The document discusses trends in space technology, including the growing use of small satellites and satellite constellations. Miniaturization is enabling cheaper satellites and launchers, opening opportunities for new commercial applications in communications, imaging, and data analysis using machine learning. Recent announcements in India aim to involve private companies to augment their national space program. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing some disruptions but space activities remain critical for national security and some companies are still operating under exceptions.

1. SPACE TECH - FUTURE TRENDS
alex@thealeph.com

2. HELLO MY NAME IS...
http://www.slideshare.net/thealeph Alex Barrera (@abarrera)

3. What is Space Tech?

4. Satellites

5. Satellites
Large satellite (>1000 kg)
Medium satellite (500 to 1000 kg)
Minisatellite (100–500 kg)
Microsatellite (10–100 kg)
Nanosatellite (1–10 kg) - Cubesats
Picosatellite (0.1–1 kg)
Femtosatellite (0.01–0.1 kg)

6. Satellites
1) Suborbital -> Balloons
2) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (500 Km - 2.000 Km)
3) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) (2.000 Km - 35.000 Km)
4) High Earth Orbit (> 36.000 Km) (HEO/ GEO)

7. Transportation
Earth - Orbit

8. Transportation
Earth - Orbit (reusable)
In-orbit

9. Communications

10. Communications

11. Communications
Source: Mynaric laser satellite to satellite concept

12. Servicing

13. Servicing
Source: OrbitFab concept

14. Energy

15. Data Analysis
Source: Sentinel-2 Chernobyl wild fires (April 14th 2020)

16. Why now?
Source: https://alen.space/basic-guide-nanosatellites/

17. Cheap satellites

18. Cheap satellites

19. Cheap satellites
$10.000 - $500.000
Starlink ~$300.000

20. Cheap launchers

21. Cheap launchers
Source: 2020 Nano/Microsatellite Market Forecast,10th edition.SpaceWorks 2020

22. “
India’s finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced last week that India’s
private sector will play a key role in augmenting India’s space programme, and
that the government intends to share the facilities of the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) with the private sector.
India’s status?
Source: https://science.thewire.in/space/nirmala-sitharaman-indian-space-programme-isro-private-sector/ (May 22nd 2020)

23. “
India’s finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced last week that India’s
private sector will play a key role in augmenting India’s space programme, and
that the government intends to share the facilities of the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) with the private sector.
India’s status?
Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin, Elon Musk’s SpaceX and start-ups from China want a
share of the global commercial market, estimated to be worth around $350
billion (Rs 26.46 lakh crore). If ISRO does not improve its launch infrastructure
and increase the number of launches, it will be at a disadvantage.
Source: https://science.thewire.in/space/nirmala-sitharaman-indian-space-programme-isro-private-sector/ (May 22nd 2020)

24. Cheap launchers
$40.000 - $220.000 per Kg/U

25. Why now?
Source: Benchmark of Satellites Image Services for Precision Agricultural use. Marco M.Sozzi,Jul 2018

26. Data Analysis
Satellite
Constellation
Image broker Analysis company

27. Data Analysis
Satellite
Constellation
Image broker Analysis company
Vertical integration

28. Data Analysis
Satellite
Constellation
Image broker Analysis company
Horizontal integration

29. Data Analysis - Optical (Multispectral Imagery)
Source: GOES-16 day cloud phase distinction RGB imagery.Feb 2020.NOAA

30. Data Analysis - Radio Frequency Signal Geolocation
Source: https://www.he360.com/hawkeye-360-reveals-chinese-vessel-activity-plummeted-following-covid-19-outbreak/ (April 15th 2020)

31. Data Analysis - Radio Frequency Signal Geolocation
Source: https://www.he360.com/hawkeye-360-reveals-chinese-vessel-activity-plummeted-following-covid-19-outbreak/ (April 15th 2020)

32. Data Analysis - Radio Frequency Signal Geolocation
Source: https://www.he360.com/hawkeye-360-reveals-chinese-vessel-activity-plummeted-following-covid-19-outbreak/ (April 15th 2020)

33. Data Analysis - Radio Frequency Signal Geolocation
Source: https://www.he360.com/hawkeye-360-reveals-chinese-vessel-activity-plummeted-following-covid-19-outbreak/ (April 15th 2020)

34. Data Analysis - Radio Frequency Signal Geolocation
Source: https://www.he360.com/hawkeye-360-reveals-chinese-vessel-activity-plummeted-following-covid-19-outbreak/ (April 15th 2020)

35. Data Analysis - Radio Frequency Signal Geolocation
Source: https://www.he360.com/hawkeye-360-reveals-chinese-vessel-activity-plummeted-following-covid-19-outbreak/ (April 15th 2020)

36. Data Analysis - Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR)
Source: ICEYE’s satellite ICEYE-X2,showing the Natural Parks Aralar and Aizkorri-Aratz of Spain on December 7,2018

37. Data Analysis
Source: Detection of Archaeological Looting from Space: Methods,Achievements and Challenges. Oct 2019.

38. Data Analysis
1) Spatial Resolution
2) Revisit time
3) Scene Size
Source: DigitalGlobe 30cm spatial resolution image

39. Data Analysis - Spatial Resolution
Ground Sample Distance (GSD)
Low resolution: > 300m
Medium: 30m - 300m
High: 5m - 30m
Very High (VHR): <5m
Very Very High: <1m
Best commercial: 30cm

40. Data Analysis - Spatial Resolution
10m < 5m

41. Data Analysis - Revisit time
Source: Detection of Archaeological Looting from Space: Methods,Achievements and Challenges. Oct 2019.

