Genetically Engineered Crops Essays

Genetically Engineered Crops Essays
Genetically Engineered Crops
Chemical and seed companies have been working the last several years to alter the genetic make–up of certain crops to combat heavy pressure from
insects and weeds. Through genetic manipulation plant breeders have been able to make certain crops resistant to different types of chemicals and
insects. Breeders can alter the crops by adding to a specific plant one or more genes from other related crops with a known resistance to an insect or
herbicide The use of genetically engineered crops has become a hotly debated topic over the last couple of years. Environmentalists are concerned with
how these new crops will affect the environment. Farmers want to know how these crops will help them to increase production ... Show more content on
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Roundup works by inhibiting enzymes essential to plant growth. By increasing the enzymes produced in plants, the plant is unaffected by the herbicide
(Monsanto Crossroads). With the insertion of the Roundup resistant and Bt genes, the negative environmental impacts from agriculture can be reduced.
One way environmental damage can be reduced is by decreasing pesticide use. According to Monsanto, Bollgard" cotton, a variety resistant to
bollworms, was used in 13% of the total cotton crop in 1996. Sixty percent of those growers used no insecticide, most others only used one
application. This is compared to an average of 4 to 6 applications. The reduced applications saved a quarter million gallons of insecticide. Monsanto
has also developed potatoes with resistance to the Colorado potato beetle. Farmers using this new variety reported eliminating 1–5 insecticide
applications. The total reduction in applications of insecticides was between 33%–42% over conventional methods (Biotech Benefits).
By inserting the Bt gene into the plant cell, only the insects that are damaging the crop are killed. Conversely, when the Bt gene is used in a pesticide
spray many more insects that may have been beneficial to the crop are killed (ESA Position Statement). By having insect resistance built–in, farmers
can eliminate costly trips across the field needed to spray insecticides. Much like Bt corn,
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Roundup Ready 2 Extend: A Case Study
A product manufactured by Monsanto is the weed killer Roundup Ready 2 Xtend. The Roundup Ready 2 Xtend is used to by soybean farmers and
claims to provide growers with an outstanding performance with their efforts to produce the best crop possible. However, the product is not currently
approved by the Environmental Protection Agency. Farmers will like the newroundup ready plus because it will give them a higher yield on their
crops. Monsanto claims that the farmers can expect up to four bushels of soybeans per acre (Monsanto, 2016). In order for the new Roundup Ready 2
Xtend to be used in the United States, each state has to approve the use of the product. The product is used by spraying it onto the crops in order to
combat pests.

The Threat Of Genetically Modified Foods
Whether Americans realize it or not, most of them consume genetically modified organisms every time they eat a snack or a meal. According to
Robin Mather's article "The Threats from Genetically Modified Foods", "you're eating genetically modified foods almost daily unless you grow
all of the food or always buy organic" (Mather). This can be a scary thought for those who know about the numerous effects of GMOs or those who
didn't know what was in the food they've been ingesting for years. When Nielsen selected 1,200 Americans for a survey on GMOs for The Wall
Street Journal, "61% of consumers had heard of GMOs and nearly half of those people said they avoid eating them" (Gasparro). The only difficulty
with avoiding genetically modified organisms is that they make up approximately eighty percent of the ingredients used in processed foods that put
together most of the regular American diet (Gasparro). The reason that genetically modified organisms are in most processed foods is because most
processed foods contain corn or high fructose corn syrup that comes from genetically modified corn plants. Of all the corn, soybeans, sugar beet, and
canola crops grown in the United States, over ninety percent of those crops are grown from genetically altered seeds (Gasparro). Ever since 1996,
when genetically modified plants were first commercially grown for the public, the use of genetically modified seeds has been on a sharp increase
(Charman). Although the use of genetically modified

