallygrowing in tropical and semi-tropical
regions
Properties of neem
Neem is a key ingredient in non-pesticidal management (NPM),
providinga natural alternativeto synthetic pesticides. Neem
seeds are ground into a powder that is soaked overnight in
water and sprayed onto the crop. To be effective, it is necessary
to apply repeatedly,at least every ten days. Neem does not
directly kill insects on the crop. It acts as an anti-feedant,
repellent, and egg-laying deterrent, protecting the crop from
damage. The insects starve and die within a few days. Neem

6. also suppresses the hatchingof pest insects from their eggs.
Neem cake is often sold as a fertilizer.
It has adequatequantityof NPK in organic form for plant
growth. Neem cake typicallycontainsabout6% neem oil and
min. 4% nitrogen, 0.5 % phosphorusand 0.5% potassium. Being
totally botanicalproduct it contains100% naturalNPK content
and other essential micro nutrients. It is rich in both sulphur
compoundsand bitter limonoids.It also acts as a natural
fertilizer with pesticidalproperties. Neem cake organic manure
protects plantroots from nematodes, soil grubs and white ants
probablydue to its content of the residual limonoids.. It is
harmless to earthworms - in fact earthworm populationsare
known to proliferate in plots treated with neem cake. Neem
can effectively get rid of over 200 pest species that affects
plants.
It also reduces the acidityof the soil. And reduces the smell of
the waste.

7. PROBLEM
Waste management is a major problem in India. Faced with
rapid population growth,disorganizationof city governments, a
lack of publicawareness and limited funding for programs,
cities have struggled for years to find a way to responsibly
manage the country’s ever-increasing amount of trash.
The Central Public Health and EnvironmentalEngineering
Organization(CPHEEO) has estimated that waste generation in
India could be as much as 589.67grms per person per day. That
figure is relativelylow, compared to the 2086.52grms of waste
generated per person per day in the U.S. However, as of July
2009, the U.S. population wasclose to 307 million,whereas
India’s population wasnearly four times greater, at 1.2 billion.
These statistics mean that Indiacould be generating as much as
27 millionmore tons of waste than the U.S. per year, although
it has only one-third the land space when it comes to finding
suitable locationsfor final disposal.
PROBLEMS CAUSED ARE AS FOLLOWS:
 Inappropriatelymanagedwaste can attract rodents and
insects, which can harborgastrointestinal parasites, yellow
fever, worms, the plaqueand other conditionsto humans.
 Exposure to hazardous waste, particularlywhen they are
burned, can cause variousother diseases includingcancer.

8.  Toxic waste materials can contaminate surface, ground
water, soil and air which cause more problems for
humans, other species and ecosystem.
 Waste treatment and disposal produces significant green
house gas emissions, notably methane, which are
contributingsignificantly to globalclimate change.
The main problem is faced by the peoplewho stay in flats, that
is because they do not have any area to make their own
compost pits.

9. DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAY TO DAY
PROCESS USED
DISADVANTAGESOF COMMERCIAL CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
Commercial chemical fertilizers are more expensive than
natural fertilizers. They may contain ingredientsthat may
be toxic to the skin or respiratory system. You also need to
mix and measure them accurately. If you use too much,
you can kill your plants. Chemical fertilizers can build up in
the soil, causing long-term imbalances in soil pH and
fertility.
DISADVANTAGESOF COMPOSTING
Most obviousdisadvantage,unlessyou reside in a rodent
free area, is the invasionof rodents and in additionants.
The pile can be unsightly and is usuallypositionedas far
from the house as possible which can make it inconvenient
to carry it to the garden location.I would also take into
considerationyour neighborswho may consider your
material pile ugly, smelly or providing a haven for all sorts
of pests.

10. DISADVANTAGESOF WORM COMPOSTING
The disadvantagesinclude:The worms like their food finely
chopped so you must employ a blender to acquire the right
results. If you have an adversion to handlingkitchen garbage,
this may not be for you. If you go on vacationfor any time
exceeding a week to two weeks, your are going to need to
find a babysitter for your worms. A willing volunteermaybe
hard to find. The process in converting the scraps into
marvelousorganic material is slow.
Some of this, of course is the result of my small quantityof
worms. It is normally suggested to start slow that is with 500
worms but who knows how many worms will you find in the
packet. The supplier knows that you are not going to count
every worm so there is opportunityfor shortages.

11. SURVEY ON THE PROBLEM
Urban India generates about 47 milliontone of solid waste
(garbage) every year i.e. about 1.3 lakh tone every day,
according to a study by the Central PollutionControl Board
(CPCB). But this is only in cities and towns with a municipal
body reporting. Another 30% of urban Indialives outside these
cities. If you add their garbage, the total would amount to
about 68 milliontonnes.
According to a calculationdoneby TERI, the garbage generated
by 2011 will cover 2,20,000 footballfield piled9 meter (27 feet)
high with garbage.
Nearly one third of the garbage is not collected at all – it is just
left to rot. So, in a year, about 14 milliontonnes of garbage is
left to rot in urban India’sstreet.
Almost 70% of the waste that is collected in Indian cities is
taken and dumped either in landfillsor just any space available
outside the main habitation.Only about 18% of the total
collected garbage is treated to recycle or make fuel.
In other words, about 27 milliontons of garbage is collected
and dumped out of the city.

12. Since half of the Indiangarbage is typicallyorganic matter
which is compostable, the dumped garbage rots, gets blown
around and finallydecomposes and mixes with the ground. The
remaining untreatableparts mainly plastic can be seen flying
around.
88% of total disease burden in rural areas is due to lack of clean
water, sanitationand improper SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.

13. NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN THE KITCHEN WASTE
Nitrogen rich food:- table scraps, fruits and vegetable scraps,
dead flowers, coffee grounds, tea leaves, etc.
Carbon rich items:- corn cobs, stalks, shredded newspapers
etc.
Neutral:- crushed egg shells, etc.
Rest all kitchen waste items like cooked rice, left over curry
even the peels of citrus fruits are important to make the
manure.
What NutrientsDo
 Nitrogen (N) fuels new growth. All vegetables and herbs
need some nitrogen. Some, like corn, need more, while
others, like sweet peas, need very little.
 Phosphorous(P) promotes root development, which helps
strengthen plants. It also increases blooms. This is a very
important nutrient, especially as plantsstart out.
 Potassium (K) is essential to many plant functionsand
their overall health.It also helps plants withstand stressful
weather and defend against diseases.
 Calcium (Ca) improves general plantvigor and promotes
growth of young roots and shoots.
 Magnesium (Mg) helpsregulate the uptake of other plant
foods and aids in seed-making. It is also important to the
dark green color of plants.

14. SOLUTION
For this problem there is only one solution and that is each one
of us should take the responsibilityof the waste generated by
each of them. Plastics, glasses, cloth, and other non-
biodegradablethings such as tin etc. can be easily recycled. But
the main problem lies with wet waste or the kitchen waste. This
problem is mostly faced by the peopleliving in the flats as they
cannot form the compost pits.

15. METHOD
So I came up with an idea to solve the problem faced by these
people, which will benefit them by two ways. That is by
reducing the wet waste and also making a waste product into
useful manure. It has been seen that the above mentioned
disadvantagesare not present in my product.
In order to make the waste into manure, one will require:
a) daily kitchen waste
b) neem leaves (natural and easily available)
c) mixer or a grinder (if in a building,allthe residents can
contribute and buy one grinder or if in bungalow, four to five
of them can contribute and buy one) and
d) clean film.
e)newspaper shreds or any carbon rich item.(The material in
the pile should be about one-quarternitrogen rich items and
three-quarter carbon rich items
Initiallythe waste is required to be grinded, then add 3 - 4
neem leaves to about one cup of waste and grind till a fine
paste is formed. Neem is used because of it’s properties (as
discussed as above).also add appropriatequantityof carbon
containing product(as mentioned above) to balancethe

16. nitrogen quantity in it. Squeeze out the excess water formed in
the paste and then dry it out in the sunlight. This process is
done so that no fungus is grown . Then pack the same in the
clean film so that it can be easily stored.

17. CONCLUSION
The product formed is now a cake shaped natural fertilizer and
pesticide which is the best way in which the wet waste can be
used. Instead of spending a lot of money on buying artificial
fertilizer and pesticides one can use this which will provide the
plantsimportant nutrients without affecting the properties of
the soil. In this way we can make the best use of the kitchen
waste and also contribute for maintaining Green and Clean
India.

18. REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
 Wikipedia
 www.fullcycle.co
 www.theguardian.com
 www.sciencedirect.com
 www.eschooltoday.com
 PROBLEM
 www.planetnatural.com
 www.greenchoices.org
 www.fullcycle.co
 edugreen.teri.res
 www.gardeningknowhow.com
 survey on the problem
 www.thehindu.com
 timesofindia.indiatimes.com
 www.mcgm.gov.in
 edugreen.teri.res