Gloria Anzaldua was born in South Texas in 1942 and grew up speaking Chicano Spanish. She faced discrimination for her language and culture as a child, being punished for speaking Spanish at school. In her essay "How to Tame a Wild Tongue," Anzaldua discusses the complexity of language and identity for Chicanos, who speak a blend of English and Spanish but are not fully embraced by either language. She argues that forms of Spanish like Chicano Spanish have developed naturally through cultural influences and are a valid way for Chicanos to communicate and express their identity.
Im Proud to be a Hyphenated-AmericanWhat it means to be Asian-.docxsleeperharwell
I'm Proud to be a Hyphenated-American
What it means to be "Asian-American" by
Sam Louie
Posted Jul 04, 2014
EMAIL
·
MORE
As we embark to celebrate another 4th of July to commemorate our country’s Independence from the British, I’m reminded of how divided we are around the notion of how to define “American."
A reader of my column recently lamented that her co-worker is taking a political stand by using the term, “American” to describe anyone born in this country regardless of ethnic heritage as a means of appearing color-blind. In this example, while the notion of being “color-blind sounds laudable, it can also be interpreted as being insensitive to someone’s background, history, and culture. The reader explains, “Call me overly prideful but I strongly prefer the term Asian-American because just saying ‘American’ the way my co-worker did is a tad disrespectful of my family's heritage and our origins and how they shape us today”.
Keep in mind the controversy of hyphenated Americans is not new in this country. Nearly one hundred nears ago in 1915, as America was on the brink of entering World War I, former President Theodore Roosevelt was also openly critical of Americans who had this split
identity. In a speech to a largely Irish Catholic audience he left no doubt where he stood on this issue:
“There is no room in this country for hyphenated Americanism. When I refer to hyphenated Americans, I do not refer to naturalized Americans. Some of the very best Americans I have ever known were naturalized Americans, Americans born abroad. But a hyphenated American is not an American at all … The one absolutely certain way of bringing this nation to ruin, of preventing all possibility of its continuing to be a nation at all, would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities, an intricate knot of German-Americans, Irish-Americans, English-Americans, French-Americans, Scandinavian-Americans or Italian-Americans, each preserving its separate nationality, each at heart feeling more sympathy with Europeans of that nationality, than with the other citizens of the American Republic … There is no such thing as a hyphenated American who is a good American. The only man who is a good American is the man who is an American and nothing else.”1Ad
Part of the
fear from that era was the need for Americans to feel united and reassured in the face of war. Former president Woodrow Wilson also echoed Roosevelt’s concerns, by saying "Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready." 2
This nationalistic fervor and fear of ethnic Americans betraying their country was best exemplified during World War II as more than 110,000 Japanese-Americans were sent to internment camps with grave concerns they would betray their allegiance to America.
Today, the issue of hyphenated.
Revisions is a publication created by the Writing Fellows in the Writing at Queens program at Queens College CUNY.
Spaces of Multilingualism is the 2015 issue.
Professionally Written Literacy NarrativeAlways Living in Sp.docxwkyra78
Professionally Written Literacy Narrative
Always Living in Spanish: Recovering the Familiar, through Language
Marjorie Agosin, a Spanish professor at Wellesley College, wrote this literacy narrative for Poets and Writers magazine in 1999. Originally written in Spanish, I tells of Agosins’s Chilean childhood and continuing connection to the Spanish Language.
In the evenings in the northern hemisphere, I repeat the ancient ritual that I observed as a child in the southern hemisphere: going out while the night is still warm and trying to recognize the stars as it begins to grow dark silently. In the sky of my country, Chile, that long and wide stretch of land that the poets blessed and dictators abused, I could easily name the stars: the three Marias, the Southern Cross, and the three Lilies, names of beloved and courageous women.
But here in the United States, where I have lived since I was a young girl, the solitude of exile makes me feel that so little is mine, that not even the sky has the same constellations, the trees and the fauna the same names or sounds, or the rubbish the same smell. How does one recover the familiar? How does one name the unfamiliar? How can one be another or live in a foreign language? These are the dilemmas of one who writes in Spanish and lives in translation.
Since my earliest childhood in Chile I lived with the tempos and the melodies of a multiplicity of tongues: German, Yiddish, Russian, Turkish, and many Latin songs. Because everyone was from somewhere else, my relatives laughed, sang, and fought in a Babylon of languages. Spanish was reserved for matters of extreme seriousness, for commercial transactions, or for illnesses, but everyone's mother tongue was always associated with the memory of spaces inhabited in the past: the shtetl, the flowering and vast Vienna avenues, the minarets of Turkey, and the Ladino whispers of Toledo. When my paternal grandmother sang old songs in Turkish, her voice and body assumed the passion of one who was there in the city of Istanbul, gazing by turns toward the west and the east.
Destiny and the always ambiguous nature of history continued my family's enforced migration, and because of it I, too, became one who had to live and speak in translation. The disappearances, torture, and clandestine deaths in my country in the early seventies drove us to the United States, that other America that looked with suspicion at those who did not speak English and especially those who came from the supposedly uncivilized regions of Latin America. I had left a dangerous place that was my home, only to arrive in a dangerous place that was not: a high school in the small town of Athens, Georgia, where my poor English and my accent were the cause of ridicule and insult. The only way I could recover my usurped country and my Chilean childhood was by continuing to write in Spanish the same way my grandparents had sung in their own tongues in diasporic sites.
The new and learned English l ...
Richard RodriguezPublic and Private LanguagePhoto of writer, l.docxSUBHI7
Richard Rodriguez
Public and Private Language
Photo of writer, lecturer, and editor Richard Rodriguez.
Richard Rodriguez, the son of Spanish-speaking Mexican American parents, was born in 1944 and grew up in San Francisco, where he currently lives. He earned a BA at Stanford University and graduate degrees in English from Columbia University and the University of California at Berkeley. A writer, lecturer, and editor for the Pacific News Service, Rodriguez has served as a contributing editor for Harper’s Magazine, U.S. News & World Report, and the Sunday Opinion section of the Los Angeles Times. He also regularly contributes to PBS’s NewsHour. His books, which often draw on autobiography to explore race and ethnicity in American society, include Hunger of Memory (1982), from which the following selection is drawn; Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father (1992); and Brown: The Last Discovery of America (2002). In “Public and Private Language,” he recounts the origin of his complex views of bilingual education.
AS YOU READ: Discover the ways in which learning English changed Rodriguez’s life and his relationship with his family.
Supporters of bilingual education today imply that students like me miss a great deal by not being taught in their family’s language. What they seem not to recognize is that, as a socially disadvantaged child, I considered Spanish to be a private language. What I needed to learn in school was that I had the right — and the obligation — to speak the public language of los gringos.° The odd truth is that my first-grade classmates could have become bilingual, in the conventional sense of that word, more easily than I. Had they been taught (as upper-middle-class children are often taught early) a second language like Spanish or French, they could have regarded it simply as that: another public language. In my case such bilingualism could not have been so quickly achieved. What I did not believe was that I could speak a single public language.
los gringos: Spanish for “foreigners,” often used as a derogatory term for English-speaking Americans.
Without question, it would have pleased me to hear my teachers address me in Spanish when I entered the classroom. I would have felt much less afraid. I would have trusted them and responded with ease. But I would have delayed — for how long postponed? — having to learn the language of public society. I would have evaded — and for how long could I have afforded to delay? — learning the great lesson of school, that I had a public identity.
Fortunately, my teachers were unsentimental about their responsibility. What they understood was that I needed to speak a public language. So their voices would search me out, asking me questions. Each time I’d hear them, I’d look up in surprise to see a nun’s face frowning at me. I’d mumble, not really meaning to answer. The nun would persist, “Richard, stand up. Don’t look at the floor. Speak up. Speak to the entire class, not just t ...
Im Proud to be a Hyphenated-AmericanWhat it means to be Asian-.docxsleeperharwell
I'm Proud to be a Hyphenated-American
What it means to be "Asian-American" by
Sam Louie
Posted Jul 04, 2014
EMAIL
·
MORE
As we embark to celebrate another 4th of July to commemorate our country’s Independence from the British, I’m reminded of how divided we are around the notion of how to define “American."
A reader of my column recently lamented that her co-worker is taking a political stand by using the term, “American” to describe anyone born in this country regardless of ethnic heritage as a means of appearing color-blind. In this example, while the notion of being “color-blind sounds laudable, it can also be interpreted as being insensitive to someone’s background, history, and culture. The reader explains, “Call me overly prideful but I strongly prefer the term Asian-American because just saying ‘American’ the way my co-worker did is a tad disrespectful of my family's heritage and our origins and how they shape us today”.
Keep in mind the controversy of hyphenated Americans is not new in this country. Nearly one hundred nears ago in 1915, as America was on the brink of entering World War I, former President Theodore Roosevelt was also openly critical of Americans who had this split
identity. In a speech to a largely Irish Catholic audience he left no doubt where he stood on this issue:
“There is no room in this country for hyphenated Americanism. When I refer to hyphenated Americans, I do not refer to naturalized Americans. Some of the very best Americans I have ever known were naturalized Americans, Americans born abroad. But a hyphenated American is not an American at all … The one absolutely certain way of bringing this nation to ruin, of preventing all possibility of its continuing to be a nation at all, would be to permit it to become a tangle of squabbling nationalities, an intricate knot of German-Americans, Irish-Americans, English-Americans, French-Americans, Scandinavian-Americans or Italian-Americans, each preserving its separate nationality, each at heart feeling more sympathy with Europeans of that nationality, than with the other citizens of the American Republic … There is no such thing as a hyphenated American who is a good American. The only man who is a good American is the man who is an American and nothing else.”1Ad
Part of the
fear from that era was the need for Americans to feel united and reassured in the face of war. Former president Woodrow Wilson also echoed Roosevelt’s concerns, by saying "Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready." 2
This nationalistic fervor and fear of ethnic Americans betraying their country was best exemplified during World War II as more than 110,000 Japanese-Americans were sent to internment camps with grave concerns they would betray their allegiance to America.
Today, the issue of hyphenated.
Revisions is a publication created by the Writing Fellows in the Writing at Queens program at Queens College CUNY.
Spaces of Multilingualism is the 2015 issue.
Professionally Written Literacy NarrativeAlways Living in Sp.docxwkyra78
Professionally Written Literacy Narrative
Always Living in Spanish: Recovering the Familiar, through Language
Marjorie Agosin, a Spanish professor at Wellesley College, wrote this literacy narrative for Poets and Writers magazine in 1999. Originally written in Spanish, I tells of Agosins’s Chilean childhood and continuing connection to the Spanish Language.
In the evenings in the northern hemisphere, I repeat the ancient ritual that I observed as a child in the southern hemisphere: going out while the night is still warm and trying to recognize the stars as it begins to grow dark silently. In the sky of my country, Chile, that long and wide stretch of land that the poets blessed and dictators abused, I could easily name the stars: the three Marias, the Southern Cross, and the three Lilies, names of beloved and courageous women.
