1) The CEO of Ghana Export Promotion Authority urged Ghanaians to embrace import substitution to improve Ghana's trade imbalance, as the country historically runs trade deficits due to heavy import dependence.
2) Ghana currently has trade and current account deficits according to reported statistics. Its top exports are agricultural and fuel/mining products to European nations, while top imports are manufactures from China, India, and other Asian nations.
3) To expand exports, Ghana needs to increase productivity, improve quality, add value to local products, and develop non-traditional sectors like media and business outsourcing. However, currency devaluation may not improve the trade balance in the short-term due to supply and demand rigidities
Executive Resume of the Hydrocarbon Services Business Profile (2006)CONAPRI
www.conapri.org
Executive Resume of the Hydrocarbon Services Business Profile (2006), edited by the Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion, CONAPRI
Get the complete version at the www.conapri.org Virtual Store
Executive Resume of the Hydrocarbon Services Business Profile (2006)CONAPRI
www.conapri.org
Executive Resume of the Hydrocarbon Services Business Profile (2006), edited by the Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion, CONAPRI
Get the complete version at the www.conapri.org Virtual Store
Executive Resume of the Chemicals and Petrochemicals Business Profile (2006)CONAPRI
www.conapri.org
Executive Resume of the Chemicals and Petrochemicals Business Profile (2006), edited by the Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion, CONAPRI
Get the complete version at the www.conapri.org Virtual Store
Executive Resume of the Food Sector Business Profile (2007)CONAPRI
www.conapri.org
Executive Resume of the Food Sector Business Profile (2007), edited by the Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion, CONAPRI
Get the complete version at the www.conapri.org Virtual Store
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the vinyl chloride market in the Scandinavian countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the vinyl chloride market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the vinyl chloride market in the Scandinavian countries currently available!
International Marketing Management - Recent trends in India's Foreign tradeSOMASUNDARAM T
Institutional infrastructure for exports promotions in India; India's trade policy; exports assistance; exports documentation and procedures including different stages of documentation; Globalization in India, opportunities, constraints and Initiatives in India; major globalization Initiatives from Indian Companies; Government Initiatives needed to foster globalization; the future of Indian global marketing.
Executive Resume of the Chemicals and Petrochemicals Business Profile (2006)CONAPRI
www.conapri.org
Executive Resume of the Chemicals and Petrochemicals Business Profile (2006), edited by the Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion, CONAPRI
Get the complete version at the www.conapri.org Virtual Store
Executive Resume of the Food Sector Business Profile (2007)CONAPRI
www.conapri.org
Executive Resume of the Food Sector Business Profile (2007), edited by the Venezuelan Council for Investment Promotion, CONAPRI
Get the complete version at the www.conapri.org Virtual Store
This is a demo version of Williams & Marshall Strategy's report on the vinyl chloride market in the Scandinavian countries. The report presents a strategic analysis of the vinyl chloride market in the region and a forecast for its development in the medium term. It provides a comprehensive overview of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. This is the most detailed and comprehensive report about the vinyl chloride market in the Scandinavian countries currently available!
International Marketing Management - Recent trends in India's Foreign tradeSOMASUNDARAM T
Institutional infrastructure for exports promotions in India; India's trade policy; exports assistance; exports documentation and procedures including different stages of documentation; Globalization in India, opportunities, constraints and Initiatives in India; major globalization Initiatives from Indian Companies; Government Initiatives needed to foster globalization; the future of Indian global marketing.
Saudi coffee market valued at SR15bFinancial Services Monitor Wo.docxkenjordan97598
Saudi coffee market valued at SR15b
Financial Services Monitor Worldwide
Coffee consumption has risen sharply in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia whereby 18,000 tons worth SR203 million are imported. The growth in coffee processing has helped boost the Saudi market for cafes to a notable SR 15 billion.
The latest statistics issued by the International Coffee Organization (ICO) showed that 1.4 billion cups of coffee are consumed a day worldwide.
Within the coffee shop industry, Bonnon Coffee AA part owned by the SEDCO Holding Group - is a local Saudi brand that competes with global coffee chains.
The company was established in 2006 and Salem bin Mohammed Bin Mahfouz serves as chairman of its management board. It has grown steadily ever since to compete with major multinational companies by opting for high-quality products and providing constantly its clientele with outstanding service.
The CEO of Bonnon Coffee Ltd Khalid Bin Hamad has forecasted that coffee sales would rise by 77 percent in 2016, thereby overtaking tea sales, which are projected to rise by 49 percent only amid the stiff competition of global and local companies. Given the positive outcome reflected in local consumption, these sales are expected to increase especially in the areas targeted for development by the government.
CEO of SEDCO Holding Group Anees Ahmed Moumina reckons that the current proliferation of cafes is normal because working conditions have contributed to the widespread use of cafes among of Saudi youths. He further said: AAAmong the company's top priorities next year will be continued strategic growth through the installation of more outlets, the introduction of advanced ways of giving prominence to the Bonnon brand and focusing on the company's core business, particularly in Bonnon coffee shops, which provide a drive-thru sales serviceA[yen].
Khalid Bin Hamad also indicated that the company, under its brand AABonnon CoffeeA[yen] provides its clientele with all varieties of coffee products that suit all palates and mindsets under one commercial roof that values authentic culture. It also values the palate's natural transformation in modern times.
He said Bonnon Coffee has devised outlets in a bid to satisfy the growing demand for fast coffee through specialized small sale channels both indoor and outdoor, to reach out faster to the largest number of consumers and at the lowest cost, in order to compete for a very limited segment of prime locations that are suitable for a drive-thru facility. Its brand coffee shop located in Red Sea Mall was also recently renovated to add a modern touch to its atmosphere and upgrade its menu offering.
