A gerund is a verbal noun formed with an "-ing" ending that can serve several grammatical functions in a sentence. It can be the subject, direct object, object of a preposition, subjective complement after a linking verb, or appositive renaming another noun. Examples are given of gerunds functioning as subjects ("Hunting tigers is dangerous"), direct objects ("I enjoy cooking"), objects of prepositions ("By reading, we can explore"), subjective complements ("One of my favorite chores is cleaning"), and appositives ("Psychology, studying the human mind, has become popular").

1. Gerund

2. • A gerund is a verbal that
is used as a noun and has
an – ing ending.

3. • How to form a gerund?
• Verb + ing
Examples:
Talk + ing = talking
study + ing = studying

4. Uses
of
Gerund

5. 1. Gerund as a SUBJECT
• Subject- the topic of a sentence.
EXAMPLE:
• Hunting tigers is dangerous
• Smoking causes lung cancer

6. 2. Gerund as a DIRECT OBJECT
• Direct Object- receives the action of the
verb. It answers the question “what” or
“who”.
EXAMPLE:
• I enjoy cooking with my mom.
• Mark likes playing on the team.

7. 3. Gerund as OBJECT OF
PREPOSITION
• Object of preposition- noun or pronoun that
comes after the preposition.
• Preposition- word that shows the relationship
between two other nearby words.
For example, from, for, at, in, on, above etc.

8. Example:
• By reading, we can explore new worlds.
(preposition = by)

9. 4. Gerund as SUBJECTIVE
COMPLEMENT
•Subjective Complement- word or phrase that
follows a linking verb and describes or identifies
the subject.
•Linking verbs- is, was, were.

10. Example:
• One of my favorite household chores
is cleaning the dishes.
• One of his duties was cleaning the
bathroom.

11. 5. Gerund as APPOSITIVE
• Appositive- noun or noun phrase that
renames another noun.
EXAMPLE:
Psychology, studying the human mind, has
become a popular major at university recently.