The document discusses solid waste management in Jalandhar City, India and its impact on community health. It notes that diseases like acute watery diarrhea, typhoid, and cancer have been on the rise in the city. To address this, actions taken in other cities like Ludhiana are discussed, such as door-to-door waste collection and construction of waste stabilization ponds. Reducing, reusing, recycling, and proper waste disposal methods are recommended to improve solid waste management and reduce pollution and disease in Jalandhar.

1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN JALANDHAR CITY AND ITS
IMPACT ON COMMUNITY HEALTH
REDUCE / REUSE / RECYCLE / RECOVERY
G
L
A
S
S
P
A
P
E
R
P
L
A
S
T
I
C
O
R
G
A
N
I
C

2. • Solid waste
• Liquid waste
• Gaseous waste
• Animal by-product
• Biodegradable waste
• Biomedical waste
• Bulky waste
• Business waste
TYPES OF WASTE
2SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Chemical waste
• Clinical waste
• Coffee wastewater
• Commercial waste
• Construction and demolition waste
• Controlled waste
• Consumable waste
• Composite

3. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from
combined residential, industrial, commercial, healthcare and agricultural
activities in a given area.
SOLID WASTE
3SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
* Rajendra Kumar Kaushal et al. / International Journal of Engineering
Science and Technology (IJEST)
Source: Information from web site of CPCB
Evolution of SW in India:
Evolution SW in Jalandhar:
Year 2014 - 350 TPD
Year 2031 - 1207 TPD
* Punjab Goverment

4. TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
4SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Household --> MSW
Industrial waste --> Hazardous waste
Biomedical waste --> Infectious waste
*Urban development series knowledge papers. What
a waste, a global review of solid waste management.
68135. The world bank. Pag. 7
Depend on the composition
Infectious W.
Hazardous W.MSW
www.johnsbrotherssecurity.com
www.smchealth.orgwww.compostsystems.com

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE
5SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
www.alamance-nc.com
Characteristics of Solid Waste:
Corrosive
Ignitability
Reactive
Toxicity
www2.lbl.gov
starlitewaste.com
The type of litter we generate and the
approximate time it takes to degenerate
Type of litter
Approximate time it
take to degenerate
the litter
Organic waste such as
vegetable and fruit peels,
leftover foodstuff, etc
A week or two
Paper 10-30 days
Cotton cloth 2-5 months
Wood 10-15 years
Woolen items 1 year
Tin, aluminum, and other
metal items such as cans
100-500 years
Plastics bags 1 million years
Glass bottles Undetermined
* Sahrish (BS Hons in Environmental Science) International
Islamic University

6. SW IN JALANDHAR
6SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.
The distribution of the area of the city of Jalandhar in various zones is as shown below
Residential zone 85%
Industrial zone 10%
Mixed zone 5%
No. of large and small factory
units
3500
No. of trade units 1050
No. of shops 35000
No. of tanneries 30
No. of electroplating insustries 2
No. of private hospitals 50
No. of health centres 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Residential
zone
Industrial zone Mixed zone
%

7. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Moisturecontent
Fineearth
Plastics
Earthwarestone,etc
Rags
Paper/cardboard
Rubber,leather
Glass/ceramics
Metal(nonferrous)
Woodenmatter
Metal(ferrous)
SW IN JALANDHAR
7SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Parameters Average Range
Metal (ferrous) 0.01 0.00-1.00
Metal (nonferrous) 0.13 0.00-0.04
Earthware stone, etc 5.17 0.50-15.00
Glass/ceramics 0.57 0.00-2.10
Fine earth 24.15 19.92-25.72
Paper/cardboard 3.43 0.2-10.80
Wooden matter 0.09 0.00-0.30
Rags 3.95 0.10-9.80
Rubber, leather 1.31 0.00-4.00
Plastics 7.42 3.20-14.5
Moisture content 44.53 6.90-6810
Physical characteristics based on wet basis (%)
Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.
Compostable: 54%
Combustible: 64%
Inert: 24%
Recycable: 11%
Ranking
Food waste
Yard waste