But here in the United States, where I have lived since I was a young girl, the solitude of exile makes me feel that so little is mine, that not even the sky has the same constellations, the trees and the fauna the same names or sounds, or the rubbish the same smell. How does one recover the familiar? How does one name the unfamiliar? How can one be another or live in a foreign language? These are the dilemmas of one who writes in Spanish and lives in translation.
Since my earliest childhood in Chile I lived with the tempos and the melodies of a multiplicity of tongues: German, Yiddish, Russian, Turkish, and many Latin songs. Because everyone was from somewhere else, my relatives laughed, sang, and fought in a Babylon of languages. Spanish was reserved for matters of extreme seriousness, for commercial transactions, or for illnesses, but everyone's mother tongue was always associated with the memory of spaces inhabited in the past: the shtetl, the flowering and vast Vienna avenues, the minarets of Turkey, and the Ladino whispers of Toledo. When my paternal grandmother sang old songs in Turkish, her voice and body assumed the passion of one who was there in the city of Istanbul, gazing by turns toward the west and the east.
Destiny and the always ambiguous nature of history continued my family's enforced migration, and because of it I, too, became one who had to live and speak in translation. The disappearances, torture, and clandestine deaths in my country in the early seventies drove us to the United States, that other America that looked with suspicion at those who did not speak English and especially those who came from the supposedly uncivilized regions of Latin America. I had left a dangerous place that was my home, only to arrive in a dangerous place that was not: a high school in the small town of Athens, Georgia, where my poor English and my accent were the cause of ridicule and insult. The only way I could recover my usurped country and my Chilean childhood was by continuing to write in Spanish the same way my grandparents had sung in their own tongues in diasporic sites.
The new and learned English l ...
Richard RodriguezPublic and Private LanguagePhoto of writer, l.docxSUBHI7
Richard Rodriguez
Public and Private Language
Photo of writer, lecturer, and editor Richard Rodriguez.
Richard Rodriguez, the son of Spanish-speaking Mexican American parents, was born in 1944 and grew up in San Francisco, where he currently lives. He earned a BA at Stanford University and graduate degrees in English from Columbia University and the University of California at Berkeley. A writer, lecturer, and editor for the Pacific News Service, Rodriguez has served as a contributing editor for Harper’s Magazine, U.S. News & World Report, and the Sunday Opinion section of the Los Angeles Times. He also regularly contributes to PBS’s NewsHour. His books, which often draw on autobiography to explore race and ethnicity in American society, include Hunger of Memory (1982), from which the following selection is drawn; Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father (1992); and Brown: The Last Discovery of America (2002). In “Public and Private Language,” he recounts the origin of his complex views of bilingual education.
AS YOU READ: Discover the ways in which learning English changed Rodriguez’s life and his relationship with his family.
Supporters of bilingual education today imply that students like me miss a great deal by not being taught in their family’s language. What they seem not to recognize is that, as a socially disadvantaged child, I considered Spanish to be a private language. What I needed to learn in school was that I had the right — and the obligation — to speak the public language of los gringos.° The odd truth is that my first-grade classmates could have become bilingual, in the conventional sense of that word, more easily than I. Had they been taught (as upper-middle-class children are often taught early) a second language like Spanish or French, they could have regarded it simply as that: another public language. In my case such bilingualism could not have been so quickly achieved. What I did not believe was that I could speak a single public language.
los gringos: Spanish for “foreigners,” often used as a derogatory term for English-speaking Americans.
Without question, it would have pleased me to hear my teachers address me in Spanish when I entered the classroom. I would have felt much less afraid. I would have trusted them and responded with ease. But I would have delayed — for how long postponed? — having to learn the language of public society. I would have evaded — and for how long could I have afforded to delay? — learning the great lesson of school, that I had a public identity.
Fortunately, my teachers were unsentimental about their responsibility. What they understood was that I needed to speak a public language. So their voices would search me out, asking me questions. Each time I’d hear them, I’d look up in surprise to see a nun’s face frowning at me. I’d mumble, not really meaning to answer. The nun would persist, “Richard, stand up. Don’t look at the floor. Speak up. Speak to the entire class, not just t ...
The PPT is a complete guide for beginners who are willing to learn spanish language.There is everything in this session that a beginner should know and learn.
Speaking Phrases Boricua: Puerto Rican Sayings (Book Preview)Speaking Latino
This is the "Speaking Phrases Boricua: A Collection of Wisdom and Sayings from Puerto Rico" book preview by Jared Romey: http://www.speakinglatino.com/speaking-phrases-boricua/
SPEAKING PHRASES BORICUA BOOK DESCRIPTION:
This follow-up to the Puerto Rican Spanish bestseller, Speaking Boricua, collects the unique Puerto Rican sayings that are passed down from generation to generation. Whether you are looking to share your life's wisdom with Island friends, trying to get a chuckle from colleagues or just want to better understand Puerto Ricans, Speaking Phrases Boricua offers both English and Spanish versions for these wisdoms.
Hundreds of them are translated literally into English, explained and, when available, paired with an English equivalent. Here are a few samples:
· In English something extremely white may be said to be as paler as snow, in Puerto Rican Spanish you can say whiter than a nun's butt-cheek, or más jincho que nalga de monja.
· La gallina vieja da buen caldo, or the old hen makes good broth is a form of saying that a woman's older age does not mean she has lost her touch.
· In English you say make a mountain out of a mole hill, to blow something out of proportion. The Puerto Rican equivalent is ahogarse en un vaso de agua, or to drown in a glass of water.
Speaking Phrases Boricua continues the tradition of Speaking Boricua by using humor to illustrate phrases and their meanings. There is even an index of English sayings with Puerto Rican equivalents.
This book will bring you even closer to understanding Puerto Rican vocabulary and phrases for your conversations as you become more fluent in Puerto Rican Spanish.
============
Website: http://www.SpeakingLatino.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/speakinglatino
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/speakinglatino
Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/speakinglatino
Google +: http://google.com/+SpeakingLatino
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/SpeakingLatino
Tumblr: http://speakinglatino.tumblr.com/
============
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze ou.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze our data, and provide it in a format that can be used to make business decisions. Discuss the steps that you would take to ensure that we create an effective report. What questions would you ask of the users?
Data presentation should be designed to display correct conclusions. What issues should we think about as we prepare data for presentation? Discuss the different methods that we can use to present data in a report. What role does the audience play in selecting how we present the data?
1 PAGE AND A HALF
.
DataInformationKnowledge1. Discuss the relationship between.docxwhittemorelucilla
Data/Information/Knowledge
1. Discuss the relationship between data, information, and knowledge. Support your discussion with at least 3 academically reviewed articles.
2. Why do organization have information deficiency problem? Suggest ways on how to overcome information deficiency problem.
.
DataHole 12 Score67575554555554555757756555656565556556565565666434686664656566664555575656546555557554556655655465555565546555655467555646457664545665556555644554585456546654565546664566665566666675675665665656766555565486555567676645645575555575665455554655556556575555555455654555655666667665654655556657656558536666536755465655455755755666665545656565655555545545666564656443545655646445567547565654565545565676456544455446455755645655665567565554465466665
State Legislatures
(Part I)
POLS 2212
Legislatures, Policy-Making, and Political Science
• Legislative process is only one part of policy-making
• States are better venue for understanding policy-making
process overall
• Interactions between components are more transparent
• Less ‘political theater’ than national level
• More cases, more variation, more data
• What role do legislatures play in the overall policy-making
process??
• How do legislative-executive relations affect policy outcomes??
Agenda Setting
Formulation /
Negotiation
Adoption /
Enactment
Implementation
Evaluation
Revision /
Termination
• Public attention is focused on an issue
• Collective recognition of problem
Agenda Setting
• Potential solutions are offered
• Some public discourse over options
Formulation / Negotiation
•
Solution
is agreed upon and made into official policy /
law
Adoption / Enactment
• Policy is converted into actionable rules
Implementation
• Fairness, effectiveness, efficiency of policy and rules are
evaluated
Evaluation
• Improvements or changes to policy are made
Revision / Termination
Agenda Setting
• Parties
• Public opinion
• Advocacy groups /
entrepreneurs
Formulation /
Negotiation
• Party leadership
• Interest groups
• Legislature type
• Legislative-executive
relations
Adoption / Enactment
• Legislative-executive
relations
Implementation
• Type of executive
• Bureaucracy
Evaluation
• Social scientists
• Advocacy groups
• Legislative
committees
• State courts
Revision / Termination
• State courts
• Federal courts
‘Professional’
Model
‘Citizen-
Legislator’
Model
Work Load
Nearly full-
time
Part-time
Session
Year-round,
annual
Short-term,
possibly
biannual
Compensation
Medium-high
(over median
for state
employees)
Fairly low
Staff
Large, semi-
permanent
Small, likely
shared
Conceptualizing State Legislatures
Professional Hybrid / Mixture Citizen
State Legislatures
• GA Legislature
• $17k base +per
diem
• $22k – $24k total
Discussion Question
• What are some of the potential benefits /
drawbacks of each of these two models??
State Legislatures and Political Careers (Peverill Squire)
• ‘Career’ Legislatures (Congress)
• Sufficiently high pay
• Minimal incentive to ‘move up’
• Expectation of long tenure
• Heavy time commitment
• ‘Springboard’ Legislatures
• Other positions have higher pay, more prestige
• Expectation of limited tenure
• May be term lim.
DataIDSalaryCompa-ratioMidpoint AgePerformance RatingServiceGenderRaiseDegreeGender1GradeDo not manipuilate Data set on this page, copy to another page to make changes154.50.956573485805.70METhe ongoing question that the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)? 228.30.913315280703.90MBNote: to simplfy the analysis, we will assume that jobs within each grade comprise equal work.334.11.100313075513.61FB460.91.06857421001605.51METhe column labels in the table mean:549.21.0254836901605.71MDID – Employee sample number Salary – Salary in thousands 674.11.1066736701204.51MFAge – Age in yearsPerformance Rating - Appraisal rating (employee evaluation score)741.41.0344032100815.71FCService – Years of service (rounded)Gender – 0 = male, 1 = female 822.80.992233290915.81FAMidpoint – salary grade midpoint Raise – percent of last raise9731.089674910010041MFGrade – job/pay gradeDegree (0= BS\BA 1 = MS)1023.31.014233080714.71FAGender1 (Male or Female)Compa-ratio - salary divided by midpoint1124.31.05723411001914.81FA1259.71.0475752952204.50ME1341.81.0444030100214.70FC14251.08523329012161FA1522.60.983233280814.91FA1648.51.213404490405.70MC1763.11.1075727553131FE1836.21.1673131801115.60FB1923.91.039233285104.61MA2035.51.1443144701614.80FB2178.91.1786743951306.31MF2257.61.199484865613.81FD2322.20.964233665613.30FA2453.41.112483075913.80FD2523.61.0282341704040MA2622.30.971232295216.20FA2746.21.156403580703.91MC2874.41.111674495914.40FF2975.61.129675295505.40MF3047.50.9894845901804.30MD3122.90.995232960413.91FA3228.10.906312595405.60MB3363.71.117573590905.51ME3426.90.869312680204.91MB3522.70.987232390415.30FA3624.41.059232775314.30FA3723.81.034232295216.20FA3864.61.1335745951104.50ME3937.31.202312790615.50FB4023.71.031232490206.30MA4140.31.008402580504.30MC4224.41.0592332100815.71FA4372.31.0796742952015.50FF4465.91.1565745901605.21ME4549.91.040483695815.21FD4657.41.0075739752003.91ME47560.982573795505.51ME4868.11.1955734901115.31FE4966.21.1615741952106.60ME5061.71.0835738801204.60ME
Week 1Week 1: Descriptive Statistics, including ProbabilityWhile the lectures will examine our equal pay question from the compa-ratio viewpoint, our weekly assignments will focus onexamining the issue using the salary measure.The purpose of this assignmnent is two fold:1. Demonstrate mastery with Excel tools.2. Develop descriptive statistics to help examine the question.3. Interpret descriptive outcomesThe first issue in examining salary data to determine if we - as a company - are paying males and females equally for doing equal work is to develop somedescriptive statistics to give us something to make a preliminary decision on whether we have an issue or not.1Descriptive Statistics: Develop basic descriptive statistics for SalaryThe first step in analyzing data sets is to find some summary descriptive statistics for key variables. Suggestion: Copy the gender1 and salary columns from the Data tab t.
