powerpoint presentation on tongue

1. TONGUE
• TONGUE HAS MAINLY THREE PARTS:
ROOT
TIP
BODY
• BODY HAS UPPER CONVEX SURFACE AND
INFERIOR SURFACE
• BODY HAS UPPER CONVEX SURFACE AND
INFERIOR SURFACE
• THE UPPER CONVEX SURFACE IS BEING DIVIDED
INTO POSTERIOR 1/3 AND ANTERIOR 2/3 BY
SULCUS CALLED SULCUS TERMINALIS
• FORAMEN CAECUM
• FOLIATE PAPILLAE
• FRENULUM LINGUAE

2. PAPILLAE
• CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE LIE ANTERIOR TO SULCUS
TERMINALIS
• THEY ARE CYLINDERICAL PROJECTIONS SURROUNDED
BY SULCUS
• FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE LIE ALONG THE LATERAL
BORDER OF TONGUE
• PEDUNCULATED TERMINAL END AND ARE SMALLER• PEDUNCULATED TERMINAL END AND ARE SMALLER
BUT LARGER THAN FILLIFORM PAPILLAE
• THEY HAVE TIPICAL RED DOT APPEARANCE
• FILLIFORM PAPILLAE THEY LIE AT THE DORSUM OF
TONGUE AND SMALLEST OF ALL THE PAPILLAE
• THEY HAVE POINTED ENDS COVERED BY KERATIN
• PROVIDE CHARACTERISTIC VELVETY APPEARANCE TO
TONGUE

4. MUSCLES
• THERE ARE FOUR GROUP OF EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
AND FOUR GROUP OF INTRINSIC MUSCLES
• INTRINSIC MUSCLES:
• SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE• SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE
• INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE
• TRANSVERSE AND VERTICAL GROUP OF MUSCLE
• THESE ARE ATTACHED TO FIBROUS LAYER OF
SUBMUCOSA AND TO THE MEDIAN FIBROUS
SEPTUM

5. ACTION
• SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE: SHORTENS
THE TONGUE AND MAKE THE SURFACE CONCAVE
• INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE:SHORTENS
THE TONGUE AND MAKES THE SURFACE CONVEXTHE TONGUE AND MAKES THE SURFACE CONVEX
• TRANSVERSE GROUP OF MUSCLES NARROW THE
TONGUE AND ELONGATE IT
• VERTICAL GROUP OF MUSCLE MAKE THE
TONGUE BROAD AND FLAT

6. EXTRINSIC GROUP OF MUSCLES
• GENIGLOSSUS : ARISES FROM UPPER GENIAL
TUBERCLE AND SENDS THREE GROUP OF
MUSCLE FIBERS
• UPPER LAYER ATTACHED TO TIP OF TONGUE• UPPER LAYER ATTACHED TO TIP OF TONGUE
• MIDDLE LAYER ATTACHED TO DORSUM OF
TONGUE
• INFERIOR LAYER IS ATTACHED TO HYOID BONE

7. • HYOGLOSSUS : ATTACHED TO WHOLE LENGTH
OF GREATER CORNUA OF HYOID BONE AND
LATERAL PART OF HYOID BONE
• STYLOGLOSSUS :ATTACHED TO TIP AND• STYLOGLOSSUS :ATTACHED TO TIP AND
ANTERIOR SURFACE OF STYLOID PROCESS
• PALATOGLOSSSUS : ATTACHED TO PALATINE
APONEUROSIS

9. ACTION
• GENIOGLOSSUS UPPER GROUP OF FIBERS RETRACTS
THE TONGUE
• MIDDLE GROUP OF FIBERS DEPRESS THE TONGUE
• INFERIOR GROUP OF MUSCLES PULLS THE POSTERIOR
PART OF TONGUE FORWARD AND PROTRUDE THEPART OF TONGUE FORWARD AND PROTRUDE THE
TONGUE
• HYOGLOSSUS DEPRESS THE TONGUE
• STYLOGLOSSUS RETRACTS THE TONGUE
• PLATOGLOSSUS ELEVATES THE TONGUE AND CLOSES
THE OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

