Objectives: IDENTIFY THE APPENDECULAR MUSCLES OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMB IN POSTERIOR VIEW. UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF APPENDECULAR MUSCLES TO OUR BODY (MOVEMENTS). ASSOCIATE THE FUNCTION/USE OF APPENDICULAR MUSCLES TO OUR BODY. The function of the trapezius is to stabilize and move the scapula. The upper fibers can elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula and extend the neck. The middle fibers adduct the scapula. Lower fibers depress and aid the upper fibers in upwardly rotating the scapula. THE DELTOID MUSCLE IS THE MUSCLE FORMING THE ROUNDED CONTOUR OF THE HUMAN SHOULDER. IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE “COMMON SHOULDER MUSCLE”. THE DELTOID MUSCLE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR BRUNT OF ALL ARM ROTATION AND ALLOWS A PERSON TO KEEP CARRIED OBJECTS AT A SAFER DISTANCE FROM THE BODY. IT IS ALSO TASKED WITH STOPPING DISLOCATION AND INJURY TO THE HUMERUS WHEN CARRYING HEAVY LOADS. ONE OF FOUR MUSCLES THAT MAKE UP THE ROTATOR CUFF, WHICH HELPS YOUR ARM AND SHOULDER MOVE AND STAY STABLE. INFRASPINATUS IS IN THE BACK OF SHOULDER. IT ATTACHES THE TOP OF YOUR HUMERUS TO YOUR SHOULDER, AND IT HELPS YOU ROTATE YOUR ARM TO THE SIDE. A POSTERIOR MUSCLE OF THE SHOULDER THAT EXTENDS BETWEEN THE SCAPULA AND THE HEAD OF HUMERUS. STABILIZES THE BALL-AND-SOCKET GLENOHUMERAL JOINT BY HELPING HOLD THE HUMERAL HEAD INTO THE SHALLOW GLENOID CAVITY OF THE SCAPULA. THE TERES MINOR ALSO LATERALLY, OR EXTERNALLY, ROTATE THE ARM AT THE SHOULDER JOINT. A SMALL MUSCLE THAT RUNS ALONG THE LATERAL BORDER OF THE SCAPULA. IT FORMS THE INFERIOR BORDER OF BOTH THE TRIANGULAR SPACE AND QUADRANGULAR SPACE. IT’S SOMETIMES CALLED “LAT’S LITTLE HELPER” BECAUSE OF ITS SYNERGISTIC ACTION WITH THE LATISSIMUS DORSI. IT ALSO HELPS STABILISE THE HUMERAL HEAD IN THE GLENOID CAVITY. LOCATED IN THE BACK REGION AND HELPS KEEP THE SCAPULA, OR SHOULDER BLADE, ATTACHED TO THE RIBCAGE. IT ALSO ROTATES THE SCAPULA AND RETRACTS IT TOWARDS THE SPINAL COLUMN. IMPORTANT IN UPPER LIMB MOVEMENT AND STABILITY OF BOTH THE SHOULDER GIRDLE AND SCAPULA. IS A LARGE MUSCLE ON THE BACK OF THE UPPER LIMB OF MANY VERTEBRATES. IT IS THE MUSCLE PRINCIPALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR EXTENSION OF THE ELBOW JOINT (STRAIGHTENING THE ARM). A LARGE, FLAT MUSCLE COVERING THE WUDTH OF THE MIDDLE AND LOWER BACK. IT CONNECTS THE BONE OF THE UPPER ARM TO THE SPINE AND HIP. THIS MUSCLE IS OFTEN REFFERED TO AS THE LATS. WORKS COLLABORATIVELY WITH THE TERES MAJOR AND PECTORALIS MAJOR TO PERFORM ACTIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. TOGETHER THESE MUSCLES WILL WORK TO ADDUCT, MEDIALLY ROTATE AND EXTEND THE ARM AT THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT. IS THE MOST SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE ON THE RADIAL SIDE OF THE FOREARM. IT FORMS THE LATERAL SIDE OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA, IT’S OFTEN FUSEDPROXIMALLY WITH THE BRACHIALIS. IT HAS A THIN BELLY THAT DESCENDS IN THE MID FOREARM, WHERE ITS LONG FLAT TENDON BEGINS, THEN THE TENDON CONTINUES TO THE RADIUS. IS AMUSCLE IN YOUR FOREARM THAT WORKS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE OTHER MUSCLES AND TENDONS IN YOUR ARM TO HELP MOVE YOUR WRIST AND HAND.