DataClientRoom QualityFood QualityService Quality1GPG2GGG3GGG4GPG5GGG6PGG7GGG8GPG9PGP10GGG11GGG12PPP13GGG14GGG15GGP16PPP17GGG18GGG19PGP20PGP21GGG22PGP23PPP24GGG25GGG26GPP27GPG28GGG29PPP30PGG31GGG32PPP33PGG34PGP35GGG36PGP37GGG38PGP39GGG40GPG41GPG42GGG43GGP44PGP45PGG46PGG47GPP48GGG49GPP50PPP51GGG52PPG53PPP54GGG55GGG56GGG57GGP58GGG59GPP60PGP61GPP62GGG63GPG64GGG65PPP66GPG67GGG68GGG69GGG70GGP71GGG72GGG73GGG74GGP75GGP76PPP77GGG78GGG79GGP80GGG81GGG82GGG83PGG84GGG85GGG86GPP87GGG88PPP89GGG90PGP91GGG92GGG93GPG94GGG95GPP96PPP97PPP98GPG99PGG100PPP101GPP102PGP103PPG104GPG105GPG106GGG107PGG108PPP109GGG110GGG111GGG112GGG113GGG114GGG115GGG116GGG117GGG118PPP119PPG120GGG121GGG122PPP123GGG124GGG125GGG126GGG127GGG128GGG129PPP130GGG131GGP132PPP133GGG134GGG135GGG136GGG137GGG138GPG139PPP140GGG141PPP142GGG143GGG144PPP145GGG146GGG147GGG148GGG149GGG150GGP151GGG152GGG153GGG154GGG155GGG156GGG157PPP158GPG159GGG160GGG161GGG162PPG163GGP164GGG165PGP166GPG167GGP168PGG169GGG170GGP171GGG172PPP173GGG174GGG175GPG176GGG177GGG178PPG179GGG180GGP181GGG182GGG183GGG184GGG185GPP186GGG187GGG188GGG189GGG190GGG191GGG192GGG193GGG194GGG195GGP196GGG197GGG198GGG199GPP200GGG
Sheet1Room QualityFood QualityService QualityMeanMedianRangeSTDCoefficientVariationComparision
Corporal Punishment: Legal Reform as a Route to Changing
Norms
Jo Becker
Social Research: An International Quarterly, Volume 85, Number 1, Spring
2018, pp. 255-271 (Article)
Published by Johns Hopkins University Press
For additional information about this article
Access provided by Ebsco Publishing (8 May 2018 07:55 GMT)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/692752
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/692752
social research Vol. 85 : No. 1 : Spring 2018 255
Jo Becker
Corporal Punishment:
Legal Reform as a Route
to Changing Norms
THE TERM “HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES” TYPICALLY BRINGS TO MIND CHILD
marriage, female genital mutilation/cutting, and so-called “honor kill-
ings,” but rarely corporal punishment. Yet corporal punishment is
arguably the most pervasive harmful traditional practice children expe-
rience today. In nearly every part of the world, parents use physical
punishment to “discipline” their children. Such corporal punishment
typically takes the form of hitting a child with a bare hand or an object
such as a stick or paddle. A 2014 survey found that four of every five
children between the ages of two and 14—an estimated 1 billion glob-
ally—experience physical punishment in their home on a regular basis
(UNICEF 2014, 96).
The practice of corporal punishment is rooted in both cultural
norms and religious belief. Parents often believe that corporal pun-
ishment will teach children good behavior. They hit their children be-
cause it is socially accepted and because they themselves often were
hit growing up. Some religious teachings appear to justify the prac-
tice.1 The adage “spare the rod, spoil the child,” rooted in the Old Tes-
tament Book of Proverbs, suggests not only that corporal pun.
Database Project Charter/Business Case
Khalia Hart
University of Maryland Global Campus
February 21, 2020
Introduction
A database is an electronic collection of data that is built by a user so that they can access, update particular information in the database coherently or rapidly. Today firms employ integrated technology to increase their capacity to serve more clients, keep information well or effectively, organize activities according to the urgency or priorities, accounting records (Tüttelmann F, 2015). Most of the integrated technology depends on multiple databases that supply information relevant in making the decision. Since the business started using databases, their performance increase because the business decisions they make are sound and practical.
Business Problem
The supply chain management is one of the most complicated processes in the business and often at times due to need of detail it gets hard for the supply chain manager to keep the record of the work covered effectively, have enough data to make the decision and also have enough data to monitor the chain of operation (William, 2019). The supply chain has been so crucial for the business because it determines the performance of the company in the industry by assessing the quality of the product produced in the organization, cost of production, the time and effectiveness of distribution network, and overall production operation of the organization.
Operation management has been named as the leading cause of business failure caused by a lack of a system, which the manager or the supervisor can use to monitor the whole system. This is the problem to solve using the database (William, 2019). Using a database, the manager can observe or watch the entire chain from their office, make better decisions by fore- planning approach of the database also make changes within the system when there is the need to cut costs or making the process effective.
Project Scope
Most business organizations are spread in operation, and this is the challenge that makes the supply chain management complex (Tüttelmann F, 2015). This is because the chain is in different localities, and therefore, coordination of operation among the user or the workers becomes a challenge. Through the database system, the business will enjoy proper coordination using the wide Area Network (LAN). Through the LAN network, the company can link computers and cost-effectively share data and communication. Through this system, the company will have a connection and coordination of the processes within the organization. The number of connected devices will range from 10 to 1000, depending on the type of tools and system that is set to facilitate this connection.
Goals and objectives of the system
The purpose of the system that I want to install in the supply chain management is to;
· Monitoring of the supply chain- the system will enable the manager to monitor the system and every process in the order (Gattor.
Databases selected Multiple databases...Full Text (1223 .docxwhittemorelucilla
Databases selected: Multiple databases...
Full Text (1223 words)
Kraft Reformulates Oreo, Scores in China
Julie Jargon. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: May 1, 2008. pg. B.1
Abstract (Summary)
Kraft, the world's second largest food company by revenue, reported a 13% drop in first-quarter net income Wednesday
because of high commodity costs and increased spending on product research and marketing. Television commercials
showed kids twisting apart Oreo cookies, licking the cream center and dipping the chocolate cookie halves into glasses of
milk.
(c) 2008 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Reproduced with permission of copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution
is prohibited without permission.
Unlike its iconic American counterpart, the Oreo sold in China is frequently long, thin, four-layered and coated in chocolate. But
both kinds of cookies have one important thing in common: They are now best sellers.
The Oreo has long been the top-selling cookie in the U.S. market. But Kraft Foods Inc. had to reinvent the Oreo to make it sell
well in the world's most populous nation. While Chinese Oreo sales represent a tiny fraction of Kraft's $37.2 billion in annual
revenue, the cookie's journey in China exemplifies the kind of entrepreneurial transformation that Chief Executive Irene
Rosenfeld is trying to spread throughout the food giant.
Kraft, the world's second largest food company by revenue, reported a 13% drop in first-quarter net income Wednesday
because of high commodity costs and increased spending on product research and marketing. Its international business,
which now represents 40% of Kraft's revenue thanks to the company's recent acquisition of Groupe Danone's biscuits
business, was a bright spot in the quarter, aided by the weak dollar. Kraft's profit in the European Union rose 48%, excluding
special charges, and its profit in developing markets rose 57%.
To try to increase growth at the company, Ms. Rosenfeld has been putting more power in the hands of Kraft's various
business units around the globe, telling employees that decisions about Kraft products shouldn't all be made by people at the
Northfield, Ill., headquarters.
To take advantage of the European preference for dark chocolate, Kraft is introducing dark chocolate in Germany under its
Milka brand. Research in Russia showed that consumers there like premium instant coffee, so Kraft is positioning its Carte
Noire freeze-dried coffee as upscale by placing it at film festivals, fashion shows and operas. And in the Philippines, where
iced tea is popular, Kraft last year launched iced-tea-flavored Tang. Ms. Rosenfeld has also been encouraging marketers to
"reframe" product categories, no longer thinking, for example, that an Oreo has to be a round sandwich cookie.
Oreos were first introduced in 1912 in the U.S., but it wasn't until 1996 that Kraft introduced Oreos to Chinese consumers.
Nine years later, a makeover began. Shawn Warren, a 37-year-old .
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN1DATABASE SYS.docxwhittemorelucilla
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 19
Table of Contents
1. Database System Overview 3
1.1 Business Environment 3
1.2 Database system goals and objective 4
2. Entity Relationship Model 7
2.1 Proposed entities 7
2.2 Business rules 8
2.3 Entity–Relationship Model 9
2.3.1 Relationship Types 9
2.3.2 Normalization form 12
2.3.3 Benefit of using database design 14
3. Structured Query Language (SQL) Scripts 15
3.1 Data definition language (DDL) 15
3.2 Data manipulation language (DML) 16
3.3 SQL report 17
3.4 Benefit of using database queries 19
4. Database Administration Plan 20
5. Future Database System Implementation Plan 21
6. References 22
1.
Database System Overview
1.1 Business Environment
Office Depot, Inc is an American retail store company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Florida, United States. The company provides office and school supplies with 1400 retail stores and e-commerce sites. The supply includes everything to their customer like latest technology, core school and office supplies, printing and documenting service, furniture and other services like cell phone repair, tech and marketing service etc.
Recently there were too many complaints from existing and new customer that the online site is super glitch and lagging. Another customer posted that the delivery did not come on the scheduled day. And they cannot track down the order because the website does not have tracking information. Also when the website is down, customer service cannot help to see the order details either and therefore, they feel it’s frustrating to order online and therefore want to cancel the order. One other customer posted in the website grievance section that the “label maker” showed available in the stock even though it was out of stock when verified with the customer service representative. With every product not in stock, we lose opportunity of sale which costs the store. This not only affect customer but also affect company. We are so dependent on the data, most of the time staff has to correct accounting report, sales estimates and invoice customer manually which is very time-consuming in an excel sheet.
