Ethical dilemmas arise when individuals or groups must choose between options that involve wrongdoing or unethical actions. Common sources of ethical dilemmas include work-life balance issues, heavy workloads, unfair work distribution, lack of recognition, and office politics. Some examples of ethical dilemmas discussed are bribery, deception, handling black money, environmental issues, technological challenges, and deceptive advertising. Guidelines for managing ethical dilemmas include considering the overall benefits and costs (utility approach), respecting human rights, and ensuring a fair and just distribution of rewards and burdens (justice approach).

1. Good Morning
“ Topic :- Ethical Dilemma

2. Concept
• “Ethical Dilemma is a problem , situation or a
opportunity that requires an individual , group
or organization to choose among several
wrong or unethical actions at work place.
• Crux:- Ethical dilemma refers to issues that
focus on value judgment concerning degree of
right and wrong , Goodness and Badness.

3. Sources of Ethical Dilemma
• Pressure to balance Work and family
• Heavy work Load
• Poor Work Distribution
• Little or no recognition
• Company Politics
 Corruption

4. Types of Ethical Dilemma
• (1)Bribery: It is an Manipulative method where a party buys
the power or influence of other in order to satisfy his selfish
need.
• Problems:- It becomes an repository to give and take
, malicious practice that earmarks an business fraudulent
thereby hampers growth.
• solution :- GE have well formed policies to deal with the issue
. The policy “ No matter how high stakes , no matter how great
the ‘stretch ‘, GE will never compromise on Integrity of
business ethics .

5. Types of Ethical Dilemma
• Deception /con : -) The acts to propagate beliefs that are not true.
Deception leads to feelings of betrayal and distrust between employees.
• Black Money:- Black money refers to illegal earnings made by
people, wheter they are businessmen or others, in violation of legal
channels of earning income. Black money is a consequence of the system
of controls , permits, quotas and licences.
• The MNC’S allocate resources across the globe in an optimal manner rests
on propositions that the world’s resources are best utilized through
interplay of unfettered Market forces.
• Some prime accusation of MNC’S are :-
Supporting repressive regimes, Paying bribes to secure political influence
Paying protection money to terrorist groups .
Destablising national government of which they do not approve .

6. Types of Ethical Dilemma
• Environment Issues : Environmentalist criticize multinational companies
for:
• Depleting natural resources,
• Polluting the environment
• Not paying compensation
• Causing harmful changes in local living conditions
• Paying little regard to the risks of accidents and causing major
environmental catastrophes.
• Multinational companies are accused of using developing countries as their
dumping grounds for economic benefit .
• Critics also allege that large multinational tends to cause greater damage to
environment than domestic businesses and that generally ensure only
minimal environment standards required by host country

7. Ethical Dilemma in MNC’S
• Technological Issues:- Most MNC’S do not develop technologies that are
relevant to the needs of host nations . They find it cheaper to transfer an
existing technology to a foreign country .
• Plagiarism / Breach of copyright
• Reverse Engineering
• Dumping into economy
• Brain Drain
• Technology vulnerable system
• Breech of Company trademarks and patents.
• Placebo / panacea Advertisements;-
• Organisations engaged in the functions of production are engaged at times
in panacea whereby company raises tall claims with unevident results.

8. Guidelines for managing Ethical
Dilemma
• Utility Approach:- This approach emphasizes on overall amount of goods
that can be produced by an action or a decision. It judges actions plans by
consequences . The primary objectives of this approach is to provide
greatest goods for number of people. This type of results- oriented ethical
issues . These costs and benefits issues profit maximisation , self -
interest. The utility approach supports the ethical issues of profits
maximisation, self –interest , rewards based on abilities and
achievements, sacrifice and hard work and competition .
• Example, some things, such as employee morale psychological
satisfactions, and the worth of human life.
• Another limitations, cost benefits analysis is widely used in business. If
benefits(earnings ) exceed cost , the organisation makes profits

9. • Human Rights Approach :This approach to ethics holds
that human Beings have certain moral entitlements that should be
respected in all decisions.These entitlement guarantee an individual’s
most fundamental personal rights (eg. life, Freedom , Health privacy and
property.The human rights approach to ethical dilemma holds that
individuals are to be treated as a valuable ends in themselves simply
because they human beings .
• Justice Approach:- Under this decisions are based on equitable , fair and
impartial distribution of benefits (rewards) and costs among individuals
and groups . Justice is essentially a condition characterized by an
equitable distribution of benefits (rewards) and costs among individuals
and groups . Justice is essentially a condition characterized by a equitable
distribution of benefits and burden of working together , accordingly to
some accepted rule . For society as a whole , social justice means that
measuring benefits for demands