1. APPENDICULAR
MUSCLES-POSTERIOR
VIEW
REPORTER: LITO B. LEDESMA

2. OBJECTIVE:
1. IDENTIFY THE APPENDECULAR MUSCLES OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMB IN
POSTERIOR VIEW.
2. UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF APPENDECULAR MUSCLES TO OUR BODY
(MOVEMENTS).
3. ASSOCIATE THE FUNCTION/USE OF APPENDICULAR MUSCLES TO OUR BODY.

4. TRAPEZIUS
• The function of the trapezius is
to stabilize and move the
scapula.
• The upper fibers can elevate
and upwardly rotate the scapula
and extend the neck.
• The middle fibers adduct the
scapula.
• Lower fibers depress and aid
the upper fibers in upwardly
rotating the scapula.

5. DELTOID MUSCLE
• THE DELTOID MUSCLE IS THE MUSCLE FORMING THE
ROUNDED CONTOUR OF THE HUMAN SHOULDER. IT
IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE “COMMON SHOULDER
MUSCLE”.
• THE DELTOID MUSCLE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR BRUNT
OF ALL ARM ROTATION AND ALLOWS A PERSON TO
KEEP CARRIED OBJECTS AT A SAFER DISTANCE FROM
THE BODY. IT IS ALSO TASKED WITH STOPPING
DISLOCATION AND INJURY TO THE HUMERUS WHEN
CARRYING HEAVY LOADS.

6. INFRASPINATUS MUSCLE
• ONE OF FOUR MUSCLES THAT MAKE UP THE
ROTATOR CUFF, WHICH HELPS YOUR ARM
AND SHOULDER MOVE AND STAY STABLE.
• INFRASPINATUS IS IN THE BACK OF
SHOULDER.
• IT ATTACHES THE TOP OF YOUR HUMERUS TO
YOUR SHOULDER, AND IT HELPS YOU ROTATE
YOUR ARM TO THE SIDE.

7. TERES MINOR
• A POSTERIOR MUSCLE OF THE SHOULDER THAT
EXTENDS BETWEEN THE SCAPULA AND THE
HEAD OF HUMERUS.
• STABILIZES THE BALL-AND-SOCKET
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT BY HELPING HOLD THE
HUMERAL HEAD INTO THE SHALLOW GLENOID
CAVITY OF THE SCAPULA.
• THE TERES MINOR ALSO LATERALLY, OR
EXTERNALLY, ROTATE THE ARM AT THE
SHOULDER JOINT.

8. • A SMALL MUSCLE THAT RUNS ALONG THE
LATERAL BORDER OF THE SCAPULA.
• IT FORMS THE INFERIOR BORDER OF BOTH THE
TRIANGULAR SPACE AND QUADRANGULAR
SPACE.
• IT’S SOMETIMES CALLED “LAT’S LITTLE HELPER”
BECAUSE OF ITS SYNERGISTIC ACTION WITH
THE LATISSIMUS DORSI.
• IT ALSO HELPS STABILISE THE HUMERAL HEAD
IN THE GLENOID CAVITY.
TERES MAJOR

9. RHOMBOID MUSCLE
• LOCATED IN THE BACK REGION AND HELPS KEEP
THE SCAPULA, OR SHOULDER BLADE, ATTACHED
TO THE RIBCAGE.
• IT ALSO ROTATES THE SCAPULA AND RETRACTS
IT TOWARDS THE SPINAL COLUMN.
• IMPORTANT IN UPPER LIMB MOVEMENT AND
STABILITY OF BOTH THE SHOULDER GIRDLE AND
SCAPULA.

