A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. Gerunds are created by adding "-ing" to the base form of regular verbs or following patterns for irregular verbs. Gerunds can serve as subjects or objects in sentences, representing actions, activities, or states of being. Gerund phrases contain a gerund along with modifiers or objects. Common uses of gerunds include serving as subjects or objects of verbs in sentences.

1. GERUND

2. A gerund is a verb form that functions
as a noun in a sentence. It is created
by adding the "-ing" suffix to the base
form of a verb. Gerunds can be used to
represent actions, activities, or states
of being and are often used in a variety
of sentence structures and contexts.

3. Formation Process
Regular Verbs:
Add "-ing" to the base verb.
Example: walk → walking, read → reading
Irregular Verbs:
Follow specific patterns for adding "-ing".
Examples:
run → running
swim → swimming
sing → singing

4. Gerunds and infinitives:
Gerunds aren’t the only kind of verb that act as nouns. When
you need to use a verb as a noun, you can also turn it into an
infinitive.
An infinitive is the word “to” + a verb’s root. There are two ways
you can use an infinitive: as a noun that communicates a single
concept and as an adjective to describe a noun within the
sentence. Here are a few examples, with infinitives bolded:

5. Common Uses of Gerunds
1. As Subjects
Gerunds can serve as the subject of a sentence.
Example: Swimming is good exercise.
2. As Objects of Verbs
Gerunds can act as the object of a verb.
Example: She enjoys reading books.

6. Gerund phrases
A gerund phrase is a phrase that contains a
gerund and a modifier or an object and, in some
cases, both of these. Here are three examples of
gerund phrases:
Apologizing to them
Underground exploring
Running with scissors

7. FUNCTIONS:
As Subjects:
Gerunds can serve as the
subject of a sentence, taking
the place of a noun.
Example: Swimming is my
favorite exercise.
As Objects of Verbs:
Gerunds can act as the direct
object or indirect object of a
verb.
Example: I enjoy reading books.

8. VIDEO PRESENTATION:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWhtHcKaNNg