The document is a geography project on natural regions of the world submitted by Vidushi Singh of class 9th A. It contains an introduction, index of topics, definitions of natural regions and climatic classification. It then provides detailed descriptions of the climate, vegetation, wildlife, and human adaptations in various natural regions including the equatorial region, tropical grasslands, tropical deserts, tropical monsoon region, Mediterranean region, temperate grasslands, taiga region and tundra. It concludes with a bibliography citing sources of information.

1. Mount Carmel school
Geography project
Submitted by Vidushi Singh
Class 9th A
Roll number 34
under guidance of John Sir

2. Natural Regions of
the world

3. I am grateful to Almighty for giving me the strength to successfully
make this project. I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude
to my teacher John Sir as well as our principal Sr. Marine who gave me
the golden opportunity to prepare this wonderful project which helped
me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many
innovative things .
I am deeply indebted to all my family and friends, who helped me by
providing their constructive feedbacks even in these dark times when the
world is fighting against a huge pandemic.
Acknowledg
ement

4. INDEX
1) Introduction of natural regions
2) Equatorial region
3) Tropical grasslands
4) Tropical deserts
5) Tropical monsoon
6) Mediterranean region
7) Temperate grasslands
8) Taiga
9) Tundra
Summary of natural regions of the world

5. A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. It refers
to a part of earth surface which has comparatively high degree of
uniformity of structure, surface form and climate within it .

6. Climatic classification of natural region
 Natural regions are quite different from each other
that’s why their classification is very important.
 The classification of combination of elements of a
specific natural region is known as climatic
classification.
Climate influences both biotic and abiotic
components of a particular region.
 Climatic regions are most probably named after the
vegetation type prevalent there.

8. EQUATORIAL REGION
Location
Area
0 to 10° North and South of
equator
The picture depicts some examples of equatorial region

9. Climate
Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between 25° celsius and
30°C.
 Nights are cool and sky remained clear at night.
Rainfall  Convectional type.
 172 to 250 cm.
 Orographic or relief type in mountainous area.
 Torrential rainfall in plains.
Seasons  Hot and wet.
 Does not experience winter and dry season.

10. AMAZING FACT 🧐🧐
It is located in the
equatorial region still
covered with snow!!
Because of it’s
high altitude

11. Natural
vegetation
Denseforestcoverknownastropicalrainforest
KnowasSelvasinAmazonbasin
Evergreentrees
Thickforest
 Broadleaves
Examples– mahogany,ebony,rosewood, etc.
Vegetationshowsfourdistinctlayersareshownin
thefigure:

12. Tropical rainforest is called ‘the lungs of the world’ because is function
as a big machine that absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen.

13. Wildlife
Arboreal animals are found, that is, adapted to
live on trees.
Most snakes even live on trees because it is almost
dark on the ground demoting their growth.
Monkeys ,reptiles, apes, etc,
Birds like hornbills, parrots, macaws, etc.

14. Human
adaptations
 Hunting, gathering , shifting cultivation
 Major crops - Tapioca, yam, bananas, groundnuts, maize, etc.
 Major regions – Java, Sumatra, Malaysia, etc.
 Most outstanding plantations are natural rubber and cocoa.
Malaysia and Indonesia contribute to 1/3 of
world production of natural rubber !!

15. 15
Tropical
grasslands

16. Savannas

17. Location
7 to 20° North and South of
equator
Area

18. Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between 22° celsius and
37°C.
 Overcast sky and cooler atmosphere.
Rainfall  Less than Tropical Monsoon
 Length differs from area to area
Seasons  May to September - hot and wet.
 October to April – cool and dry season.
 In southern hemisphere it is reversed.
Climate

19. Natural
vegetation
Tall grassesandshorttrees
KnowasSavannas
Deciduoustrees
Thickforest
Examples– baobabs,bottletrees,etc.
Grassesusuallygrowtotheheightof3 to 6 feet

20. Human
adaptations
 Natural cattle country
 Major crops – Cotton, Sugarcane, Coffee, Oil palm, etc.
 Major regions – West Africa, South America, etc.
 Most people are herdsmen or pastoralists.
Queensland in Australia is the largest cattle
producing state!!

21. Falls in tropical zone

22. TROPICAL DESERT
Location
Area
15 to 30° North and South of
equator
The picture depicts some examples of tropical desert region

23. Climate
Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between 30° celsius and
45°C.
 Nights are frost and days are hottest.
Rainfall  No major rainfall.
 Less than 25 cm.
Seasons  Winter and summer
 Does not experience rainy season.
 Mistral, Bora and Sirocco may affect the seasons.

24. Natural
vegetation
 Less vegetation
Scanty anddry trade winds
Cactus, Prickly pear, etc.
Xerophyticplants are found
Leathery leaves, thorns
Near water courses, dates are also found
Some have repugnant smell as means of protection against
animal grazing

25. Wildlife
 Lizards, squirrels, snakes, rats, mice
Most of them are burrowing animals
Some animals like jackal, foxes, hyenas and
antelope wander in the desert but live at the
edges
Camel is the ship of desert.

26. Human
adaptations
 Bushmen of Kalahari and Bindibu of Australia
 Major crops – Wheat, barley, Sugar, Cotton, etc.
 Major regions – Near the life giving water of NILE, etc.
 Most crops are grown near water sources.
Inhabitants thrive to survive in that
inhospitable and harsh environment!!