42. Source: Detection of Archaeological Looting from Space: Methods,Achievements and Challenges. Oct 2019.
Data Analysis - Revisit time

43. Source: Different acquisition strategies using the agility of an EO satellite (Pleaides User Guide)
Data Analysis - Revisit time

44. Data Analysis - Scene Size (Swath)
Source: Overview of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-4 (ALOS-4) Mission
Skysat (5m): 250Mb (25 Km2)
Planetscope (3m): 500Mb (25 Km2)

45. Data Analysis
1) Government accountability
2) Financial markets
3) Retail
5) Epidemiologists
5) Insurance
OBJECT ANALYSIS vs CHANGE ANALYSIS

46. Data Analysis - Accountability
Source: Sentinel-2 Chernobyl wild fires (April 14th 2020)

47. Source: Sentinel NO2 emissions (April 13th 2020)
Data Analysis - Accountability

48. Source: Cambodia rubber plantations (2001 -2016) NASA
Data Analysis - Accountability

49. Data Analysis - Accountability
Source: Palm Oil deforestation in Malaysia.SpaceKnow Analytics.

50. Source: Central African Migration Camps in Gedo,Somalia.SpaceKnow Analytics.
Data Analysis - Accountability

51. Data Analysis - Financial markets

52. Data Analysis - Financial markets

53. Data Analysis - Financial markets

54. Data Analysis - Financial markets

55. Data Analysis - Financial markets

56. Data Analysis - Financial markets

57. Data Analysis - Financial markets

58. Data Analysis - Financial markets

59. Data Analysis - Retail

60. Data Analysis - Retail
Source: Disneyland Car Lot.Anaheim,CA.SpaceKnow Analytics.

61. Data Analysis - Retail
Source: Aircraft activity in El Prat,Barcelona Airport.SpaceKnow Analytics.

62. Data Analysis - Retail
Source: Construction rates monitoring via shadow detection.Orbital Insight

63. Data Analysis - Retail
Source: Swimming pool detection.SpaceKnow Analytics.

64. Data Analysis - Insurance

65. Data Analysis - Insurance claims

66. Data Analysis - Insurance risk assessment
Flood map

67. Source: Flood extent over one area of Calgary city in 2016.ICEYE
Data Analysis - Insurance risk assessment

68. Data Analysis - Insurance construction progress

69. Data Analysis - Renewable Energy
Source: Solar Energy in Dubai,UAE.SpaceKnow Analytics.

70. Data Analysis - Renewable Energy
Source: Heatmap of U.S.model predictions with California and North Carolina lit up.Using Satellites to Track Solar Farm Growth.
Medium. Aug 2019.

71. Data Analysis - Epidemiologist

72. Data Analysis - AI detections

73. Data Analysis

74. Data Analysis - ML Models
Source: Unearthing Value in Planet Data: Bridging the Gap Between Geospatial Data and Machine Learning.Planet Labs.
Medium. Jan 2020.

75. Data Analysis - ML Models (labelling)
(a) Labels generated by experts for validation. (b) Predictions from the Khartoum Model.
(c) Predictions from Kumasi Model. (d) Predictions from Khartoum Model retrained in Kumasi with 10K steps.
Source: Regional Training Data are Essential for Building Accurate Machine Learning Models.Medium.Mar 30th 2020.

76. Data Analysis - ML Models (data)
Volume of data in the EOSDIS archive (blue area) is expected to grow dramatically, accompanied
by an order of magnitude increase in the rate of data ingest (orange area).
Source: NASA EOSDIS graphic. Mar 2020.

77. Source: Making multi-source geospatial imagery useful for Machine Learning.Planet Labs.Medium. Jul 2019.
Data Analysis - ML Models (data preparation)

78. Data Analysis - ARD Data Cubes
Source: European Data Cube Facility service.ESA. May 2019.

79. Source: What is the Open Data Cube?.OpenDataCube.Medium. Ago 2018.
Data Cube as a Service
Data Analysis - ARD Data Cubes

80. Data Analysis - Data Cube Catalogue
Source: https://earthondemand.astraea.earth/

81. Future Trends: Artificial Intelligence beyond data
Manufacturing Smart communications Constellation coordination
Satellite collision Debris prediction Failure prediction

82. Future Trends: Artificial Intelligence beyond data
Cybersecurity

83. Future Trends: Artificial Intelligence beyond data
Satellite Imagery Search engine

84. Covid-19?
Disruption to supply lines
Shrinking National Space budgets
Potential bankruptcy of corporate backers
Some launches on-hold (lack of personnel)
Space procurements critical for national security
Working exceptions for several companies

85. http://www.slideshare.net/thealeph Alex Barrera (@abarrera)
THANK YOU
Alex Barrera
alex@thealeph.com