8. SWM IN JALANDHAR

9. SWM PROCESS
8SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Door to door
collection
Primary Storage
Street sweeping &
drain silt
Secondary collection
& transportation
Landfill & Processing
facility
Segregation of
waste
Biodegradable
transferred to
compost plant
Non biodegradable
transferred to landfill
Compost plantCompost
Sale compost
Landfill
Inert transferred to
landfill as solid cover
Conversion to Refuse
Delivered Fuel (RDF)
Mixed Waste
Recyclables
Sale of Recyclables
GPS system: The system receive a warning if a garbage bin is not cleaned once every 12 hours

10. SWM IN JALANDHAR
9SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
INCINERATION
Mass burn (Incineration) is a combustion process that uses an excess of oxygen and/
or air to burn the SWs.
This process reduces its weight and volume by 80% - 90%. (EPA Environmental Protection Agency)
MSW Incineration
Bottom ash to landfill or
for use in construction
Fly ash and flue gas
cleaning residues to
hazardous waste landfill
Emissions to
water
Emissions to
atmosphere
Generation of
electricity and/or
heat electricity for
district heating
Residual materials
Environmental costs
Environmental benefits
Power: 6MW
700 metric tonnes of
MSW per day
50 tonnes of green
waste for producing
biogas and manure in
a composting facility
PLANT
* Eunomia Research & Consulting, Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza, HDRA
Consultants, ZREU and LDK ECO on behalf of ECOTEC Research & Consulting
Project cost: 133 crores (IMSW)

11. DISPOSAL IN JALANDHAR
10SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
COMPOSTING
Biological processing
Waste materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food
scraps and paper products can be recycled using biological composting and
digestion processes to descompose the organic matter.
During composting, microorganisms from the soil eat the organic waste and
break it down into its simplest parts.
Products:
Compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes.
Electricity
compostcab.com
Dump site

12. WASTE-RELATED
PROBLEMS

13. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Acute
Watery
Diarrhea
Cancer Typhoid Malaria Dengue
Diseases Number Year
Leprosy (PB) 14 2011
Acute watery
diarrhea
3353 2011
Typhoid 418 2011
Malaria 87 2011
Dengue 63 2011
Cancer 1777 2011
As showing the graph below Acute Watery Diarrhea, Typhoid and cancer are the most
extended diseases in Jalandhar, therefore this presentation is focused to solve this
problem.
WASTE-RELATED DISEASES
11SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
www.reporte.com.mxwww.buzzle.com www.lifebuoy.com
CANCERAWD TYPHOID

14. Acute Water Diarrhea (AWD) is caused by infection of the intestine by bacteria.
Diarrhea caused by small intestine disease is typically high volume, watery, and often
associated with malabsorption. Dehydration is frequent.
In Jalandhar the amount of AWD cases is very high, being the city which more
registered cases, more than 3,000 every year.
ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA
12SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Causes:
- Metals
- Agricultural pollution
- Garbage
- Composting
Produce by:
- Bacteria
- Parasites
- Virus
*Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign

15. Typhoid, also known as typhoid fever or enteric fever, is an infection caused by the
bacteria Salmonella typhi.
Typhoid is usually transmitted by water or food.
In Jalandhar the number of cases of Typhoid is very high, increasing every year and
going from 3th to 1st position.
TYPHOID
13SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Causes:
- Contaminated water
- Agricultural pollution
- Contaminated food

16. ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA
14SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Door to door collection
A private company started collecting garbage door-to-door in August 2011.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Garbage-problem-
Door-to-door-collection-needed/articleshow/13143831.cms
www.thehindu.com

17. ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA
15SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste Stabilization Ponds:
Waste Stabilization Ponds are large shallow basins enclosed by earthen
embankments in which raw waste water is treated entirely by the natural
processes involving both algae and bacteria. As the rate of natural oxidation
is slower, longer retention periods are required.
Village Mohlan, Mandal Malout, District Muktsar:
A Reverse Osmosis Plant has been installed in this village, as has been
done in most of the villages, which supplies water to the villagers in cans.
Village Birk, Block Sidhwan Bet, District Ludhiana:
Water Supply Scheme of this village was commissioned in March, 2012.
A WSP has been constructed in the village to treat waste water.
2012
NO. 11011/11/2012-CRSP (Part)
Goverment of India, ministry of
drinking water and sanitation

18. ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA
16SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Village Gure, Block Jagraon, District Ludhiana:
The water supply of the village is based on a tube well.
The waste water was getting accumulated in a low lying land and was
creating foul conditions in the village.
The villagers decided to convert this land in to a waste stabilization pond
system.
Village Dewatwal, Block Ludhiana, District Ludhiana:
Waste water of the village was coming in the existing shallow and redundant
village pond of 3.5 acres area and was causing foul conditions. During rainy
season, the over flow from this pond used to enter into the village streets
and the drainage system of the village was getting dysfunctional due to this
flooding.
Four ponds in series were constructed at the site.
2012
NO. 11011/11/2012-CRSP (Part)
Goverment of India, ministry of
drinking water and sanitation

19. Cancer risk could be caused a wide range of constituents being released from solid
waste: either into the air, water; or food chain. Volatile organics, heavy metals, and
certain inorganic gases each have the potential to induce cancer, if those levels are
high enough over a period of time that is long enough.
In Jalandhar the number of cases is very high, being the third city in the ranking.
Jalandhar: Year 2005 --> 377 cases ; Year 2011 --> 1777 cases (471%).
CANCER
17SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Causes:
- Metals
- Agricultural pollution
- Incineration
- Composting
- Acumulated SW
- Food and water
- Gases
* Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign
* Cancer Survey 2005 by Health Department Punjab

20. WASTE-RELATED PROBLEMS
18SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CONTAMINATED
FOOD
WATER POLLUTION
DIRTINESS
DISEASES

21. HOW TO REDUCE
SOLID WASTE

22. 19SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
REDUCE / REUSE / RECYCLE / RECOVERY

23. ALTERNATIVES
20SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The waste management hierarchy is used as a tool to improve the process of SWM
and reduce the pollution.
Prevention (Reduce)
Reuse
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
Most preferred
Least preferred
- Increase the lifetimes of landfills
- Keep the city clean
- Minimize the risk of water clogging and flooding
- Avoid soil and water pollution
- Increase the effectiveness of the incineration plant
- Decrease the transport cost
- Increase the quality of compost because reduces
the heavy metal content

24. REDUCTION
21SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Plastic Bags
www.utsavpedia.com
Use shopping bags made of clothes or jute
www.technationnews.com

25. REDUCTION
22SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Plastic Bags
Reuse or recycle them
Say “no, thanks” when your purchase does not require a bag
Place as many items as possible in one plastic bag
Obtain biodegradable plastic bags
An estimated 100,000 marine
mammals and up to 1 million
sea birds die every year after
ingesting or being tangled in
plastic marine litter.
www.yvsc.org/wp-content/.../Lets-Talk-Plastic.ppt

26. Wallet: 10 INR/bottle. Example of 26,000,000,000 Lts = 260,000,000,000 Rs. (Year).
(5 billion in india *http://www.gits4u.com/water/water16.htm).
Health: Which can be damaged by toxic chemicals like Bisphenol-A (BPA), leached
from bottled water. BPA can also cause cancerous cells in your body
Environment: Which is tainted by production, transportation, packaging and disposal
of plastic bottled water
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BOTTLES
23SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PM Architecture*
www.sodahead.com
www.oecd.org
www.haydanhuya.com

27. REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BOTTLES
24SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Example of 26,000,000,000 litres/year
That is means 17,000,000 barrels of oil that was used to produce plastic bottles
An addition of 2,500,000 tons of carbon dioxide that was produced in the
manufacturing of plastic bottle
PM Architecture*
www.greenpeace.org news.stanford.edu

28. The heat in cars, transportation, etc. and the plastic of the bottle can leach
out chemicals that can lead to breast and other types of cancers
DRINKING PROBLEMS
25SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PM Architecture*
imatgessobrerodes.blogspot.com www.mamalatinatips.com
www.lapatilla.com

29. No matter which one u choose when you think of when going green
DRINKING SOLUTION
26SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PM Architecture*
www.mundovital.es www.ellahoy.eswww.tecnodiva.com

30. REUSE
27SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
BUYING REUSABLE PRODUCTS
www.elec-intro.com www.aliexpress.com
Reduce hazardous waste, and save costs
Rechargeable batteries Printer cartridges

31. REUSE
28SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
Education and awareness in the area of waste and waste management is
increasingly important from a global perspective of resource management.

32. REUSE
29SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
Containers reused
Bottles and cans can be used as pencil stands or small vases
Use shopping bags made of clothes or jute
glassjarcrafts.blogspot.com
www.todayshomeowner.com www.apartmenttherapy.com
www.brit.co

33. RECYCLE
30SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products.
The segregation of SW consist in separate wet (Compost) and dry (Recycle) wastes.
WET DRY
Steps:
1. Have two containers (dry and Wet).
2. Have two bags for dry waste (paper and plastic).
3. Keep glass /plastic containers rinsed of food matter.
4. Keep a paper bag for throwing the sanitary waste.
5. Explain waste segregation to your family / neighbours.
* http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/4561-swmrt-solid-
waste-management-guidelines

34. RECYCLE
31SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
www.blog.biolandia.es
www.teocio.es

35. RECYCLE
32SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Step 1: Do yor homework
A. Assemble a team
B. Analyze the trash
1. Generation
2. Composition
3. Percent recyclable
C. Identify markets
D. Establish a goal
E. Get approval (By administration or district)
Step 2: Collection system
A. Map school
B. Logistics
C. Containers
D. Transportation
Step 3: Education/Promotion
Step 4: Begin Recycling!
Step 5: Evaluate program
A g u i d e f o r
i m p l e m e n t i n g
a S c h o o l
R e c y c l i n g
P r o g r a m
* http://vrarecycles.org/Portals/0/
documents/Catch_the_cycle.pdf
Students
must be well
educated

36. RECYCLE
33SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
* http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/4561-swmrt-solid
www.projectsunlight.us
- Increases children’s knowledge of the benefits of recycling
- Helps to reduce the amount of rubbish your school produces
- Saves money and resources
- A great project for your school council or green group to lead on
- A lot of FUN!!
Benefits of the
Schools
Recycling
Programme

37. RECYCLE
34SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Pipe composting in Kerala
www.thehindu.com
saintgits.org
bokashiwastemanagement.blogspot.com
www.thehindu.com
Compost your trash!

38. RECYCLE
35SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Paper:
- Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 mature trees, 7,000 gallons of water, 3 cubic
yards of electricity.
- Manufacturing recycled paper uses 60 percent of the energy needed to make
paper from new materials.
Metal:
- Recycling steel and tin cans saves 74 percent of the energy used to make them.
- A steel mill using recycling scraps reduce water pollution, air pollution, and
mining waste by about 70 percent.
Plastic:
- Approximately 86 percent of the energy is saved when plastic is made from
plastic rather than from the raw materials of gas and oil.
http://www.slideshare.net/supernova323/how-to-recycle-5

