Geothermal energy is the thermal energy from the Earth's surface, utilized for heating and electricity generation since ancient times, with its first dedicated power plant established in Italy in 1911. As of 2010, 10,715 megawatts of geothermal power are operational across 24 countries, primarily in the USA, Philippines, and Indonesia, contributing to greener electricity production compared to fossil fuels. However, geothermal plants can still emit greenhouse gases, albeit at much lower levels than traditional energy sources.

2. Geothermal Energy is the thermal
energy generated and stored in the
Earth’s surface.

4.  Hot springs have been used for bathing
at least since Paleolithic times the
oldest known spa is a stone pool
on China’s Lisan mountain built in the
Qin dynasty in the 3rd century BC.
 In 1892, America's first district heating
system in Boise, Idaho was powered
directly by geothermal energy.
 A deep geothermal well was used to
heat greenhouses in Boise in 1926, and
geysers were used to heat greenhouses
in Iceland and Tuscany at about the
same time.

5. The Earth's internal
thermal energy flows
to the surface by
conduction at a rate of
44.2 terawatts (TW),
and is replenished by
radioactive decay of
minerals at a rate of
30 TW.

6. Outside of the seasonal
variations, the geothermal
gradient of temperatures
through the crust is 25–
30 °C (45–54 °F) per
kilometer of depth in most
of the world.

9. Direct use and district heating systems

10. Electricity generation power plants
In 2012, six states had
geothermal power plants.
There are three types of
Power Plants:
Dry steam plants
Flash steam plants
Binary cycle power plants

11. Geothermal heat pumps

12. In the 20th century,
demand for electricity led
to the consideration of
geothermal power as a
generating source. Prince
Piero tested the first
geothermal power
generator on 4 July 1904
in Italy. It successfully lit
four light bulbs.

13. Later, in 1911, the world's
first commercial
geothermal power plant
was built there.
Experimental generators
were built in Beppu,
Japan and the California,
in the 1920s, but Italy was
the world's only industrial
producer of geothermal
electricity until 1958.

14. The International
Geothermal Association
(IGA) has reported that
10,715 megawatts (MW)
of geothermal power in
24 countries is online,
which is expected to
generate 67,246 GWh of
electricity in 2010.

15. The largest group of geothermal power
plants in the world is located at The Geysers, a
geothermal field in California.
Country
Capacity
(MW)
2007
Capacity
(MW)
2010
Capacity
(MW)
2013
Percentage
(%) of
National
Production
USA 2687 3086 3389 0.30
Philippines 1969.7 1904 1894 27.00
Indonesia 992 1197 1333 3.70
Mexico 953 958 980 3.00
Italy 810.5 843 901 1.50
Japan 535.2 536 537 0.10

16. Environmental effects
Fluids drawn from the
deep earth carry a
mixture of gases, notably
Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S),
Methane (CH4) and
Ammonia (NH3).
These pollutants
contribute to global
warming, acid rain, and
noxious smells if
released.

17. Environmental effects
Existing geothermal
electric plants emit an
average of 122 kilograms
(270 lb) of CO2 per
megawatt-hour (MWh)
of electricity, a small
fraction of the emission
intensity of conventional
fossil fuel plants.

18. Environmental effects
Direct geothermal heating
systems contain pumps
and compressors.
If the electricity is
produced by burning fossil
fuels.

19. THANK YOU
Presented By
Manas Patra
Electrical Engineering
Final Year
Asansol Engineering College