This document discusses the development of golden rice, a genetically modified rice variety that aims to address vitamin A deficiency. It notes that rice plants naturally produce beta-carotene but not in the grain. Golden rice 1 was created by introducing two beta-carotene biosynthesis genes, but did not produce enough provitamin A. Golden rice 2, developed in 2005, combines three genes and produces 23 times more beta-carotene. It is estimated that eating 75g per day of golden rice 2 can meet recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A.

1. Submitted By:
Osama Alam
Department of Bio-Technology
University of Science & Technology, Bannu
September 2022

2. Problem with existing rice:
 Global staple food .
 Rice plant possess the machinery to
synthesize beta-carotene( precursor of
Vitamin A ).
 This machinery is fully active in leaves
while turned off in rice grains.
 Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night
blindness.

3. • Golden rice was created by transforming rice
with two beta-carotene biosynthesis genes;
1) psy ( phytoene synthase) and ( Lycopene beta
cyclase) lyc from daffodil.
2) Crt I ( phytoene desaturase) from the soil
bacterium Erwinia uredovora.

6. Gene construct;

7. Golden Rice 1 Limits:
Original Golden Rice 1 doesn't produce
enough beta-carotene (Provitamin A) it
produces only 1.6g/day of carotenoids, a
child would have to eat more than 10g/day
to get sufficient does.

8. Golden Rice 2
 In 2005, Syngenta, produced a variety of golden
rice called Golden Rice 2
 He combined;
 psy gene from maize
 ctrI from the GR1
 Golden rice 2 produces 23 times more beta
carotene than golden rice(up to 37g/day)
 To receive the Recommendation Dietary
Allowance(RDA), it is estimated that people who
eat about 75g/day of golden rice per day can get
more beta carotenes.