Bonnon Coffee is planning to come up with new varieties of coffee delicacies based on clear commercial concepts and vision. The company has sought throughout its foundation stage and development to secure its own brand AAGenuine Coffee HabitatA[yen] by coming up with all modern and genuine coffee products of the highest quality and in.
The topic of this slides import and export in Pakistan we take a date form previou 20 years. We are try to made a simple and easy .I hope yours like and give benefits in our student
The Future of Trade 2022 is the fourth edition of DMCC’s biennial flagship report on the changing nature of global trade. In it, we examine the impact of technology, global economic trends, and geopolitics on the future of trade,
with a focus on trade growth, supply chains, trade finance, infrastructure, and sustainability. The report presents updated scenarios for how trade will develop in 2022 and
beyond, relevant for any reader involved in trade, trade policy, international investment, and the operation of businesses with global value chains.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
1. Solutions to Ghana’s trade imbalance
The Chief Executive Officer of the Ghana Export Promotion Authority, Mr. Gideon Quarcoo on July
16th 2014 asked Ghanaians to embrace import substitution as a sure solution to tilting Ghana’s
balance of trade in its favour. “Buy, use and sell Ghanaian,” he urged the public, saying it is the
categorical economic imperative to pull out the country from the dearth of trade imbalance.
Running a balance of trade deficit has been a part of Ghana’s history as a result of the country’s heavy
dependence on imports as against exports with its trading partners.
Ghana currently has the following
Balance of trade -24.8Million USD
Capital flows -5.8 Million USD
Crude oil production 104 BBL/D/1K
Current account -953MillionUSD
Current account to GDP 12.3%
Exports 3496.6 Million USD
Gold Reserves 8.74 Tonnes
Imports 3688.6 Million USD
Ghana’s total merchandise trade imports were 0.09% of the total world imports share with a value of
17600 million USD (c.i.f) as opposed to the exports of value 13752 million USD (f.o.b).
Breakdown of economy's total exports
Breakdown of economy's total imports
By main commodity group (ITS)
By main commodity group (ITS)
Agricultural products
42.3
Agricultural products
10.9
Fuels and mining products
24.7
Fuels and mining products
1.50
Manufactures
7.1
Manufactures
43.9
By main destination
By main origin
1. European Union (28)
24.0
1. European Union (28)
31.2
2. Iran
20.4
2. China
22.8
3. South Africa
18.2
3. India
6.1
4. United Arab Emirates
10.7
4. Korea, Republic of
4.5
5. Switzerland
7.5
5. South Africa
4.1
Traditional exports products like gold, timber and cocoa have experienced price fluctuations over the
years, with non-traditional exports recording some modest, albeit less than expected growth.
Over the meeting it was emphasized that to expand the export base the following steps are necessary:
1) Increased productivity to meet the increased demand volumes for enhancing trade base for
exports.
2) Quality enhancement for reaching out to more accessible export markets.
3) Adding value to local products , as there is urgent need to put technology to work for
industries to add value to the products Ghana seeks to market to the outside world particularly
about agro-processing across the broad spectrum of horticultural produce
2. 4) Rolling out non-traditional export portfolios like multi-media, medical, business process
outsourcing.
Exchange rate policy
The exchange rate has been used as a tool for regulating flows of trade and capital by many
developing countries, which tend to have persistent deficits in the balance of payments because of
a structural gap between the volumes of exports and imports. These economies have an inelastic
demand for both exports and imports. Ghana’s policies on the exchange rate have been influenced
by the contrasting political regimes that have been in place since independence in 1957.
1957-1966 Fixed to British pound
1966-1982 Fixed to American dollar
1983-1986 Multiple exchange rate system
1986-1987 Dual exchange rate system- auction
determined, dual retail auction rate
1987-1988 Dutch auction system
1988-1989 Foreign exchange bureaux
1990-1992 Wholesale and inter-bank auction system
1992-2014 Inter-bank market. The Bank of Ghana (BoG)
selling and buying rates were determined by the
average daily retail rates of commercial banks
Whether the devaluation of the country’s currency (cedi) would improve the trade balance? One
would say that the price elasticises of the export demand and import demand equations in the long
run are consistent with the theoretical predictions of utility maximisation. However, the
elasticities of exports and imports relative to the real exchange rate in the short-run are very
small suggesting supply- and demand-side rigidities in export and import demand flows of Ghana.
Any nominal devaluation of the cedi is bound to weaken the trade balance at least in the short-to-
medium term.
Ghana has no choice therefore, other than to adhere to the fundamentals of the foreign exchange
rate market to solve its perennial problems of deficit, by applying prudent fiscal and monetary
policies and exchange rate policies based on purchasing power parity. These policy rules will also
improve the confidence of consumers and investors in the economy and improve Ghana’s
competitiveness in the global market.
Globalisation practices
Firstly, the IMF and World Bank seem to have great influence over government trade policy. Even
though the adverse effects of imports on farmers are increasingly evident, these institutions have not
wavered in their policy insistence that the applied tariffs remain at their low level.
Secondly the imports of products coming from European countries or the USA were and are
significantly subsidized. The subsidies have enabled the farms and companies in these
developed countries to export at prices that are artificially low.
Ghana is hence a victim of unfair market conditions: it faces competition from subsidized
products from rich countries, it is legally able to protect itself from such unfair competition
by raising its tariffs, but it is disallowed from doing so by powerful international financial
institutions on which the country depends on loans.