10. TRICEPS (TRICEPS BARCHII
• IS A LARGE MUSCLE ON THE BACK OF THE
UPPER LIMB OF MANY VERTEBRATES.
• IT IS THE MUSCLE PRINCIPALLY
RESPONSIBLE FOR EXTENSION OF THE
ELBOW JOINT (STRAIGHTENING THE ARM).

11. LATISSIMUS DORSI
• A LARGE, FLAT MUSCLE COVERING THE WUDTH OF THE MIDDLE
AND LOWER BACK.
• IT CONNECTS THE BONE OF THE UPPER ARM TO THE SPINE AND
HIP.
• THIS MUSCLE IS OFTEN REFFERED TO AS THE LATS.
• WORKS COLLABORATIVELY WITH THE TERES MAJOR AND
PECTORALIS MAJOR TO PERFORM ACTIONS OF THE UPPER
EXTREMITY. TOGETHER THESE MUSCLES WILL WORK TO
ADDUCT, MEDIALLY ROTATE AND EXTEND THE ARM AT THE
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT.

12. BRACHIORADIALIS
• IS THE MOST SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE ON THE RADIAL
SIDE OF THE FOREARM.
• IT FORMS THE LATERAL SIDE OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA,
• IT’S OFTEN FUSEDPROXIMALLY WITH THE
BRACHIALIS.
• IT HAS A THIN BELLY THAT DESCENDS IN THE MID
FOREARM, WHERE ITS LONG FLAT TENDON BEGINS,
THEN THE TENDON CONTINUES TO THE RADIUS.

13. EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
• IS AMUSCLE IN YOUR FOREARM THAT
WORKS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE
OTHER MUSCLES AND TENDONS IN YOUR
ARM TO HELP MOVE YOUR WRIST AND
HAND.
• IT IS IN THE SAME MUSCLE FAMILY AS THE
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS.

14. ANCONCEUS
• IS A SMALL LOCATED AT THE ELBOW.
• ATTACHING TO THE HUMERUS AND ULNA.
• ALTHOUGH THE ANCONEUS MSUCLE IS ACTIVE DURING ELBOW
EXTENSION THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ANCONEUS FOR THE
MOVEMENT ITSELF IS PROBABLY VERY SMALL.
• IT IS PARTLY BLENDED IN WITH THE TRICEPS, WHICH IT ASSISTS
IN EXTENSION OF THE FORMARM.
• IT IS STABILIZES THE ELBOW DURING PRONATION AND PULLS
SLACK OUT OF THE EL BOW JOINT CAPSULE DURING
EXTENSION TO PREVENT IMPIGEMENT.

15. EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
• IS A MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FORMARM
PRESENT IN HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS.
• IT EXTENDS THE MEDIAL FOUR DIGITS OF THE
HAND.
• EXTENSOR DIGITORUM ISD INNERVATED BY
THE POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE, WHICH
IS A BRANCH OF THE RADIAL NERVE.

16. EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
• SERVES TO EXTEND AND ADDUCT THE HAND AT
THE WRIST AND ALSO PROVIDES MEDIAL STABILITY
TO THE WRIST.
• IT IS A THIN MUSCLE WHICH HAS FIBERS
ORIGINATING FROM BOTH THE DISTAL HUMERUS,
AS A PART OF THE COMMO-EXTENSOR TENDON,
AS WELL AS THE PROXIMAL ULNA.

17. GLUTEUS MEDIUS MUSCLE
• IS ONE OF THE MUSCLE ON THE SIDE OF YOUR HIP.
• IT RESIDES UNDERNEATH YOUR GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
MUSCLE (BUTTOCKS MUSCLE), AND WORKS WITH
ANOTHER SMALL MUSCLE, THE GLUTEUS MINIMUS,
TO HELP SUPPORT YOUR HIP.
• HIGHLY FUNCTIONAL HELPS WUITH HIP MOVEMENT.
• IT ASSIST ALONG THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE ILIUYM,
NEAR THE PELVIS, BETWEEN THE POSTERIOR AND
MIDDLE GLUTEUS LINES.

18. TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
• IS A MUSCLE OF THE THIGH.
• TOGETHER WITH GLUTEUS MAXIMUS, IT ACTS ON THE
ILIOTIBIAL BAND AND IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE
ILIOTIBIA, TRACT, WHICH ATTACHSE TO THE TIBIA.
• HELPS STABILISE THE HIP AND KNEE.
• IF WE’RE GETTING REALLY TECHNICAL, IT ASSISTS WITH
INTERNAL ROTATION, FLEXION, AND ABDUCTION OF
THE HIP.

19. ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
• THE ADDUCTOR MAGNUS CAN BE
LIKEND TO THE DELTOID MUSCLE;
ONE PORTION FLEXES THE THIGH
AND WORKS AS A MEDIAL ROTATOR
WHILE THE OTHER EXTENDS THE
THIGH AND IS A LATERAL ROTATOR,
AND BOTH PORTIONS ADDUCT THE
THIGH.

20. SEMITENDINOUSUS
• MUSCLE COLLECTIVELY WITH THE OTHER TWO
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE THIGH WORK TO EXTEND AT THE HIP AND
FLEX AT THE KNEE.
• THE SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLE, IN PARTICULAR,
HAS THE ADDED FUNCTIONALITY OF ASSISTING
THE POPLITEUS MUSCLE IN ROTATING THE LEG
INTERNALLY.

21. GRACILIS
• IS THE MOST SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE ON THE
MEDIAL SIDE OF THE THIGH.
• IT IS THIN AND FLATTENED, BROAD ABOVE,
NARROW AND TAPERING BELOW.
• DUE TO IT’S ATTACHMENT ON THE TIBIA, THE
GRACILIS FLEXES THE KNEE, ADDUCTS THE
THIGH, AND MEDALLY ROTATE THE TIBIA ON
THE FEMUR

22. BICEPS FEMORIS
• INSERTS AT THE LATERAL HEAD OF THE
FIBULA.
• THE BICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE ALONGSIDE
THE SEMITENDINOSUS AND
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS FORM THE
HAMSTRING MUSCLE.
• THESE MUSCLES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
THIGH EXTENSION, KNEE FLEXION, AND
EXTERNAL ROTATION OF BOTH THE HIP
AND LEG.

23. PLANTARIS
* IS A SMALL MUSCLE WITH A SHORT BELLY AND LONG
SLENDER TENDON THAT IS LOCATED AT THE POSTERIOR
COMPARTMENT OF THE LEAG AND ALONG WITH THE
GASTROCNEMIUS AND SOLEUS MUSCLES, FORMS THE
TRICERPS Surae.
* ITS FUNCTION IS TO WORK THE ACHILLIS TIO FLEX THE
ANKLE AND KNEE JOINT BY EXTENDING FROM THE OUTSIDE
(LATR=EARL) BACK OF THE FEMUR (ALLOWING YOU TO STAND
ON YOUR TOES OR POINT YOUR FOOT)

24. GASTROCNEMIUS
• ALSO CALLED TRICEPS, LARGE POSTERIOR MUSCLE OF THE ALF OF THE
LEG.
• IT ORIGINATES AT THE BACK OF THE FEMUR (THIGH BONE) AND
PATELLA (KNEECAP) AND, JOINING THE SOLEUS (ANOTHER MUSCLE
OF THE CALF), IS ATTACHED TO THE ACHILLES TENDON AT THE HEEL.
• PRODUCES FLEXION OF THE LEG AT THE KNEE JOINT AND
PLANARFLEXION OF THE FOOT AT THE TALOCRURAL JOINT (ANKLE
MORTISE).
• IT BECOMS MORE EFFECTIVE WHEN THE KNEE IS IN AND EXTEDED
POSITION AND THE ANKLE IS PLANATRFLEXED.

25. SOLEUS
• IS LOCATED BENEATH THE GASTROCNEMIUS
MUSCLE IN THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR
COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG.
• ITS MAIN FUNCTION IS PLANTAR FLEXION OF THE
ANKLE AND STABILIZING THE TIBIA ON THE
CALCANEUS LIMITING FORWARD SWAY.

28. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!