Pros And Cons Of Monsanto's Herbicide Roundup
Monsanto Damages Liver & Kidney's
Miranda Eisenschmidt
MONSANTO'S
Monsanto's is an agricultural biotechnology corporation. They are the producers of Roundup ready seeds, which are seeds that are not affected or
killed by weed killer. Not only do they produce the seeds but they produce the herbicide Roundup as well that kills unwanted weeds and grass. These
things seem like something every gardener would want. What could be better? Well Roundup is not all is thought to be. The herbicide Roundup has
been linked to damaging liver and kidneys.
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
"'There were more than 4,000 genes in the liver and kidneys [of the rats that were fed Roundup] whose levels of expression had changed," the study's
leading scientist, Michael Antoniou, head of the Gene Expression and Therapy Group at King's College London, said, as quoted by the Environmental
Health News" according to RT News.
King's College London is the college that started all the commotion about Monsanto's herbicide Roundup being a concern with damaging organs such
as the liver and kidneys. They did a science experiment with rats. They found that rats that were exposed to just a tiny amount of Roundup in their ...
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It seems as if every social media site has an article, post, picture or video describing how Monsanto's Roundup herbicide is causing a negative effect
on our health. The activity is frequent and engaging, there is at least ten plus post about the negative effect of Roundup on our health daily. In
addition to there being post about the situation, the post are being, retweeted, liked and shared throughout social media as well. Yet, is the message
powerful? Brian Bienkowski (2015) says, "Meanwhile, use of the herbicide has skyrocketed, increasing more than 250 times over the past four
decades in the U.S., according to estimates." So if people seem so concerned about Roundup being harmful to us physically why are they still
purchasing the

Monsanto Vs. Farmers : Who Has The Victory?
Monsanto vs. Farmers in Court: Who has the victory?
Monsanto, who is he? It is just the name of the company that was created by John F.
Queeny, who then passed it to Edgar M. Queeny, his son. According to Nicole C. Nachtigal,
Monsanto Company, previously known as Monsanto Chemical Works in 1901, has been working with chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.
Monsanto created a glyphosate in the 1970s, which is an herbicide known as "Roundup." It is non–selective, which means that it kills any plants that
are not genetically modified to be resistant to the herbicide. As a result of the Roundup,
Monsanto Company created the first genetically modified (GM) seeds that will not be affected by the herbicide. After the creation of glyphosate and
the creation of the GM seeds, resistant seeds were favored for commercialization and are currently for sail. Due to the commercialization,
Monsanto had a legal patent for Roundup, which makes it impossible for other companies to create glyphosate. Since it expired in September 2000,
Monsanto wanted to protect the research that was used to create the glyphosate so that no one else can produce it, so Monsanto created a Monsanto
Technology Agreement (MTA). To buy Monsanto's seeds, the farmer needs to sign the agreement first. It is a form of protection so that no one will
know what the Roundup contains. The contracts states that the buyer cannot save the seeds for the upcoming seasons or sell them to someone else, but
they still have to

Gmos Being Used For Agricultural Production Essay
The population around the world is increasing constantly, therefore, GMOs which are safe to consume should be used in the production of
agricultural products in order to keep up with demand. First, the population is growing on a day to day basis and is constantly demanding agricultural
resources that use GMOs. Next, will be the history of GMOs and their use. Finally will be my own stance on the topic of GMOs being used for
agricultural production. The seven–billionth member of humanity was welcomed in 2011. Experts predict by 2050 with the current birth rate
humanity will reach towards 9 billion people. In order to feed all of these people the amount of food that we produce would have to nearly double.
Aside from the issue of the amount of food there are issues like what kind of food is needed and where it is needed around the globe. For the most
part the earth's population has increased relatively slowly but steady pace. In the past 120 years, however, the amount of people that need to be fed by
our planet has increased tremendously from 1.5 billion to 7 billion. This dramatic increase may be because of agriculture itself. On a global scale food
is nutritious and a lot easier to get than it was before. Birth rates are tending to go down but the life expectancy and life quality is increasing in this
day in age. Even with this happening experts still expect the population to grow by more than 2 billion in the next 40 years. Another issue is the
technological space between

