This document provides information about the geography, government, and history of ancient Greece and Rome.
It discusses how the mountainous geography of Greece led to the development of independent city-states. It also summarizes Athens' golden age under Pericles and key differences between Athens and Sparta. The spread of Greek culture through Alexander the Great and the blending of cultures in his empire to form Hellenism is noted.
For Rome, the document outlines how its geography along the Mediterranean influenced its growth and notes the development of the Roman Republic and its laws like the Twelve Tables.
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, History and Geography in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain).
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, History and Geography in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain).
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Created by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of History and Geography at a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Created by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of History and Geography at a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
A set of slides for the first day of PHIL 102, Introduction to Philosophy, at the University of British Columbia-Vancouver, Canada. We talked about students' initial ideas of what philosophy is, and also introduced Plato and Socrates, and Athenian democracy.
History of Architecture 2 class
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Quinto)
Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Architecture
2nd Semester S.Y. 2015-16
December 2015
The civilization of Ancient Greece emerged into the light of world history in the 8th century BC. Normally it is regarded as coming to an end when Greece fell to the Romans, in 146 BC. However, major Greek, or “Hellenistic”, kingdoms lasted longer than this. As a culture, Greek civilization lasted longer still, continuing right to the end of the ancient world.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
4. Geography
Movement Place
Pull factors: fishing; harbors Mountainous
Push factors: Little farming land; poor roads; Seafood
political fragments (city-states instead of one
unified Greece)
Fresh drinking water
Region
Small; isolated
Mountainous
Dried up rivers
Good harbors
Peninsula
Divided by mountains
Islands
Trade
Barren
Peninsula
Rocky
Mt. Olympus
City states Not good for farming
5. Geography
Location Interaction
Aegean Sea Harbors
Mediterranean Sea Fishing
Europe Trade
West of Persian Empire Fresh Drinking Water
Terrace Farming
6. Geography
Impact of geography on Greece
The Greeks were sailors rather than farmers.
Harbors encouraged trade and communication with Egypt and
Middle Eastern Civilizations.
Mountains divided Greece leading to City-States. The mountains
of Greece divided it into many small pockets.
As a result of the geological fragmentation, Greeks felt more unity
with their individual City-States rather than with Greece as a
country.
8. Government
City-State Oligarchy
A self governing, independent community. Ruling power is in the hands of a few leaders
Developed because of geography. Varied in
prosperity and government systems. Small groups shared power and military
support
Monarchy
Ruled by wealthy individuals; Aristocrats
Ruling power is in the hands of one person;
Kings Practiced in:
Kings lived in a palace on tax money Corinth
Athens
Practiced by the Mycenaeans
Funded by taxes
Oldest son would succeed his father as king
Citizens had no vote
Soldiers protected king, enforced laws,
obeyed laws, and collected taxes Decline: increase of population, powerful
individuals hired hoplite arrays, overthrown by
Decline: Trade routes closed, internal fighting, the people
invaded by Dorians.
9. Government
Tyranny Democracy
Ruling power is in the hands of an Ruling power is in the hands of all
individual often by illegal means the people
Military leaders, backed by middle Citizens Assembly
class, seized power
Executive group- Council of 500
Practiced in Athens
Practiced in Athens
Decline: Athenians were unhappy,
Spartan invasions Decline: Fall of Athens
12. Golden Age of Athens
480-430 BCE Three Goals
Overseen by Pericles 1. Strengthen Democracy
Pericles- Leader from 461- Increased number of public
429 BCE officials on paid salaries
Direct democracy- Citizens
rule directly, not through
representatives
13. Golden Age of Athens
2. Maintain Empire 3. Glorify Athens
Delian League: Athens Used money from the
received tributes from Delian League to buy
over 200 city-states in gold, ivory, and marble
return for protection
Paid artists, architects,
Made Athens’s navy the and workers to use the
strongest in the materials.
Mediterranean
Gained access to
surrounding trade routes
15. Comparison:
Athens vs. Sparta
Athens Sparta
Founders: Mycaneans Founders: Dorians
Economy: Sea-faring traders, Economy: agriculture
agriculture Labor: Helots (farm slaves or
serfs) and foreign artisans
Labor: Artisans; farmers;
merchants and traders; slaves Social Order: Military society-
did mining, farm work, and boys went into military training at
tutoring age 7; ages 20-30 men did
military service; age 30 married
but lived in barracks until age 60.