27. TROPICAL MONSOON TYPE CLIMATE

28. TROPICAL MONSOON TYPE CLIMATE
Location
Area
37 to 80° North and South of
equator
The picture depicts some examples of tropical monsoon

29. Climate
Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between 27° celsius and
38°C.
 There are cyclonic disturbances and monsoon is not regular.
Rainfall  Very high humidity
 Heavy rainfall
 Long consecutive days of rainfall
 South to southwesterly winds.
Seasons  March to May – Hot dry season
 June to September- rainy
 October to February- Cool dry season

30. Natural
vegetation
Forestcoverknownastropicalevergreenrainforest
MarginaldifferencefromEquatorevergreenforest
Evergreentreesaswell asdeciduousforest
Luxuriantgrowthofclimbers
 Epiphytesarefound
Examples– Rosewood,Ebony,Sisam,Bamboo,etc.
FoundinWesternGhats,Kerala,TamilNadu,etc.

31. Human
adaptations
 Main occupation is AGRICULTURE.
 Major crops – Rice, wheat, maize, barley, etc.
 Major regions – Western parts of Maharashtra, Kerala, etc.
 Most people follow agriculture.
Crops are grown in small farms in
plains and on terrace hills!!

32. MEDITERRANEAN REGION

33. MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Location
Area
30 to 45° North and South of
equator
The picture depicts some examples of Mediterranean region

34. Climate
Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between 20° celsius and
28°C.
 Westerlies and temperate cyclones travel from east to west.
 Mistral is found in Rhone Valley
 Bora in north Adriatic sea
Rainfall  Mostly in winter
 Moderate rainfall
 35 to70 cm
 More effect on pole side .
Seasons  Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn
 Well defined climate
 Trees follow rhythmic order.

35. Natural
vegetation
Tall grassesandshorttrees
Deciduoustrees(Coniferousinpolarregion)
Longrootedtrees
Examples– Oak,Laurel,Cork, Oleander,etc.
 Eucalyptus(Australia)mostcommonlyfound.
 ForestofCaliforniais famousforRedwoodtress.
Bushgrowthonouteredge.

36. Human
adaptations
 Orchard farming
 Major crops – Citrus fruits(Lemon, oranges, etc. ), walnuts,
hazelnuts, almonds, rice, wheat, etc.
 Major regions – MMassachusetts, etc.
 Most people follow agriculture.
Mediterranean region accounts for 70% of
world’s export of citrus fruits!!

38. TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS
Location
Area
40 to 55° North and South of
equator
The picture depicts some examples of temperate grasslands

39. Climate
Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between 18° celsius and
26°C.
 Hottest month in Calgary (July)- 16.4° C
 Hottest month in Osaka (August)- 27.6°C
 Coldest month in Calgary (January)- -10.0° C
 Coldest month in Osaka (January)- 4.4°C
Rainfall  20 cm to 60 cm
 Great variation in rainfall
 Local winds like chinook also affect the rainfall.
 Convectional type
 In Calgary rain with melting snow is experienced due to low
temperature

40. Natural
vegetation
Temperategrasslandsandsavannasdifferpractically
Temperategrasslandsareareasofopengrassyplains
thataresparselypopulatedwithtrees.
Temperaturesvarywithseasonswithtornadoes,
blizzards,andfiresoccurringinmanytemperate
grasslandregions.
Temperategrasslandsarehometomanylargeand
small herbivores.

41. Human
adaptations
 Granaries of the world.
 Major crops – Cotton, maize, etc.
 Major regions – Argentina – pampas, Australia – downs,
Central North America - plains and prairies., etc.
 Most people follow wheat cultivation.
The Temperate Grasslands are also
called the 'granaries of the world’ !!

42. TAIGA REGION

43. TAIGA REGION
Location
Area
55 to 70° in northern hemisphere
The picture depicts some examples of taiga region

44. Climate
Temperature  Winter Temperature in this region ranges between -54°
celsius and -1°C.
 Taiga has a subarctic climate with very large temperature
range between seasons.
 Siberian Climate
Rainfall  25 to 100 cm
 Well distributed maximum during summers
 Blizzards in Canada
 Burans in Europe

45. Natural
vegetation
FoundinContinuousbelt
EvergreenConiferoustrees
EurasiaandnorthAmericaarerichestsourceofsoft
wood
Examples– pine,fir,spruce,cedar,etc.
 FoundinnorthAmerica,Europe,Asia,etc.

46. Human
adaptations
 Sparsely populated
 Major crops – barley, oats, rye, etc.
 Major regions – lands bordering steppes., etc.
 This region is inhabited by pastoral nomads
Cold climate hinders human
adaptation!!

47. THE TUNDRA

48. THE TUNDRA
Location
Area
Beyond 65° in northern
hemisphere
The picture depicts some examples of tundra region

49. Climate
Temperature  Temperature in this region ranges between -20.C to 10.
 Continuous darkness
 Low annual range of temperature
 Snow seldom melts
Rainfall  No convectional rainfall
 Cyclonic mostly
 Usually in summers
 Precipitation in the form of snow

50. Natural
vegetation
Duetoharshweatheronlyfewplantscansurvive
 Negligibletrees
 Tundravegetationis composedofmoss,grasses,and
lichens.
 Examples-Alpinetundra,Arctictundraand
Antarctictundra.Arctictundra

51. Human
adaptations
 Semi nomadic people - ESKIMOS
 Major food – fish, seals, walruses, etc.
 Major regions – Alaska, Greenland, northern Canada , etc.
 Rear fur bearing animals commercially
Here a new variety of wheat having
short maturing period is found !!

52. Bibliography
 Tundra - Effects of human activities and climate change |
Britannica
 hoh rainforest washington state – Bing
mediterranean region rainfall – Bing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate