This document summarizes the PhD research of James Cheshire at UCL, focusing on spatial analysis of surnames using GIS software. The research analyzes individual surnames and groups of surnames spatially to understand cultural and genetic patterns. Methods include kernel density estimation in R and ArcGIS to map surname distributions over time. Results have applications for genealogical research and collaborations with geneticists.

3. Research

4. Research London LCAP traffic delay data (Inbound) 15 January 2010 8:00-10:00 am Bus lane users Non bus lane users ArcGIS 9.3 Network Analyst Garavig Tanaksaranond: London Congestion

5. Research ArcGIS 9.2 digitizing and Spatial Analyst Kiril Stanilov: Metropolitan growth of W. London

6. Research Nahid Mohajeri: Street Orientation, Dundee Scotland GEOrient, ArcGIS 9.3, Google Earth

7. Research Snatch Pickpocket Robbery ArcGIS 9.3 Spatial Analyst (Density) Paul Richards: Fear of Crime in Camden, London

8. Research ArcGIS 9.4 (Beta), Python Script Daniel Lewis: Access to GPs in Southwark

9. Research R Muhammad Adnan: Real-Time Geodemographics

11. What’s in a surname? Everyone has one! Informed by culture- this is invariably spatial. Generally “patrilineal” that is inherited from your father. There are exceptions to the above.... ....however, my interests lie in general observations

12. Individual Surnames as Spatial Phenomena R

13. Individual Surnames as Spatial Phenomena R

14. Individual Surnames as Spatial Phenomena: Applications For each name we can produce the following for both 1881 and 2001: - Where it is most commonly found. -The spread/ density of the name. -Whether a name is characterised by a single core area or multiple core areas. This information has fostered collaboration with geneticists who are interested in the link between our ancestral genes and surnames. Spatial analysis of surnames enables: - The targeting of sampling. - Validation of samples. - Prioritisation of sample analysis.

15. Individual Surnames as Spatial Phenomena For this research names need to be filtered by: - The spread of the name- achieved with a convex hull. - The frequency of the name (freq. > 100 removed). - The density estimates are also weighted by the location quotient. Software - R was used for the majority of this analysis. - It is much quicker in this context. All this in less than 1 second: MySQL Database query-> Convex hull-> Area of hull-> KDE-> Extract by mask->Contour-> Area of Contour-> Export results. - Hawth’s Tools in ArcGIS provides an alternative. Much, much slower. - RPyGeo enables the advanced geoprocessing modules in ArcGIS to be called from R. It provides the best of both worlds. R is pretty bad at a lot of spatial stuff- especially converting one spatial data type (such as a line) to another (such as a polygon).

16. Analysis on 45000 names...

17. Groups of Surnames as Spatial Phenomena 95Z 99ZZ OOLN 00BL 7.520982 7.336616 7.219516 00BM 7.428889 7.315671 7.425037 00BN 7.347616 7.356772 7.394888 00BP 7.452982 7.299915 7.330886 00BQ 7.410027 7.300150 7.387787

18. Groups of Surnames as Spatial Phenomena North East North West Yorkshire and the Humber East Midlands West Midlands East of England South East South West Wales Scotland R

19. Groups of Surnames as Spatial Phenomena ArcGIS 9.3, R

20. Surnames as Cultural Phenomena ArcGIS 9.3

22. spatialanalysis.co.uk ArcGIS 9.3, Cartogram tool.

23. spatialanalysis.co.uk

24. spatialanalysis.co.uk ArcGIS 9.3

30. More Information: - spatialanalysis.co.uk - www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames - www.casa.ucl.ac.uk - james.cheshi [email_address]