In order to solve above issues and avoid sales loss, Office Depot must have a database to store and maintain correct count of the products. This database will help inventory management i.e. tracking products, update inventory, find popular or less popular item, loss prevention, track inventory status and perform data mining. The staff can access this database via a computerized database. (Gerald H., Importance of inventory database retail)1.2 Database system goals and objective
The mission of the company is to become number one retail company by creating inclusive environment and great shopping experience where both customer and employees are respected and valued. To achieve the retail store mission, we are committed to provide secure and robust data base system for ou.
Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting office.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting officer's technical representative, a Security System Engineer, at a military hospital. Your department's leaders are adopting a new medical health care database management system. And they've tasked you to create a request for proposal for which different vendors will compete to build and provide to the hospital. A Request For Proposal, or RFP, is when an organization sends out a request for estimates on performing a function, delivering a technology, or providing a service or augmenting staff. RFPs are tailored to each endeavor but have common components and are important in the world of IT contracting and for procurement and acquisitions. To complete the RFP, you must determine the technical and security specifications for the system. You'll write the requirements for the overall system and also provide evaluation standards that will be used in rating the vendor's performance. Your learning will help you determine your system's requirements. As you discover methods of attack, you'll write prevention and remediation requirements for the vendor to perform. You must identify the different vulnerabilities the database should be hardened against.
Modern healthcare systems incorporate databases for effective and efficient management of patient healthcare. Databases are vulnerable to cyberattacks and must be designed and built with security controls from the beginning of the life cycle. Although hardening the database early in the life cycle is better, security is often incorporated after deployment, forcing hospital and healthcare IT professionals to play catch-up. Database security requirements should be defined at the requirements stage of acquisition and procurement.
System security engineers and other acquisition personnel can effectively assist vendors in building better healthcare database systems by specifying security requirements up front within the request for proposal (RFP). In this project, you will be developing an RFP for a new medical healthcare database management system.
Parts of your deliverables will be developed through your learning lab. You will submit the following deliverables for this project:
Deliverables
• An RFP, about 10 to 12 pages, in the form of a double-spaced Word document with citations in APA format. The page count does not include figures, diagrams, tables, or citations. There is no penalty for using additional pages. Include a minimum of six references. Include a reference list with the report.
• An MS-Excel spreadsheet with lab results.
There are 11 steps in this project. You will begin with the workplace scenario and continue with Step 1: "Provide an Overview for Vendors."
Step 1: Provide an Overview for Vendors
As the contracting officer's technical representative (COTR), you are the liaison between your hospital and potential vendors. It is your duty to provide vendors with an overview of your organization. To do so, identify infor.
Database Design Mid Term ExamSpring 2020Name ________________.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Design Mid Term Exam
Spring 2020
Name: ____________________________
1. What is a data model?
A. method of storing files on a disk drive
B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures
C. name of system for designing software
D. method of designing invoices for customers
2. A Relationship Database system consists of 3 parts: a client front end for sending information to a command processor, a middle tier that interprets user commands, and a management frame work for storing, organizing and securing data.
a. True
b. False
3. What are the 3 components of a table:
A. Row, column, value
B. Row, top, bottom
C. Column, row, top
D. Top, middle, end
4. What does the column represent in a table?
a. Attribute of the table records
b. A complete record in the table
c. The system log from the database
d. A list of database tables
5. What does a row in the table represent?
a. A complete data record
b. List of system logs
c. A list of file systems on database server
d. The primary keys from all the tables.
6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)?
a. UPDATE
b. V$SYSLOG
c. CREATE
d. DETAIN
7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)?
A. SELECT
B. ABORT
C. GRANT
D. REVOKE
8. A _______ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table.
9. A _______ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables.
10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. ROW
B. Column
C. single attribute
D. all tables in the database
11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. COLUMN
B. ROW
C. Single Attribute
D. a list of tables in the database
12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram?
A. 1 to 1
B. 1 to Many
C. Many to Many
D. All the above
E. None of the above
13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)?
A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related
b. list of the log files in the database.
C. list of all the tablespace names in a database
D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive.
14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is:
A. ZERO
b. NULL
c. ZILTCH
D. NONE
15. A ____________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis.
16. Briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of storing a derived attribute?
17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data classification or architecture that databases can process:
A. Structured
B. Semi-structured
C. undelimited
D. Unstructured
18. The process by which functional/partial dependency and transitive dependency is removed from a database table is called:
a. sharding
b. normalization
c. defragmentation
d. reallocation
.
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This is the "Speaking Phrases Boricua: A Collection of Wisdom and Sayings from Puerto Rico" book preview by Jared Romey: http://www.speakinglatino.com/speaking-phrases-boricua/
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Hundreds of them are translated literally into English, explained and, when available, paired with an English equivalent. Here are a few samples:
· In English something extremely white may be said to be as paler as snow, in Puerto Rican Spanish you can say whiter than a nun's butt-cheek, or más jincho que nalga de monja.
· La gallina vieja da buen caldo, or the old hen makes good broth is a form of saying that a woman's older age does not mean she has lost her touch.
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Speaking Phrases Boricua continues the tradition of Speaking Boricua by using humor to illustrate phrases and their meanings. There is even an index of English sayings with Puerto Rican equivalents.
This book will bring you even closer to understanding Puerto Rican vocabulary and phrases for your conversations as you become more fluent in Puerto Rican Spanish.
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Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze ou.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze our data, and provide it in a format that can be used to make business decisions. Discuss the steps that you would take to ensure that we create an effective report. What questions would you ask of the users?
Data presentation should be designed to display correct conclusions. What issues should we think about as we prepare data for presentation? Discuss the different methods that we can use to present data in a report. What role does the audience play in selecting how we present the data?
1 PAGE AND A HALF
.
DataInformationKnowledge1. Discuss the relationship between.docxwhittemorelucilla
Data/Information/Knowledge
1. Discuss the relationship between data, information, and knowledge. Support your discussion with at least 3 academically reviewed articles.
2. Why do organization have information deficiency problem? Suggest ways on how to overcome information deficiency problem.
.
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State Legislatures
(Part I)
POLS 2212
Legislatures, Policy-Making, and Political Science
• Legislative process is only one part of policy-making
• States are better venue for understanding policy-making
process overall
• Interactions between components are more transparent
• Less ‘political theater’ than national level
• More cases, more variation, more data
• What role do legislatures play in the overall policy-making
process??
• How do legislative-executive relations affect policy outcomes??
Agenda Setting
Formulation /
Negotiation
Adoption /
Enactment
Implementation
Evaluation
Revision /
Termination
• Public attention is focused on an issue
• Collective recognition of problem
Agenda Setting
• Potential solutions are offered
• Some public discourse over options
Formulation / Negotiation
•
Solution
is agreed upon and made into official policy /
law
Adoption / Enactment
• Policy is converted into actionable rules
Implementation
• Fairness, effectiveness, efficiency of policy and rules are
evaluated
Evaluation
• Improvements or changes to policy are made
Revision / Termination
Agenda Setting
• Parties
• Public opinion
• Advocacy groups /
entrepreneurs
Formulation /
Negotiation
• Party leadership
• Interest groups
• Legislature type
• Legislative-executive
relations
Adoption / Enactment
• Legislative-executive
relations
Implementation
• Type of executive
• Bureaucracy
Evaluation
• Social scientists
• Advocacy groups
• Legislative
committees
• State courts
Revision / Termination
• State courts
• Federal courts
‘Professional’
Model
‘Citizen-
Legislator’
Model
Work Load
Nearly full-
time
Part-time
Session
Year-round,
annual
Short-term,
possibly
biannual
Compensation
Medium-high
(over median
for state
employees)
Fairly low
Staff
Large, semi-
permanent
Small, likely
shared
Conceptualizing State Legislatures
Professional Hybrid / Mixture Citizen
State Legislatures
• GA Legislature
• $17k base +per
diem
• $22k – $24k total
Discussion Question
• What are some of the potential benefits /
drawbacks of each of these two models??
State Legislatures and Political Careers (Peverill Squire)
• ‘Career’ Legislatures (Congress)
• Sufficiently high pay
• Minimal incentive to ‘move up’
• Expectation of long tenure
• Heavy time commitment
• ‘Springboard’ Legislatures
• Other positions have higher pay, more prestige
• Expectation of limited tenure
• May be term lim.
DataIDSalaryCompa-ratioMidpoint AgePerformance RatingServiceGenderRaiseDegreeGender1GradeDo not manipuilate Data set on this page, copy to another page to make changes154.50.956573485805.70METhe ongoing question that the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)? 228.30.913315280703.90MBNote: to simplfy the analysis, we will assume that jobs within each grade comprise equal work.334.11.100313075513.61FB460.91.06857421001605.51METhe column labels in the table mean:549.21.0254836901605.71MDID – Employee sample number Salary – Salary in thousands 674.11.1066736701204.51MFAge – Age in yearsPerformance Rating - Appraisal rating (employee evaluation score)741.41.0344032100815.71FCService – Years of service (rounded)Gender – 0 = male, 1 = female 822.80.992233290915.81FAMidpoint – salary grade midpoint Raise – percent of last raise9731.089674910010041MFGrade – job/pay gradeDegree (0= BS\BA 1 = MS)1023.31.014233080714.71FAGender1 (Male or Female)Compa-ratio - salary divided by midpoint1124.31.05723411001914.81FA1259.71.0475752952204.50ME1341.81.0444030100214.70FC14251.08523329012161FA1522.60.983233280814.91FA1648.51.213404490405.70MC1763.11.1075727553131FE1836.21.1673131801115.60FB1923.91.039233285104.61MA2035.51.1443144701614.80FB2178.91.1786743951306.31MF2257.61.199484865613.81FD2322.20.964233665613.30FA2453.41.112483075913.80FD2523.61.0282341704040MA2622.30.971232295216.20FA2746.21.156403580703.91MC2874.41.111674495914.40FF2975.61.129675295505.40MF3047.50.9894845901804.30MD3122.90.995232960413.91FA3228.10.906312595405.60MB3363.71.117573590905.51ME3426.90.869312680204.91MB3522.70.987232390415.30FA3624.41.059232775314.30FA3723.81.034232295216.20FA3864.61.1335745951104.50ME3937.31.202312790615.50FB4023.71.031232490206.30MA4140.31.008402580504.30MC4224.41.0592332100815.71FA4372.31.0796742952015.50FF4465.91.1565745901605.21ME4549.91.040483695815.21FD4657.41.0075739752003.91ME47560.982573795505.51ME4868.11.1955734901115.31FE4966.21.1615741952106.60ME5061.71.0835738801204.60ME
Week 1Week 1: Descriptive Statistics, including ProbabilityWhile the lectures will examine our equal pay question from the compa-ratio viewpoint, our weekly assignments will focus onexamining the issue using the salary measure.The purpose of this assignmnent is two fold:1. Demonstrate mastery with Excel tools.2. Develop descriptive statistics to help examine the question.3. Interpret descriptive outcomesThe first issue in examining salary data to determine if we - as a company - are paying males and females equally for doing equal work is to develop somedescriptive statistics to give us something to make a preliminary decision on whether we have an issue or not.1Descriptive Statistics: Develop basic descriptive statistics for SalaryThe first step in analyzing data sets is to find some summary descriptive statistics for key variables. Suggestion: Copy the gender1 and salary columns from the Data tab t.