How Does Glyphosate Affect Date Palm Trees
Introduction
Asked to research how Round–up PowerMax affects date palm trees, these are my findings. I found that Round–up's active ingredient is glyphosate.
This led me to search various databases with scientific studies on glyphosate's effects on date palm trees. Currently there is one similar study on
glyphosates effects on palm trees. Although this study at a glance seems thorough, it does not specifically test the chemical's effects on date palm trees.
Consequently, there are currently no studies on how glyphosate affects date palm species.
The purpose of this memo is to discourse glyphosate's effects on date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera). Each segment of this memo contains exhibits;
each exhibit contains specific findings and/or research on glyphosate's effects on the date palm species.
Exhibit 1
Henry Donselman and Timothy K. Broschat at the Ft. Lauderdale Research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study describes the symptoms of Herbicide damage on a table. A portion of the table is devoted toRoundup Herbicide damage.
Exhibit 8
Exhibit 8 is a proper handling and application of herbicide guide by Monsanto (the company that owns Round–up). In the safety, studies section there is
a portion the dosing of herbicide. According to the guidebook, a higher level of herbicide equates to a higher level of toxicity.
Exhibit 9
National Union Can't Dodge Pesticide Damage Coverage, written by Jody Godoy, examines the case between National Union Fire Ins. and Florida
Crystal Corporation. I discerned that the Defendant, Florida Crystals, claimed it failed to investigate its property ownings before sending the spray
order to Roma Air. The action of mislabeling the map was unintentional according to the defendant.
Exhibit 10
The EPA governmental website has an informational page on various topics. This exhibit includes information from this informational page on
pesticides. The webpage on page 1 describes pesticides

The World 's Largest Seed Company
"Prosperous farmers mean more employment, more prosperity for the workers and the business men of every industrial area in the whole country."–
Franklin D. Roosevelt. The world's largest seed company, with sales over $10.5 billion is Monsanto. Monsanto specializes in biotechnology, or
genetic modification. Scientist modify crop seeds to better suite environmental needs, provide a higher crop yield, and to create resistance to insects.
These seeds are modified to withstand weeks of droughts, deter weeds from growing, and to kill insects that may harm the functionality of the crop.
Corn, cotton, soybeans, and canola are the main seeds modified and produced by Monsanto. Approximately 90% of the world's genetically modified
seeds are sold by Monsanto. (Ferrel, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013) Genetically modified foods cause an alarm for consumers, shareholders, and citizens.
The safety and concern of environmental effects are a major issue for Monsanto. Many individuals question the overall safety of genetically changing
and modifying the seeds. It is a concern that gene splicing could cause a negative impact on those who eat the product. Whether it goes straight to the
cow, then the consumer or straight to the consumer, many individuals wonder if the seeds can be harmful. Environmental effects are also a great cause
for concern. The use of Roundup Ready herbicide containing glyphosate is questioned. Glyphosate has the ability to harm birds, insects, and
amphibians that come into

Is Monsanto Good Or Bad
Monsanto has neglected to do their due diligence to protect the American people. Currently, they supply a weed killer called Roundup, that is poisoning
both the environment and the American people. Monsanto is not required to disclose what ingredients are in Roundup, but one of the known
ingredients is glyphosate, a possible carcinogen. While plants may be ready for this chemical introduction, humans are not. This chemical is potentially
dangerous to people as it often ends up in our water sources, poisoning the fish in our food chain. While the potential dangers of Roundup are not
known, that of previous Monsanto products are known. Monsanto helped to create the Atomic bomb that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
There are no other words to describe the outcome of that bomb but devastating. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Monsanto globalized polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) which are industrial coolants and also carcinogenic pollutants. They were dumped into the air,
land, and water. Previously, Monsanto also tested the effects of their products on hundreds pregnant women. The finding of this testing was that the
chemicals caused birth defects. This just goes to show the negligence of the company. However, despite all of this, the US government has continued to
partner and support Monsanto. They have spent millions on propaganda campaigns, in order to protect their company and in turn, protect their profits.
When scientific findings that showed degenerative diseases and birth defects arose, Monsanto used propaganda to cover them up. While Monsanto did
not take reasonable steps to ensure their products would not cause harm, the Food and Drug Administration also did not do their due diligence to
protect the

Biotechnology: Monsanto Herbicide Roundup
Monsanto is a company which produces genetically modified plants and crops by using biotechnology to insert new genes into plant seeds. Along with
using GMOs, Monsanto also uses the herbicide Roundup, which kills the weeds around the crops without actually hurting the crop itself. By doing this
there will be a higher crop yield, and ultimately more profit, but can have negative effects on humans and the environment.
Seeds that contain the toxins from Roundup can spread by insects, other animals, or wind to nearby areas and contaminate non–GM crops. One insect
that is being harmed the most by Roundup is the honey bee. Monsanto denies that their use of pesticides is affecting the bee population and blames it
on the Varroa mite. Monsanto is correct