39. RECYCLE
36SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
http://www.publico.es/espana/428310/450-toneladas-de-tapones-de-plastico-para-salvar-la-vida-de-aitana
Plastic caps for healing children - Spain
Parents of kids with rare diseases collected materials around the country to
cover the therapy.
At a time that has plummeted economic contribution to charitable causes, a trend that
spreads like a fever is to collect plastic caps and introduce in collection points located
in schools, shops, bars and pharmacies. From there, the family is responsible for
transporting to their home and then to a recycling plant, which pays about 200 euros
per tonne.
http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/sociedad/tapones-plastico-para-curar-ninos-1725921

40. RESULTS
37SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
W h e r e d o y o u p r e f e r t o l i v e ?
T h a t i s y o u r d e c i s i o n

41. RESULTS
38SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
W h e r e d o y o u p r e f e r t o l i v e ?
T h a t i s y o u r d e c i s i o n

42. WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?
39SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

43. WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?
40SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

44. WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?
41SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Less than 1 km between these places

45. RESULTS
42SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
G R E E N
A R E A S

46. HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
43SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
C
L
E
A
N
N
E
S
S
Using
the
bins

47. HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
44SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
C L E A N N E S S

48. HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
45SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
A
W
A
R
E
N
E
S
S

49. HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
46SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
A
W
A
R
E
N
E
S
S

50. HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
47SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
• Buy everything you can in bulk (large economy sizes) rather than small packages
• Give your food scraps to animals
• Sell or donate things you don’t want instead of throwing them out
• Use cloth napkins, sponges and dishcloths instead of paper towels and napkins.
• Use low-energy fluorescent bulbs that last longer than the regular incandescent bulbs.
• Buy used instead of new
• Maximize the life of appliances by performing regular maintenance
• Keep tires inflated, they’ll last longer and your car will pollute less
• Learn about your local recycling opportunities
• Participate in your local recycling programs
• Buy what you need, use what you buy
• Rotate your tires; they’ll last longer
• Turn your computer monitor off when leaving for more than an hour
• Walk, ride bikes, take bus instead of driving
• Turn the light off when you leave the room
• Clean the condenser coils on your refrigerator every few months--you can reduce electricity
consumption 6% or more
TIPS

51. HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
48SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

52. CONCLUSIONS

53. BENEFITS
49SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The solid waste can be properly utilized to gather the benefits such as:
- Conservation of natural resources
- Economic development
- Generate many useful products
- Employment opportunities
- Control of pollution

54. SUMMARY
50SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Accumulation of Solid Waste
Agricultural Pollution
Heavy metals (water)
Bacteria
Parasites
Virus
Typhoid
AWD
Cancer
Stagnant water
Bad odors
CAUSE
EFFECTS
CONSEQUENCES
DISEASES
ALTERNATIVES Reduce, reuse, recovery and recycle

55. REFERENCES
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
* Rajendra Kumar Kaushal et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)
Source: Information from web site of CPCB
* Sahrish (BS Hons in Environmental Science) International Islamic University
* Urban development series knowledge papers. What a waste, a global review of solid waste
management. 68135. The world bank. Pag. 7
* Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.
* Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign
* Punjab Pollution Control Board as cited in Statistical Abstract of Punjab
* Scopus Compendex and Geobase Elsevier, Chemical Abstract Services-USA, Geo-Ref Information Services-USA
* EWF Technology Overview, The Regional Municipality of Halton, Submitted by Genivar, URS, Ramboll, Jacques Whitford & Deloitte, Ontario,
Canada, May 30, 2007.
* Evaluation of Alternative Solid Waste Processing Technologies by URS Corporation
* Eunomia Research & Consulting, Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza, HDRA Consultants, ZREU and LDK ECO on behalf of ECOTEC Research &
Consulting
* EWF Technology Overview, The Regional Municipality of Halton, Submitted by Genivar, URS, Ramboll, Jacques Whitford & Deloitte, Ontario,
Canada, May 30, 2007.

56. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
G.T. Road, Mehtan, PHAGWARA - 144 401
email: info@gnaedu.in
Website: www-gnaedu.in
Tel.: 01824-500211-212
Fax: 01824-500213