DataClientRoom QualityFood QualityService Quality1GPG2GGG3GGG4GPG5GGG6PGG7GGG8GPG9PGP10GGG11GGG12PPP13GGG14GGG15GGP16PPP17GGG18GGG19PGP20PGP21GGG22PGP23PPP24GGG25GGG26GPP27GPG28GGG29PPP30PGG31GGG32PPP33PGG34PGP35GGG36PGP37GGG38PGP39GGG40GPG41GPG42GGG43GGP44PGP45PGG46PGG47GPP48GGG49GPP50PPP51GGG52PPG53PPP54GGG55GGG56GGG57GGP58GGG59GPP60PGP61GPP62GGG63GPG64GGG65PPP66GPG67GGG68GGG69GGG70GGP71GGG72GGG73GGG74GGP75GGP76PPP77GGG78GGG79GGP80GGG81GGG82GGG83PGG84GGG85GGG86GPP87GGG88PPP89GGG90PGP91GGG92GGG93GPG94GGG95GPP96PPP97PPP98GPG99PGG100PPP101GPP102PGP103PPG104GPG105GPG106GGG107PGG108PPP109GGG110GGG111GGG112GGG113GGG114GGG115GGG116GGG117GGG118PPP119PPG120GGG121GGG122PPP123GGG124GGG125GGG126GGG127GGG128GGG129PPP130GGG131GGP132PPP133GGG134GGG135GGG136GGG137GGG138GPG139PPP140GGG141PPP142GGG143GGG144PPP145GGG146GGG147GGG148GGG149GGG150GGP151GGG152GGG153GGG154GGG155GGG156GGG157PPP158GPG159GGG160GGG161GGG162PPG163GGP164GGG165PGP166GPG167GGP168PGG169GGG170GGP171GGG172PPP173GGG174GGG175GPG176GGG177GGG178PPG179GGG180GGP181GGG182GGG183GGG184GGG185GPP186GGG187GGG188GGG189GGG190GGG191GGG192GGG193GGG194GGG195GGP196GGG197GGG198GGG199GPP200GGG
Sheet1Room QualityFood QualityService QualityMeanMedianRangeSTDCoefficientVariationComparision
Corporal Punishment: Legal Reform as a Route to Changing
Norms
Jo Becker
Social Research: An International Quarterly, Volume 85, Number 1, Spring
2018, pp. 255-271 (Article)
Published by Johns Hopkins University Press
For additional information about this article
Access provided by Ebsco Publishing (8 May 2018 07:55 GMT)
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/692752
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/692752
social research Vol. 85 : No. 1 : Spring 2018 255
Jo Becker
Corporal Punishment:
Legal Reform as a Route
to Changing Norms
THE TERM “HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES” TYPICALLY BRINGS TO MIND CHILD
marriage, female genital mutilation/cutting, and so-called “honor kill-
ings,” but rarely corporal punishment. Yet corporal punishment is
arguably the most pervasive harmful traditional practice children expe-
rience today. In nearly every part of the world, parents use physical
punishment to “discipline” their children. Such corporal punishment
typically takes the form of hitting a child with a bare hand or an object
such as a stick or paddle. A 2014 survey found that four of every five
children between the ages of two and 14—an estimated 1 billion glob-
ally—experience physical punishment in their home on a regular basis
(UNICEF 2014, 96).
The practice of corporal punishment is rooted in both cultural
norms and religious belief. Parents often believe that corporal pun-
ishment will teach children good behavior. They hit their children be-
cause it is socially accepted and because they themselves often were
hit growing up. Some religious teachings appear to justify the prac-
tice.1 The adage “spare the rod, spoil the child,” rooted in the Old Tes-
tament Book of Proverbs, suggests not only that corporal pun.
Database Project Charter/Business Case
Khalia Hart
University of Maryland Global Campus
February 21, 2020
Introduction
A database is an electronic collection of data that is built by a user so that they can access, update particular information in the database coherently or rapidly. Today firms employ integrated technology to increase their capacity to serve more clients, keep information well or effectively, organize activities according to the urgency or priorities, accounting records (Tüttelmann F, 2015). Most of the integrated technology depends on multiple databases that supply information relevant in making the decision. Since the business started using databases, their performance increase because the business decisions they make are sound and practical.
Business Problem
The supply chain management is one of the most complicated processes in the business and often at times due to need of detail it gets hard for the supply chain manager to keep the record of the work covered effectively, have enough data to make the decision and also have enough data to monitor the chain of operation (William, 2019). The supply chain has been so crucial for the business because it determines the performance of the company in the industry by assessing the quality of the product produced in the organization, cost of production, the time and effectiveness of distribution network, and overall production operation of the organization.
Operation management has been named as the leading cause of business failure caused by a lack of a system, which the manager or the supervisor can use to monitor the whole system. This is the problem to solve using the database (William, 2019). Using a database, the manager can observe or watch the entire chain from their office, make better decisions by fore- planning approach of the database also make changes within the system when there is the need to cut costs or making the process effective.
Project Scope
Most business organizations are spread in operation, and this is the challenge that makes the supply chain management complex (Tüttelmann F, 2015). This is because the chain is in different localities, and therefore, coordination of operation among the user or the workers becomes a challenge. Through the database system, the business will enjoy proper coordination using the wide Area Network (LAN). Through the LAN network, the company can link computers and cost-effectively share data and communication. Through this system, the company will have a connection and coordination of the processes within the organization. The number of connected devices will range from 10 to 1000, depending on the type of tools and system that is set to facilitate this connection.
Goals and objectives of the system
The purpose of the system that I want to install in the supply chain management is to;
· Monitoring of the supply chain- the system will enable the manager to monitor the system and every process in the order (Gattor.
Databases selected Multiple databases...Full Text (1223 .docxwhittemorelucilla
Databases selected: Multiple databases...
Full Text (1223 words)
Kraft Reformulates Oreo, Scores in China
Julie Jargon. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: May 1, 2008. pg. B.1
Abstract (Summary)
Kraft, the world's second largest food company by revenue, reported a 13% drop in first-quarter net income Wednesday
because of high commodity costs and increased spending on product research and marketing. Television commercials
showed kids twisting apart Oreo cookies, licking the cream center and dipping the chocolate cookie halves into glasses of
milk.
(c) 2008 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Reproduced with permission of copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution
is prohibited without permission.
Unlike its iconic American counterpart, the Oreo sold in China is frequently long, thin, four-layered and coated in chocolate. But
both kinds of cookies have one important thing in common: They are now best sellers.
The Oreo has long been the top-selling cookie in the U.S. market. But Kraft Foods Inc. had to reinvent the Oreo to make it sell
well in the world's most populous nation. While Chinese Oreo sales represent a tiny fraction of Kraft's $37.2 billion in annual
revenue, the cookie's journey in China exemplifies the kind of entrepreneurial transformation that Chief Executive Irene
Rosenfeld is trying to spread throughout the food giant.
Kraft, the world's second largest food company by revenue, reported a 13% drop in first-quarter net income Wednesday
because of high commodity costs and increased spending on product research and marketing. Its international business,
which now represents 40% of Kraft's revenue thanks to the company's recent acquisition of Groupe Danone's biscuits
business, was a bright spot in the quarter, aided by the weak dollar. Kraft's profit in the European Union rose 48%, excluding
special charges, and its profit in developing markets rose 57%.
To try to increase growth at the company, Ms. Rosenfeld has been putting more power in the hands of Kraft's various
business units around the globe, telling employees that decisions about Kraft products shouldn't all be made by people at the
Northfield, Ill., headquarters.
To take advantage of the European preference for dark chocolate, Kraft is introducing dark chocolate in Germany under its
Milka brand. Research in Russia showed that consumers there like premium instant coffee, so Kraft is positioning its Carte
Noire freeze-dried coffee as upscale by placing it at film festivals, fashion shows and operas. And in the Philippines, where
iced tea is popular, Kraft last year launched iced-tea-flavored Tang. Ms. Rosenfeld has also been encouraging marketers to
"reframe" product categories, no longer thinking, for example, that an Oreo has to be a round sandwich cookie.
Oreos were first introduced in 1912 in the U.S., but it wasn't until 1996 that Kraft introduced Oreos to Chinese consumers.
Nine years later, a makeover began. Shawn Warren, a 37-year-old .
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN1DATABASE SYS.docxwhittemorelucilla
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 19
Table of Contents
1. Database System Overview 3
1.1 Business Environment 3
1.2 Database system goals and objective 4
2. Entity Relationship Model 7
2.1 Proposed entities 7
2.2 Business rules 8
2.3 Entity–Relationship Model 9
2.3.1 Relationship Types 9
2.3.2 Normalization form 12
2.3.3 Benefit of using database design 14
3. Structured Query Language (SQL) Scripts 15
3.1 Data definition language (DDL) 15
3.2 Data manipulation language (DML) 16
3.3 SQL report 17
3.4 Benefit of using database queries 19
4. Database Administration Plan 20
5. Future Database System Implementation Plan 21
6. References 22
1.
Database System Overview
1.1 Business Environment
Office Depot, Inc is an American retail store company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Florida, United States. The company provides office and school supplies with 1400 retail stores and e-commerce sites. The supply includes everything to their customer like latest technology, core school and office supplies, printing and documenting service, furniture and other services like cell phone repair, tech and marketing service etc.
Recently there were too many complaints from existing and new customer that the online site is super glitch and lagging. Another customer posted that the delivery did not come on the scheduled day. And they cannot track down the order because the website does not have tracking information. Also when the website is down, customer service cannot help to see the order details either and therefore, they feel it’s frustrating to order online and therefore want to cancel the order. One other customer posted in the website grievance section that the “label maker” showed available in the stock even though it was out of stock when verified with the customer service representative. With every product not in stock, we lose opportunity of sale which costs the store. This not only affect customer but also affect company. We are so dependent on the data, most of the time staff has to correct accounting report, sales estimates and invoice customer manually which is very time-consuming in an excel sheet.
In order to solve above issues and avoid sales loss, Office Depot must have a database to store and maintain correct count of the products. This database will help inventory management i.e. tracking products, update inventory, find popular or less popular item, loss prevention, track inventory status and perform data mining. The staff can access this database via a computerized database. (Gerald H., Importance of inventory database retail)1.2 Database system goals and objective
The mission of the company is to become number one retail company by creating inclusive environment and great shopping experience where both customer and employees are respected and valued. To achieve the retail store mission, we are committed to provide secure and robust data base system for ou.
Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting office.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting officer's technical representative, a Security System Engineer, at a military hospital. Your department's leaders are adopting a new medical health care database management system. And they've tasked you to create a request for proposal for which different vendors will compete to build and provide to the hospital. A Request For Proposal, or RFP, is when an organization sends out a request for estimates on performing a function, delivering a technology, or providing a service or augmenting staff. RFPs are tailored to each endeavor but have common components and are important in the world of IT contracting and for procurement and acquisitions. To complete the RFP, you must determine the technical and security specifications for the system. You'll write the requirements for the overall system and also provide evaluation standards that will be used in rating the vendor's performance. Your learning will help you determine your system's requirements. As you discover methods of attack, you'll write prevention and remediation requirements for the vendor to perform. You must identify the different vulnerabilities the database should be hardened against.
Modern healthcare systems incorporate databases for effective and efficient management of patient healthcare. Databases are vulnerable to cyberattacks and must be designed and built with security controls from the beginning of the life cycle. Although hardening the database early in the life cycle is better, security is often incorporated after deployment, forcing hospital and healthcare IT professionals to play catch-up. Database security requirements should be defined at the requirements stage of acquisition and procurement.
System security engineers and other acquisition personnel can effectively assist vendors in building better healthcare database systems by specifying security requirements up front within the request for proposal (RFP). In this project, you will be developing an RFP for a new medical healthcare database management system.
Parts of your deliverables will be developed through your learning lab. You will submit the following deliverables for this project:
Deliverables
• An RFP, about 10 to 12 pages, in the form of a double-spaced Word document with citations in APA format. The page count does not include figures, diagrams, tables, or citations. There is no penalty for using additional pages. Include a minimum of six references. Include a reference list with the report.
• An MS-Excel spreadsheet with lab results.
There are 11 steps in this project. You will begin with the workplace scenario and continue with Step 1: "Provide an Overview for Vendors."
Step 1: Provide an Overview for Vendors
As the contracting officer's technical representative (COTR), you are the liaison between your hospital and potential vendors. It is your duty to provide vendors with an overview of your organization. To do so, identify infor.
Database Design Mid Term ExamSpring 2020Name ________________.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Design Mid Term Exam
Spring 2020
Name: ____________________________
1. What is a data model?
A. method of storing files on a disk drive
B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures
C. name of system for designing software
D. method of designing invoices for customers
2. A Relationship Database system consists of 3 parts: a client front end for sending information to a command processor, a middle tier that interprets user commands, and a management frame work for storing, organizing and securing data.
a. True
b. False
3. What are the 3 components of a table:
A. Row, column, value
B. Row, top, bottom
C. Column, row, top
D. Top, middle, end
4. What does the column represent in a table?
a. Attribute of the table records
b. A complete record in the table
c. The system log from the database
d. A list of database tables
5. What does a row in the table represent?
a. A complete data record
b. List of system logs
c. A list of file systems on database server
d. The primary keys from all the tables.
6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)?
a. UPDATE
b. V$SYSLOG
c. CREATE
d. DETAIN
7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)?
A. SELECT
B. ABORT
C. GRANT
D. REVOKE
8. A _______ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table.
9. A _______ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables.
10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. ROW
B. Column
C. single attribute
D. all tables in the database
11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. COLUMN
B. ROW
C. Single Attribute
D. a list of tables in the database
12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram?
A. 1 to 1
B. 1 to Many
C. Many to Many
D. All the above
E. None of the above
13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)?
A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related
b. list of the log files in the database.
C. list of all the tablespace names in a database
D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive.
14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is:
A. ZERO
b. NULL
c. ZILTCH
D. NONE
15. A ____________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis.
16. Briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of storing a derived attribute?
17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data classification or architecture that databases can process:
A. Structured
B. Semi-structured
C. undelimited
D. Unstructured
18. The process by which functional/partial dependency and transitive dependency is removed from a database table is called:
a. sharding
b. normalization
c. defragmentation
d. reallocation
.
Database Justification MemoCreate a 1-page memo for the .docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Justification Memo
C
reate
a
1-page
memo for the project stakeholder
explaining
why they should migrate towards a database driven application system
rather
than a static website.
Discuss
the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed changes
AND
Web Services Memo
Create
a 1-page memo to the project stakeholder on the importance of web services including security considerations, scalability, and compatibility.
.
Database Dump Script(Details of project in file)Mac1) O.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Dump Script
(Details of project in file)
Mac:
1) Open up the terminal, or if already in MySQL, get out by typing "exit" and pressing enter.
2) Type:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -u root -p [database name] > /tmp/filename.txt
...where [database name] is the name of the database you want to export. When prompted, type the password. Check the /tmp file for your output.
.
Database Design 1. What is a data model A. method of sto.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Design
1. What is a data model?
A. method of storing files on a disk drive
B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures
C. name of system for designing software
D. method of designing invoices for customers
2. Which of the following are the most important elements of a security program for databases:
a. Integrity, referential index, user rights
b. Confidentiality. Integrity and Availability
c. Availability, multi-master replication, high-bandwidth
d. DBA, System Admin, and PMO
3. Suppose that you have a table with a number of product sales. The product code may repeat in the table as it is likely the same product could be sold multiple times. If you want to produce a list of the unique products that are sold, you could use which of the following keywords in the SELECT statement:
A. LIKE
B. ORDERED BY
C. DISTINCT
D. DIFFERENT
4. What does the column represent in a table?
a. Attribute of the table records
b. A complete record in the table
c. The system log from the database
d. A list of database tables
5. What does a row in the table represent?
a. A complete data record
b. List of system logs
c. A list of file systems on database server
d. The primary keys from all the tables.
6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)?
a. UPDATE
b. V$SYSLOG
c. CREATE
d. DETAIN
7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)?
A. SELECT
B. ABORT
C. GRANT
D. REVOKE
8. A _____________ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table.
9. A _____________ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables.
10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. ROW
B. Column
C. single attribute
D. all tables in the database
11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. COLUMN
B. ROW
C. Single Attribute
D. a list of tables in the database
12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram?
A. 1 to 1
B. 1 to Many
C. Many to Many
D. All the above
E. None of the above
13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)?
A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related
b. list of the log files in the database.
C. list of all the tablespace names in a database
D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive.
14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is:
A. ZERO
b. NULL
c. ZILTCH
D. NONE
15. A __________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis.
16. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of distributed management systems:
a. Concurrency Control
b. Business intelligence
c. Transaction management
d. query optimization
17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data class.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
GLORIA ANZALDUA How to Tame a Wild Tongue Gloria Anzal.docx
1. GLORIA ANZALDUA
How to Tame a Wild Tongue
Gloria Anzaldua was born in 1942 in the Rio Grande Valley of
South
Texas . At age eleven. she began working in the fields as a
migrant worker
and then on her family's land after the death of her father.
Working her
way through school, she eventually became a schoolteacher and
then
an academic, speaking and writing about feminis t, lesbian, and
Chi-
cana issues and about autobiography. She is best known for This
Bridge CalJed My Back: Writin gs by Radical Women of Color (
1981),
which she edited with Cherrie Moraga, and BorderlandsfLa
Frontera:
The New Mestiza (1987). Anzaldua died in 2004.
"How to Tame a Wild Tongue" is from BorderlandsfLa
Frontera.
In it, Anzaldua is concerned with many kinds of borders -
between
nations, cultures, classes, genders, languages. When she writes,
"So, if
you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language" (par.
27),
Anzaldua is arguing for the ways in which identity is
intertwined
with the way we speak and for the ways in which people can be
2. made
to feel ashamed of their own tongues. Keeping hers wild -
ignoring
the closing of linguistic borders - is Anzaldua's way of asserting
her
identity.
"We're going to have to control
your tongue," the dentist says, pulling out all the metal from my
mouth. Silver bits plop and tinkle into the basin. My mouth is a
motherlode .·
The dentist is cleaning out my
roots. I get a whiff of the stench when I gasp. "I can't cap that
tooth yet, you're still draining," he says.
"We're going to have to do some-
thing about your tongue," I hear the anger rising in his voice.
My
tongue keeps pushin g out the wads of cotton, pushing back the
drills , the long thin needles. 'Tve never seen anything as strong
or
as stubborn," he says. And I think, how do you tame a wild
tongue,
33
34 GLORiA ANZALOOA
train it to be quiet, how do you bridle and saddle it? How do
you
make it lie down?
"Who is to say that robbing a people of
3. its language is less violent than war?"
- RAY GWYN SMITH 1
I remember being caught speaking Spanish at recess - that
was good for three licks on the knuckles with a sharp ruler. I
remember being sent to the comer of the classroom for "talking
back" to the Anglo teacher when all I was trying to do was tell
her
how to pronounce my name. "If you want to be Ameri ca n,
speak
'American.' If you don't like it, go back to Mexico where you
belong."
"I want you to speak English. Pa' hallar buen trabajo tienes que
5
saber hablar el ingles bien. Que vale toda lu educaci6 n si
todav{a
!tablas ingles con un 'accent:" my mother would say, mortified
that I spoke English like a Mexi can . At Pan American
University, I
and all Chicano students were required to take two speech
classes.
Their purpose: to get rid of our accents .
Attacks on one's [orm of expression with the intent to ce nsor
are a violation of the First Amendment. El Anglo co n cara de
ino-
cente nos arranc6 la lengua. Wild tongues ca n't be tamed, they
can
only be cut out.
OVERCOMING THE TRADITION OF SILENCE
Ahogadas, escupimos el OSCU1'O.
Peleando con nueSlra propia sombra
4. el silencio nos sepulra.
En boca cerrada no en tran moscas. "Flies don't enter a closed
mouth" is a saying I kept hearing when I was a child. Ser !tabla-
dora was to be a gossip and a liar, to talk too much.
Muchachitas
bien criadas, well-bred girls don't answer back. Es una (alta de
respeto to talk back to one's mother or father. I remember one
of the sins I'd recite to the priest in the co nfession box the few
times I went to confession: talking back to my mother, hablar
pa'
'tras, repelar. Ho cicona, repelona, chismosa, having a big
mouth ,
questioning, carryin g tales are all signs of being mal criada . In
HOW TO TAME A WI LD TONGUE 35
my culture they are all words that are derogatory if applied to
women - I've never heard them applied to men.
The first time I heard two women, a Puerto Rkan and a Cuban,
say the word "nosotras," I was shocked. I had not known the
word
existed. Chicanas use noso tros whether we're male or female .
We
are robbed of our female being by the masculin e plural.
Language
is a male discourse.
And o ur tongues have become
dry the wilderness has
dried out our tongues and
we have forgotten speech.
5. - [RENA KLEPFlSZ 2
Even our own people, other Spanish speakers nos quieren poner
candados en la boca . They would hold us back with their bag of
reglas de academia.
Oye como ladra: ellenguaje de la frontera
Quien tiene boca se equivoca.
- MEXICAN SAYING
"Pocho, cultural traitor, you're speaking the oppressor's lan- 10
guage by speaking English, you're ruining the Spanish
language,"
I have been accused by various Latinos and Latinas. Chicano
Spanish is considered by the purist and by most Latinos
deficient ,
a mutilation of Spanish.
But Chicano Spanish is a border tongue which developed natu-
rally. Change, evoluci6n, enriquecimiento de palabras nuevas
por
invenci6n 0 adopci6n have created variants of Chicano Spanish,
un nuevo lenguaje. Un lenguaje que corresponde a un m odo de
vivir.
