Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. The effects include a rise in average global temperatures, especially affecting the Arctic region, and a rise in sea levels. Unless addressed, the consequences will include changes to weather patterns, threats to human and wildlife health, and melting of glaciers and ice sheets. The greenhouse effect, caused by gases that trap heat in the lower atmosphere, is the underlying process of global warming. Solutions require immediate action to reduce pollution and protect the planet for future generations.