Social Order: Private education Women were physically trained to
for males 7-18. Learned Math, increase strength to marry at 14-
music, and literature. 2 years of 19 to breed sons for the military;
military service ages 18-20. No women were not citizens but could
formal education for females; own property and interact socially.
trained at home in domestic
skills
16. Comparison:
Athens vs. Sparta
Athens Sparta
Government: Democracy Government: Oligarchy evolved-
Dual kings had military role but
evolved- All natural born land did not govern. The Assembly-
owning males were citizens, All male citizens over 20: had
then males regardless of law making role Main power in
hands of 5 Ephors and Council
class, then foreigners of Elders formed judiciary and
advised Assembly and Ephors
Achievements: Prosperity led
to creativity, especially in Achievements: Strong military
role in Greek conflicts; strict
drama and architecture military rule and tight social
(Parthenon) control reduced intellectual
development, creativity and
technical advancement
18. Alexander the Great
Son of Philip II
Became king of Macedonia at age 20
Taught by Aristotle (science, geography, and literature)
Influenced by Homer’s Illiad
Preserved and Spread Greek Culture
Conquered Persia, Egypt, India
Spread Hellenistic Culture throughout his empire
Died young at age 33 in India
19. Hellenism
Combination of cultures conquered by Alexander the
Great
Hellenism=Greek+Egyptian+Persian+Indian
Achievements in: Astronomy; philosophy; math; and
art
22. Geography
Movement Place
Push: Little rivers unsuitable for Mediterranean
shipping; not a large amount of farm
land Alps
Pull: Natural defense; fertile; Po river Po River Valley- Tiber river
valley
Mountainous land
Region
Location
“The boot shaped country”
West of Greece
Alps
Sicily
Po River Valley
Divides the Mediterranean in half
Swine
Alps
Subtropical climate
23. Geography
Interaction
Killed forest swine
Fertile soil – Farming
Source of Water
25. Law
The Twelve Tables
The earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code
of law.
Law code binding both Patricians (upper class) and
Plebeians (lower class)
Enforced by consuls
Later two more tables were added because the
plebeians were dissatisfied with the first ten
26. Government
Republic First Triumvate
Senate: 300 members chosen from Pompey: Military general; won lands in
the upper class- patricians Spain; suppressed a slave rebellion in
Rome led by Spartacus; campaigns
Consuls: 2 ruled a a time; supported by millionaire Marcus Licinius
commanded the Roman army; one Crassus; Council
year terms
Marcus Licinius Crassus: Millionaire
Tribunes of the Plebs: Protected the son of a roman governmental official;
Gained wealth through real estate and
rights of the plebeians from the mining; Soldier who fought in Roman
patricians. Wars.
Demands of the Plebs: Written Julius Caesar: Consul; Governor of
laws; equal protection under those lands in southern tip of Gaul; Fought
laws- Twelve Tables
series of brutal wars without Senate’s
permission on Roman frontiers;
Citizens Assembly: Elected Conquered lands equaling France and
tribunes; made for common people Belgium, then called back by senate to
return to Rome and disband his troops
28. Similarities in Roman Law Code
with The Code of Hammurabi
Both are written codes of law
Both contain harsh punishments for specific situations
Both favor men over women
Both favor fathers over sons
Both favor wealthier citizens over low class citizens.
29. Reasons for Decline
Barbarian Invasions Inferior Technology
Decline in Morals and Inflation
values
Political corruption
Environmental and
Public Health Problems Rise in Christianity
Excessive Military Unemployment
Spending to Defend the Urban Decay
Empire
30. Christianity
Key Beliefs- God God- God of Abraham; called yahweh in Practices
made a covenant and Rituals-
with Abraham;
English; The trinity: god has 3 parts; same
based on teachings god that the Muslims and Jews believe in Try to obtain
of Jesus Christ; Salvation;
Jesus taught of a avoid
new covenant damnation;
between God and Sacraments:
the Jews; Achieve baptism &
salvation and avoid communion
damnation.
Christianity
Worship
Holy book- Bible; Two
parts: the old testament-
Services-
the history of the law and Ordained
prophets, contains ministry: Priests,
psalms; the new pasters,
testament- 4 gospels, Sects- 3 main sects: Roman ministers;
stories of ancient Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant; all
question; has no sacred worship in
language; has been believe god reveals his teachings to churches;
translated into thousands the world; all believe Jesus died and Sunday service;
of languages rose from the dead Sermon
33. Geography
Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire.