Chicano Spanish is not incorrect , it is a living language.
For a people who are neither Spanish nor live in a country in
which Spanish is the first language; for a people who live in a
country in which English is the reigning tongue but who are not
Anglo; for a people who cannot ent irely identify with either
stan-
dard (formal, Castillian) Spanish nor standard English, what
recourse is left to them but to create their own language? A lan-
guage which they can co nnect their identity to, one capable of
6. 36 GLORIA ANZALOOA
communicating the realities and values true to themselves - a
language with terms that are neither espa/;al "i ingles, but both.
We speak a patois, a forked tongue, a variation of two
languages.
Chicano Spanish sprang out of the Chicanos' need to identify
ourselves as a distinct people. We needed a language with
which
we could communicate with ourselves, a secret language. For
some of us, language is a homeland closer than the Southwest-
for many Chicanos today live in the Midwest and the East. And
because we are a complex, heterogeneous people, we speak
many
languages. Some of the languages we speak are:
1. Standard English
2. Working class and slang English
3. Standard Spanish
4. Standard Mexican Spanish
5. North Mexican Spanish dialect
6. Chicano Spanish (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and
California
have regional variations)
7. Tex-Mex
8. Pachuco (called cal6)
My "home" tongues are the languages I speak with my sister
and brothers, with my friends. They are the last five listed, with
6
and 7 being closest to my heali. From school, the media, and job
situations, I've picked up standard and working class English.
7. From Mamagrande Locha and from reading Spanish and Mexi-
can literature, I've picked up Standard Spanish and Standard
Mexican Spanish. From las recitn {{egadas, Mexican
immigrants,
and braceros, I learned the North Mexican dialect. With
Mexicans
I'll try to speak either Standard Mexican Spanish or the North
Mexican dialect. From my parents and Chicanos living in the
Val-
ley, I picked up Chicano Texas Spanish, and I speak it with my
mom, younger brother (who man'ied a Mexican and who rarely
mixes Spanish with English), aunts , and older relatives.
With Chicanas from Nueva Mexica or Arizana I will speak Chi-
15
cano Spanish a little, but often they don't understand what I'm
saying, With most California Chicanas I speak entirely in
English
(unless I forget). When I first moved to San Francisco, I'd rattle
off something in Spanish, unintentionally embarrassing them.
Often it is only with another Chicana tejana that I can talk
freely.
Words distorted by English are known as anglicisms or pachis-
mas. Thepacha is an anglicized Mexican or American of
Mexican
HOW TO TAME A WILD TONGUE 37
origin who speaks Spanish with an accent characteristic of
North
Americans and who distorts and reconstructs the language
accord-
ing to the inOuence of English. 3 Tex-Mex, or Spanglish, comes
8. most naturally to me. I may switch back and forth from Eng li
sh
to Spanish in the same sentence or in the same word. With my
sister and my brother Nune and with Chicano lejano contempo-
raries I speak in Tex-Mex.
From kids and people my own age I picked up Pachuco.
Pachuco (the language of the zoot suiters) is a language of
rebel-
lion, both against Standard Spanish and Standard English. It is
a secret language. Adults of the culture and outsiders cannot
understand it. It is made up of slang words from both English
and Spanish. Ruca means girl or woman, valo means guy or
dude,
chale means no, sim6n means yes, churro is sure, talk is
periquiar,
pigionear means petting, que gacho means how nerdy, ponle
aguila
means watch out, death is called la pelona . Through lack of
prac-
tice and not having others who can speak it, I've lost most of the
Pachu co tongue.
CHICANO SPANISH
Chicanos, after 250 years of Spanish/Anglo colonization, have
developed Significant differences in the Spanish we speak. We
col-
lapse two adjacent vowels into a single syIJable and sometimes
shift the stress in certain words such as ma(vmaiz, cohele/cuele
.
We leave out certain consonants when they appear between
vow-
els: lado/lao, mojado/mojao. Chicanos from South Texas pro-
nounce (as j as in jue ((ue). Chicanos use "archaisms," words
that
9. are no longer in the Spanish language, words that have been
evolved out. We say semos, Iruje , haiga, ansina, and naiden .
We
retain the "archaic" j, as in jalar, that derives from an earlier h,
(the French halar or the Germank halon which was lost to stan-
dard Spanish in the 16th century), but which is still found in
sev-
eral regional dialects such as the one spoken in South Texas.
(Due
to geography, Chicanos fTom the Valley of South Texas were
cut
off linguistically from other Spanish speakers. We tend to use
words that the Spaniards brought over from Medieval Spain.
The
majority of the Spanish colonizers in Mexico and the Southwest
came from Extremadura - Heman Cortes was one of them -
38 GLORIA ANZALDOA
and Andalucfa. Andalucians pronounce II like a y, and their d's
tend to be absorbed by adjacent vowels: lirado becomes lirao.
They brought ellenguaje popular, dialeclos y regionalismos. ')
Chkanos and other Spanish speakers also shift II to y and z to
S5 We leave out initial syllables, saying lar for eslar, lay for
esloy,
hora for ahora (ct/banos and puerlorrique.;os also leave out
initial
letters of some words). We also leave out the final syllable such
as
pa for para . The intervocalic y , the II as in lortilla, ella,
bOlella, gets
replaced by Ionia or IOrliya, ea, bolea. We add an additional
syl-
10. lable at the beginning of certain words: alOcar for locar, agaslar
for gascar. Sometimes we'll say lavaste las vacijas, other times
lavates (substituting the ates verb endings for the aste).
We use angHcisms, words borrowed from EngHsh: bola from 20
ball, carpela from carpet, meichina de lavar (instead of
lavadora)
from washing machine. Tex-Mex argot, created by adding a
Span-
ish sound at the beginning or end of an EngHsh word such as
cookiar for cook, watchar for watch, parkiar for park, and rapiar
for rape, is the result of the pressures on Spanish speakers to
adapt to English.
We don't use the word vosotroslas or its accompanying verb
form . We don't say claro (to mean yes), imag(I1ate, or me emo-
ciol1a, unless we picked up Spanish from Latinas, out of a
book,
or in a classroom . Other Spanish-speaking groups are going
through the same, or similar, development in their Spanish.
LINGUISTIC TERRORISM
Deslenguadas. Somas los del espanal deficienle. We are your
linguistic
nightmare. your linguistic aberration, your linguistic mestisaje,
the sub-
ject of your bur/a. Because we speak with tongues of fIre we are
culturally
crucified. Racial1 y, cultu ral1y, and linguistically somas
huerfanos - we
speak an orphan Longue.
Chicanas who grew up speaking Chicano Spanish have internal -
ized the belief that we speak poor Spanish. It is illegitimate, a
bastard language. And because we internaHze how our language
11. has been used against us by the dominant culture, we use our
lan-
guage differences against each other.
Chicana feminists often skirt around each other with suspicion
and hesitation . For the longest time I couldn't figure it out.
Then
HOW TO TAME A WILD TONGUE 39
it dawned on me. To be close to another Chicana is like looking
into the mirror. We are afraid of what we'lJ see there. Pena.
Shame.
Low estimation of self. In childhood we are told that our
language
is wrong. Repeated attacks on our native tongue diminish our
sense of self. The attacks continue throughout our lives.
Chicanas feel uncomfortable talking in Spanish to Latinas,
alTaid of their censure. Their language was not outlawed in
their
countries. They had a whole lifetime of being immersed in their
native tongue; generations, centuries in which Spanish was a
first
language, taught in school, heard on radio and TV, and read in
the newspaper.
If a person, Chicana or Latina, has a low estimation of my 25
native tongue, she also has a low estimation of me. Often with
mexicanas y latinas we'll speak English as a neutral language.
Even among Chicanas we tend to speak English at parties or
con-
ferences. Yet, at the same time, we're afraid the other will think
we're agringadas because we don't speak Chicano Spanish. We
12. oppress each other trying to out-Chicano each other, vying to
be the "real" Chicanas, to speak like Chicanos. There is no one
Chicano language just as there is no one Chicano experience. A
monolingual Chicana whose first language is English or Spanish
is just as much a Chicana as one who speaks several variants of
Spanish. A Chicana from Michigan or Chicago or Detroit is just
as much a Chicana as one from the Southwest. Chicano Spanish
is as diverse linguistically as it is regionally.
By the end of this century, Spanish speakers will comprise the
biggest minority group in the U.S., a country where students in
high schools and colleges are encouraged to take French classes
because French is considered more "cultured." But for a
language
to remain alive it must be used · By the end of this century
English, and not Spanish, will be the mother tongue of most
Chi-
ca nos and Latinos.
So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language.
Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity - I am my lan-
guage. Until I can take pride in my language, I cannot take
pride
in myself. Until I can accept as legitimate Chicano Texas
Spanish,
Tex-Mex, and all the other languages I speak, I cannot
acceplthe
legitimacy of myself. Until I am free to write bilingually and to
switch codes without having always to translate, while I still
have
40 GLORIA ANZALOOA
to speak English or Spanish when I would rather speak Spang-
13. lish, and as long as I have to accommodate the English speakers
rather than having them accommodate me, my tongue will be
illegitimate.
I will no longer be made to feel ashamed of existing. I will
have my voice: Indian, Spanish, white. I will have my se;.pent's
tongue - my woman's voice, my sexual voice, my poet's vo ice. I
will overcome the tradition of silence.
My fingers
move sly against your palm
Like women everywhere, we speak in code .. ..
- MELANIE KAVE/KA NTROWITZ7
"Vistas, ,J corridos, y comida: My Native Tongue
In the 1960s, I read my first Chicano novel. It was City of Night
by
John Rechy, a gay Texan, son of a Scottish father and a
Mexican
mother. For days I walked around in stunned amazement that a
Chicano could write and could get published. When I read I Am
Joaquin' I was surprised to see a bilingual book by a Chicano in
print. When I saw poetry written in Tex-Mex for the first time,
a
feeling of pure joy flashed through me. I felt like we really
existed
as a people. In 1971, when I started teaching High School
English
to Chicano students, I tried to supp lement the required texts
with
works by Chicanos, only to be reprimanded and forbidden to do
so by the principal. He claimed that I was supposed to teach
"American" and English literature. At the risk of being fired, I
swore my students to secrecy and slipped in Chicano short sto-
14. ries, poems, a play. In graduate school, while working toward a
Ph.D., I had to "argue" with one advisor after the other,
semester
after semester, before I was allowed to make Chicano literature
an area of focus.
Even before I read books by Chicanos or Mexicans, it was the
30
Mexican movies I saw at the drive-in - the Thursday night
special
of $1.00 a carload - that gave me a sense of belonging.
