This document discusses developing goal line technology for soccer using computer vision. It proposes using cameras linked to a computer to take pictures of the goal area and process the images in real-time to detect whether the ball has crossed the goal line. Key features include image processing algorithms to segment the ball from frames, track its center, and make an accurate decision about the ball's position relative to the goal line. The system is intended to help referees and improve accuracy for determining goals.

2.  FIFA (federation internationale de football association)
 Referee errors
 Improvements
 Other sports (tennis, football,
hockey, etc.)

3. Mandatory
Features
 Implement beside/above the goal camera that is
linked to a computer
 Uploading pictures generated from camera to the
computer
 Detection system will give response whether the
goal was scored or not
 Building a launcher (ping pong) that will move in
semicircle/straight path around the goal
 Shooting from the gun toward specific target by
moving it horizontally/vertically

4. Extra Features
 Detect different shapes of objects (foot, hand,
ball, etc..)
 Feedback ability from detector to the speaker
 Detect what coordinates the ball has entered
 Accurate control - targeting
 Measure the speed of a ball

5. The types of Goal Line Technology are:
 Sensor on Football
(Microchip in ball)
 Sensor on Goal line
(Magnetic Field on posts)

6. Computer
Image Processing
Camera #1
FPGA
Camera #2
Stepper
Motor 2
Stepper
Motor 1
Stepper
Motor 3Controller
Trigger
RAM
ROM
Micro
controller
Stepper
Driver
Stepper
Driver
Stepper
Driver

7.  Personal Computer
 1-2 VGA cameras (30-60 fps)
 USB/Firewire interface

8.  This part will be done using 1-2 cameras
 The cameras will send frames to computer and Matlab will process
these frames.
 Using Image Processing Toolbox, these frames will be processed in
real time and IPT tool will determine if the ball has passed the line
or not.

9.  Using Image Processing Toolbox, these frames will be processed in
real time
 The frames will be turned into black and white.
 The ball will be segmented out of the picture using image
subtraction
 The center of ball will be found using regionprops command. Then
decision will be made based on coordinates of the center.

10.  PRECISION whether the ball passed the goal line or
not / Speed of ball vs frame rate
 Real time response/Fast processing
 Multi-camera processing capability
 Ball speed control
 Dependent upon previous project especially
programming