The document discusses the WordPress JSON REST API, which allows accessing a WordPress site's data through an HTTP REST API. It started as a Google Summer of Code project and is now provided as a plugin, with plans to merge it into WordPress core. The API provides resources like posts, media, users, and taxonomy terms. The document provides an example of building an app with the concrete5 framework to get, insert, and retrieve posts from a WordPress site using the JSON REST API and OAuth authentication.