"Vdmonos
a las vistas," my mother wou ld call out and we'd all - grand-
mother, brothers, sister, and cousins - squeeze into the car We'd
wolf down cheese and bologna white bread sandwiches while
watching Pedro Infante in melodramatic tearjerkers like
Nosotros
HOW TO TAME A WILD TONGUE 41
los pobres, the first "real" Mexican movie (that was not an
imita-
tion of European movies). I remember seeing Cuando los hijos
se
van and surmising that all Mexican movies played up the love a
mother has for her children and what ungrateful sons and daugh-
ters suffer when they are not devoted to their mothers. I remem
-
ber the singing-type "westerns" of Jorge Negrete and Miquel
Aceves
Mejra. When watching Mexican movies, I felt a sense of home-
coming as well as alienation. People who were to amount to
some-
thing didn't go to Mexican movies, or bailes, or tune their
15. radios
to bolero, rm,cherita, and corrido music.
The whole time I was growing up, there was norteno music
sometimes called North Mexican border music, or Tex-Mex
music, or Chicano music, or cantina (bar) music. I grew up
bsten-
ing to conjuntas, three- or four-piece bands made up of folk
musi-
cians playing guitar, bajo sexta , drums , and button accordion,
which Chicanos had bon'owed from the German immigrants who
had come to Central Texas and Mexico to farm and build
brewer-
ies. In the Rio Grande Valley, Steve Jordan and Little Joe
Hernan-
dez were popular, and Flaco Jimenez was the accordion king.
The
rhythms of Tex-Mex music are those of the polka, also adapted
from the Germans, who in turn had borrowed the polka from the
Czechs and Bohemians.
I remember the hot, sultry evenings when corridos - songs of
love and death on the Texas-Mexican borderlands - reverberated
out of cheap amplifiers fTom the local can tinas and wafted in
through my bedroom window.
Corridos first became widely used along the South Texas/
Mexican border during the early conflict between Chicanos and
Anglos. The corridos are usually about Mexican heroes who do
valiant deeds against the Anglo oppressors. Pancho Villa's song,
"La cucaracha," is the most famous one. Corridos of John F.
Kennedy and his death are still very popular in the Valley.
Older
Chicanos remember Lydia Mendoza , one of the great border
corrido singers who was called la Gloria de Teja s . Her
"Eltango
16. negro," sung during the Great Depression, made her a singer of
the people. The everpresent corridos narrated one hundred years
of border history, bringing news of events as well as
entertaining.
These folk musicians and folk songs are our chief cultural
myth-
makers, and they made our hard lives seem bearable.
42 GLORIA ANZALOOA
I grew up feeling ambivalent about our music. Country-
western and rock-and-roll had more status. In the 50s and 60s,
for the slightly educated and agril1gado Chicanos, there ex isted
a
sense of shame at being caught listening to our music. Yet I
couldn't stop my feet from thumping to the music, could not
stop
humming the words, nor hjde from myself the exhilaration I felt
when I heard it.
There are more subtle ways that we internaljze identification,
35
especially in the forms of images and emotions. For me food
and
certain smells are tied to my identi ty, to my homeland.
Woodsmoke
curling up to an immense blue sky; woodsmoke perfuming my
grandmother's clothes, her skjn. The stench of cow manure and
the yellow patches on the ground; the crack of a .22 rifle and
the
reek of cordHe. Homemade white c heese sizzling in a pan,
melt-
ing inside a folded tortilla. My sister Hilda's hot, spicy
mel1udo,
17. chile colorado makjng it deep red, pieces of panza and hominy
floating on top. My brother Carito barbequing fajitas in the
back-
yard. Even now and 3,000 miles away, I can see my mother
spic-
ing the ground beef, pork, and venjson with chile. My mouth
salivates at the thought of the hot steaming tamales I would be
eating ifI were home.
Si Ie preguntas a mi ma1na, "iQue eres?"
"Identity is the essential core of who
we are as indjviduals, the consci ous
experience of the self ins ide."
- GERSHEN KAUFMAN9
Nosolros los Chicanos straddle the borderlands. On one side of
us, we are constantly exposed to the Spanish of the Mexkans, on
the other side we hear the Anglos' incessant clamoring so that
we
forget our language. Among ourselves we don't say nosotYOs
los
americanos, a nosotros los espanoles, a nosolros los hispanos.
We
say nosotros los mexicanos (by mexicanos we do not mean citi-
zens of Mexko; we do not mean a national identity, but a racial
one). We distinguish between mexicanos del olro lado and
mexica-
nos de este lado. Deep in our hearts we believe that being
Mexican
has nothing to do with which country one lives in. Being
Mexican
18. HOW TO TAME A WILD TONGUE 43
is a state of soul- not one of mind, not one of citizenship.
Neither
eagle nor serpent, but both. And like the ocean, neither animal
respects borders.
Dime con quien andas y le dire quien eres.
(Tell me who your friends are and I'll teU you who you are.)
- MEXICAN SAYING
Si Ie pregunlas a mi mama, "lOue eres?" Ie dira, "Soy
mexicana."
My brothers and sister say the same. I sometimes will answer
"soy
mexicana" and at others will say "soy Chicana" a "soy lejana. "
Bu t
I identified as "Raza" before I ever identified as "mexicarza" or
"Chicana."
As a culture, we call ourselves Spanish when referring to our-
se lves as a linguistic group and when copping out. It is then
that
we forget our predominant Indian genes. We are 70-80 percent
Indian'· We call ourselves Hispanic" or Spanish-American or
Latin American or Latin when linking ourselves to other
Spanish-
speaking peoples of the Western hemi sphere and when coppin g
out. We call ourselves Mexican-American!2 to signify we are
nei-
ther Mexican nor American, but more the noun "American" than
the adjective "Mexican" (and when copping out) .
Chicanos and other people of color suffer economically for not
acculturating. This volun tary (yet forced) alienation makes for
19. psychological conflict, a kind of dual identity - we don't
identify
with the Anglo-American cultural values and we don't totally
identi fy with the Mexican cultural valu es. We are a synergy of
two cu ltures with various degrees of Mexicanness or
Angloness. I
have so internalized the borderland conflict that sometimes I
feel
like one cancels out the other and we are zero, nothing, no o ne.
A veces no soy nada ni nadie. Pero hasla cuarzdo no 10 soy, 10
soy.
When not copping out, when we know we are more than noth-
40
ing, we call ourselves Mexican, referring to race and ancestry;
meslizo when affirming both our Indian a nd Spanish (but we
hardly ever own our Black ancestory); Chicano when referring
to
a politically aware people born and/or raised in the U.S .; Ra za
when referring to Ch icanos; (ejanos when we are Chi canos
from
Texas.
Chicanos did not know we were a people until 1965 when
Ceasar Chavez and the farmworkers united and I Am Joaquin
was
44 GLORlA ANZALDOA
published and fa Ra za Unida party was formed in Texas. With
that
recognition , we became a distinct people. Something
momentous
happened to the Chicano soul- we became aware of our reality
20. and acquired a name and a language (Chicano Spanish) that
reflected that reality. Now that we had a name, some of the
frag-
mented pieces began to fall together - who we were, what we
were, how we had evolved. We began to get glimpses of what
we
might eventually become.
Yet the struggle of identities continues, the struggle of borders
is our reality still. One day the inner struggle will cease and a
true
integration take place. In the meantime , (enemos que hacer la
lucha . cQuien esla prolegiendo los ranchos de mi genie?
cQuien
eSla Iralando de cerrar la fisura enlre la india y el blanco en
nueslra
sangre? EI Chicano, si, el Chicano que anda como un ladr6n en
su
propla casa.
Los Chicanos, how patient we seem , how very patient. There is
the quiet of the Indian about us. " We know how to survive.
When
other races have given up their tongue, we've kept ours. We
know
what it is to live under the hammer blow of the dominant nOrle-
americana culture. But more than we count the blows, we count
the days the weeks the years the centuries the eons until the
white
laws and commerce and customs will rot in the deserts they've
created, lie bleached. Hwnildes yet proud , quielos ye t wild,
noso-
lros losmexicanos-Chicmws will walk by the crumbling ashes as
we go about our business. Stubborn, persevering, impenetrable
as stone, yet possessing a malleability that renders us unbreak-
able, we, the meslizas and mestizos , will remain .
21. Notes
I . Ray Gwyn Smith, Moorland Is Co ld Co umry, unpubH shed
book.
2. Irena Kl epfisz, "Di rayze ahey mrrhe Journey Ho me ," in
The Tribe of
Dina : A Jewish Women s A11lhology, Melanj e Kaye/
Kantrowitz and Irena
K1epfisz, eds. (Montpeliel~ VT: Sinister Wisdom Books,
1986),49.
3. R. C. Ortega , Dialec tologfa Del Bamo, trans. Horlencia S.
A]wan ( Los
Angeles. CA: R. C. Ortega Publisher & Bookseller, 1977), 132 .
4. Eduardo Hernandez-Chavez, Andre ' D. Cohen , and
Anlhony F. Bel-
tramo, El Lenguaje de los Chicanos: Reg ional a'id Social
Characlerislics of
Language Used by Mexican Americall s (Arlington, VA: Center
for Applied
Linguistics, 1975),39.
HOW TO TAME A WILD TONGUE 45
5. Hernandez-Chavez, xvii.
6. Irena KJepfisz, "Secular Jewish Identity: Yidishkayt in
America, " in
The Tribe of Dilla , Kaye/Kantrowitz and Klepfisz, eds., 43.
7. Melanie KayefKantrowitz, "Sign ," in We Speak ill Code:
Poems and
22. Other WYitings (Pittsburgh , PA: Motheroot Publications , Inc.,
1980),85.
8. Rodolfo Go nzales, I Am JoaquiniYo Soy Joaquin (New
York, NY:
Bantam Books, 1972 ). It was first published in 1967.
9. Gershen Kaufman , Shame: The Power of Caring (Cambridge,
MA:
Schenkman Books, Inc., 1980),68.
10. John R. Chavez, The Lost Land: The Chicago Images of the
Southwest
(Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press , 1984),88-
90.
t t . "Hispanic" is derived from Hispa/1.is (Espmla, a name
given to the
Tberian Peninsula in ancient times when it was a part of the
Roman Empire)
and is a term designated by the U.S. government to make it
easier to handle
us on paper.
12. The Treaty of Guada lupe Hidalgo created the Mexican-
America n in
1848.
t 3. Anglos, in order to alleviate the ir guiJt for dispossessing
the Chicano,
stressed the Spanish Paft of us and perpetrated the myth of the
Spanish
Southwest. We have accepted the fi ction that we are Hispanic,
that is Spanjsh,
in order to accommodate ourselves to the dominant cu lture and
23. its abhor-
rence of Tndi ans. Chavez, 88-9 1.
For Discussion and Writing
l. Li st the different kinds of languages Anzaldua says she
speaks and
organize them according to a principle of your own selection.
Explain
that principle and what the list it produces tells us about the
Chicanola
experience with language.
2. How does Anzaldua use definition to disc uss her experience
wi th lan-
guage, and to what effect?
3. connections Compare Anzaldua's sense of herself as an
Amelican
to Audre Lorde's in "The Fourth of July" (p. 239). In what way
does
each woman feel American? In what way does each not?
4. In her discussion of moving back and forth between the
varieties of
languages she speaks, Anzaldua uses the tenn "switch codes"
(par.
27). Define that term and write about situations in your life in
which
you switch codes.