Capitol city: Constantinople
Bosporus Strait
Eastern Part of the Mediterranean
Italy, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, Middle east
35. Law
Justinian’s Code
A summation of all Roman law since the second century
Effected law in western Europe and early Russia
Sections:
The digest
The Institutes
The novels
36. Government
Successors of Constantine
Justinian- viewed himself as a new Constantine;
Christian emperor
Theodora- Wife of Justinian- 20-25 years younger;
was a prostitute; came from a poor family; very
intelligent; ability to read people
Tried to re-unite Rome but failed
37. Architecture
Beautify Constantinople (same goal in Athens)
Domes, arches, columns
Hagia Sophia
Blue Mosque- mix of Byzantine and Turkish elements
Topica Palace- mix of buildings and gardens
Hippodrome- stadiums
Moats
Stonewalls
38. Religion
Eastern Orthodox
Emperor claims authority over church
Do not follow Pope
Used Icons-holy images
Mass in Greek
Priests could marry
Divorce was permitted in certain cases
Created after the Great Schism in 1054: the division of the Christian church
into Roman Catholics (Western Rome) and Eastern Orthodox (Eastern
Rome)
41. Geography
Istanbul
Bosporus Straight; bridge between Asia and Europe
Favorable characteristics:
Peninsula
Natural harbor
Flat
Fertile
Well watered
Built on Bosporus Strait
42. Geography
Impact
Deserts- minimal water and farm land
Oases- Water in the desert; fertile
Coastal Plain- good for farming
Mountains- Goats; limited water and farmland
43. Islam
Holy Book- Qur’an:
god’s teachings to God- One god; the Practices and rituals-
Muhammad, god of Abraham- FIVE PILLARS:
translated into many called Allah in Arabic; Shahada-faith, Salat-
languages, Arabic prayer, Zakat-
used for worship god made a covenant
services, history with Abraham Almsgiving, Siyam-
and law of ancient fasting, Hajj-
Hebrews, Includes pilgrimage to Mecca;
Jesus’s life, Outlines Hallal- allowed
the goal of Islam,
Five pillars actions; Haram-
forbidden actions
Key Beliefs- God
Islam
Made a covenant
with Abraham; Worship
Muslims are
descendants of Services-
Abraham’s son Masjid-
Ishmael; Based on Sects- Two major Sects:
god’s teachings and Sunni- any devout Muslim mosque;
the example of can lead; Shi’i- any Prayers led
Muhammad- the last
prophet; Mecca is the descendant of Mohammad by an Imam;
holiest city. can lead; the two differ over Friday
the issue of leadership worship
44. The Golden Age of Islam
The House of Wisdom Zoology
Herbal Medicines Bookmaking
Astronomy Chess
Polo Hospitals
Music Geometric and floral
designs
REVIEW: Golden Age of Islamic
Culture Travelogue
46. Impact of the fall of Rome
Roman Empire Germanic Tribes
Emphasis on learning, Oral traditions, song and
knowledge of Greek, literate legends little knowledge of
citizenry Greek, not literate, no written
language
Official language: Latin
Developed dialects of Latin:
Political Unit: Roman French and Spanish
Provinces
Germanic Kingdoms- borders
Government based on written change as result of warfare
law and public government
Loyalty to small communities
unwritten rules and traditions
47. Feudalism
King
Vassals
Knights
Peasants and
Townspeople
48. Feudalism
King Vassals
Highest power Nobles, but less powerful than
lords
Roman Catholic- Religious
leader Trained knights and lived by
the code of chivalry
Owns all land
Promised to protect land and
Nobles a.k.a. Lords kingdom
Jobs: hunting, fight in battle, Promised to pay ransom
oversee surfs. money if lord is kidnapped
Ruled over King’s land Received Fiefs at Ceremony
of Homage
Lived on manor in castle
49. Feudalism
Knights Peasants and Townspeople
Surfs
Fighting force
NOT SLAVES
Code of Chivalry: code of
Tied to the land
honor; set of ideals for
knights; knights must serve Property of kingdom, not king.
their lord, their god, and their
Lived in small cottages.
wife; they must protect people
in trouble; fight fairly; protect Couldn’t do anything without the lords
women permission
Not required to fight
Similar to the Samurai and
their Code of Bushido Freeman
Skilled craftsmen
Paid rent to the lord
Could leave the manor
Could be evicted
50. The Church
Provided poor peasants with a dream of an eternal
peace
Hosted feasts
Had complete power over kings
One priest on each manor