This document summarizes a presentation given by Professor Dieter Helm on the end of fossil fuels. It discusses two major game changers: 1) The permanent end of the energy price super cycle as supplies of oil, gas and coal are abundant. 2) New low-carbon technologies like solar, batteries, and electric vehicles will transform energy markets and make them dominated by electricity. This will have major geopolitical impacts and change the landscape of energy companies and markets. Decarbonization is now unstoppable and will require fundamental rethinking of energy and climate policies.