This document summarizes how genomics is used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery. It discusses how genomics became prominent in drug development after the 1990s due to large amounts of gene sequence data available. Using genomics, the pharmaceutical industry can identify new drug targets and reduce costs by validating targets early. Genomics allows studying entire gene networks and individual patient genotypes to develop personalized medications and dosages. The document provides an example of how HIV drug development used genomics by targeting the reverse transcriptase enzyme's dNTP and non-nucleoside binding sites.

1. Assignment – 02
Seminar on Genomics in
Biopharmaceutical technology
By
Narra Naga Pavan Kumar (KVPY Fellow)
1st
M.Tech Biotech (14IS1D0301)
Institute of Science & Technology, JNTUK University

2. What is Genomics
• study of the complete set of genes of an organism.
• The genome is static.
• Comprises of functional and structural genomics.

3. How in pharmaceutical industry and why
• Goal of Pharma industry : the new drug
• Became Prominent after 1990’ s
• For the new drug targets
• And intellectual property rights
• To reduce the cost wasting at the target validation and identification
•The over all result = Drug Discovery

5. Drug Discovery

6. Why genomics why not the normal
process
• Due to large data available through the genome sequencing projects.
• The amount of free data available through the databases.
• The expressed human genes.
• Many diseases develop as a result of gene networks.
• Led to a new subject called pharmacogenomics.

7. Key Features of pharmacogenomics
• Cause of common fatal diseases.
• Study of individual genotype and its ability to metabolize the foreign
compound.
• Identify the gene or its loci in response to the drug action.
• Diseased could be treated according to the genetic pattern.
• And also by specific markers.
• Medications and dosages for the individual patients.

8. Steps involved in the drug discovery by
genomics

11. Example :HIV Virus RT Enzyme Targeting
Adapted from Edward Arnold (Rutgers University, Piscataway, USA and CABM
• Targeting the RT enzyme of HIV
• Based on the crystal structure of RT Enzyme from HIV Virus two sites are
identified dNTP-binding site, non-nucleoside RT-inhibiting site.
• non-nucleoside RT-inhibiting site is suitable for the disruption of RT Enzyme
activity,
• The most successful candidates, such as TMC120 and TMC125, appear to have
low toxicity (in the micromolar range) and high selectivity.

13. The end