11. • ALL THE MUSCLES ARE SUPPLIED BY HYPOGLOSSAL
NERVE EXCEPT THE PLATOGLOSSUS SUPPLIED BY
CRANIAL ROOT OF ACCESSORY NERVE THROUGH
PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS
• BLOOD SUPPLY IS THROUGH LINGUAL ARTERY BRANCH
OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY AND ROOT OF TONGUEOF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY AND ROOT OF TONGUE
IS ALSO SUPPLIED BY THE TONSILAR ARTERY BRANCH
OF FACIAL ARTERY AND ASENDING PHARYNGEAL
ARTERY BRANCH OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
• VENOUS DRAINAGE THROUGH DEEEP LINGUAL VEIN
THAT IS THE LARGEST AND THE MAIN SUPPLY TO
TONGUE

12. LYMPHATIC DRAINGE
• TIP OF TONGUE IS DRAINED BY SUBMENTAL
LYMPH NODES
• ANTERIOR TWO THIRD PART IS DRAINED BY
SUBMANDIBULAR GROUP OF LYMPH NODES
• POSTERIOR ONE THIRD AND POSTERIOR MOST• POSTERIOR ONE THIRD AND POSTERIOR MOST
PART IS DRAINED BY UPPER DEEP GROUP OF
CERVICAL LYMPH NODES
• ALL OF THESE LYMPH NODES ULTIMATELY DRAIN
INTO THE JUGULO-OMOHYOID GROUP OF LYMPH
NODES ALSO CALLED THE LYMPH NODES OF
TONGUE

15. NERVE SUPPLY
• ANTERIOR TWO THIRD
• SENSORY SUPPLY: LINGUAL NERVE
• GUSTATORY SUPPLY: CHORDAE TYMPNAE NERVE
• POSTERIOR ONE THIRD• POSTERIOR ONE THIRD
• SENSORY AND GUSTATORY SUPPLY BY
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
• POSTERIO MOST PART SUPPLIED BY VAGUS
NERVE THROUGH INTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE

18. TWELFTH NERVE
• HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE ARISE FROM HYPOGLOSSSAL NUCLEI FROM
HYPOGLOSSAL TRIANGLE PRESENT IN THE FLOOR OF FOURTH VENTRICLE
• HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE NUCLIE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS LOWER PART IS
DEDICATED FOR THE GENIGLOSSUS MUSCLE AND THE UPPER PART IS FOR
THE REST OF MUSCLES
• THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE THEN GOES OUT OF THE BRAINSTEM BY
PASSING LATERAL TO MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL BUNDLE, MEDIAL
LEMNISCUS AND PYRAMIDS AND MEDIAL TO OLIVARY NUCLEUS AND
RETICULAR NUCLEUSRETICULAR NUCLEUS
• THEN IT PASSES DEEP TO INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN AND DESCENDS
BETWEEN THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN AND INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
SUPERFICIAL TO VAGUS DEEP TO PAROTID, STYLOID PROCESS AND
POSTRIO BELLY OF DIGASTRIC MUSCLE
• THEN IT CROSSES THE INTERNAL CAROTID AND EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTEY
AND ALSO CROSSES THE LINGUAL ARTERY

22. • IT AGAIN PASSES DEEP TO POSTERIO BELLY OF
DIGASTRIC LYING SUPERFICIAL TO
HYOGLOSSUS AND GENIOGLOSSUS MUSCLE
AND ENTERS THE TONGUEAND ENTERS THE TONGUE

23. • HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE SUPPLIES ALL THE
MUSCLE OF TONGUE WITH EXCEPTION OF
PALATOGLOSSUS
• PART OF HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEI SUPPLYING THE
GENIOGLOSSUS GETS THE NERVE FROMGENIOGLOSSUS GETS THE NERVE FROM
OPPOSITE PART OF BRAIN ONLY WHEREAS THE
REST ONUCLEI SUPPLY THE OTHER MUSCLE
RECIEVES THE SUPPLU FROM BOTH
CONTRALATERLA AND IPSILATERAL HALF

24. • MENINGEAL BRANCH ENTERS THE POSTERIOR
CRANIAL FOSSA THROUGH HYPOGLOSSAL
CANAL AND SUPPLIES THE ANTEROR APRT OF
MENINGES OF POSTERIO CRANIAL FOSSA
• MOTOR BRANCHES TO THE MUSCLE OF
TONGUETONGUE
• DESCENDENS HYPOGLOSSI
• BRANCHES TO THYROHYOID AND
GENIOHYOID