Why Is Gmo Wrong
The production of GMO's and or use, is wrong from a Christian perspective. God made everything that humans see today, and god made it beautiful.
In the book of Genesis, it describes god's process of making the world that he gifted to humans to be stewards of. He charged humans with the care of
the beautiful garden of Eden. (Holy Bible Genesis 2:15) The Bible also reads "The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof, the world and those who
dwell therein." (Holy Bible Psalm 24:1) The Earth was not the creation of man but of God, although he made it for man to dwell, it still belongs to
God. This is very similar to man's bodies, alike the earth man's body is not their own but God's and we are also charged to take care of our own bodies.
(Holy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Genesis 1:31 reads "God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning–the sixth day." Man, has no
right to disturb the beauty that God endowed the earth with. GMO's don't only mess with the cells of God's creations, they even make disgusting
abominations which are not only cellularly a mess but also physically. In 1985 pigs were engineered with a human gene that produces human growth
hormone. The scientists' goal was to produce a faster–growing pig. What they got was a freak show. "With their bristly hair and wide muzzles, these
animals looked nothing like the pigs on the farm owned by my grandfather. Another bad product of the use of GMO's is superbug and super weeds.
Herbicide–resistant weeds–often referred to as "super weeds"–are nuisance plants that have developed resistance to one or more herbicides. They have
been a serious problem for decades, but increasingly, GMO critics have focused criticism on weeds that have developed immunity to the popular
herbicide glyphosate also known as roundup. (nongmoproject) Super bugs are also just bugs, specifically pest, that have become more resistant to
pesticides. Because of super bugs and super weeds, the use of herbicides and pesticides has been upped fifteen

Essay on Monsanto Attempts to Balance Stakeholder Interests
Summary: Monsanto Company is the world's largest seed company. They specialize in genetic manipulation of organisms. Monsanto was founded by
John E Queeny in 1901 in St. Louis, Missouri. The company's first product was artificial sweetener. At the start of World War 1, company leader
realized the growth opportunities of industrial chemicals. In 1970's, Monsanto had produced a chemical known as Agent Orange. Agent Orange
contained dioxin; a chemical that caused a legal nightmare for Monsanto, a lawsuit was filed against Monsanto on behalf of hundreds of veterans. The
repercussions of dioxin would plague the company for years. In 1981 Monsanto leaders determined that biotechnology would be the company's new ...
Comply with all laws, and rules
4.Act in good faith
5.Respect the confidentiality of information
6.Share knowledge and maintain skills
7.Promote and be a good example of ethical behavior
8.Responsible use of and control over all assets
9.Promptly report to the General Counsel or Director of Business Conduct and conduct that is violation of law or business ethics
Monsanto's measuring up:
Concerns about the safety of GM foods:
One concern is toxicity, but despite the concerns, the FDA has proclaimed the GM food is safe to consumers.
Concerns about Environmental effects:
There are concerns about the roundup herbicide, which is used in conjunction with the GM seed. But studies have shown that the Environmental
Protection Agency maintains that glyphosate is not dangerous at recommended doses.
Another concern is that GM seeds could be carried off by the wind, bees and other insects to other areas. Monsanto has not been silent on these issues
and has acted to address some of these concerns.
Concerns about crop resistance to Pesticides and Herbicides:
Critics fear that continual use of chemicals could result in "super weeds" and "super bugs".
a.To combat "super bugs" the government requires farmers using Monsanto's products to create "refuges".
b.To prevent resistance to herbicide, farmers are required to vary herbicide use and practice crop rotations.

Monsanto Ethics issues: In

Monsanto Vs Bowman Essay
Bowman purchased the second generation of Monsanto roundup ready soybean from a grain elevator. Monsanto sued Bowman for patent infringement
by using their biotech product of Roundup Ready soybeans. The Supreme Court held that Bowman infringed on Monsanto's patent. I believe the
Supreme Court was wrong for ruling in favor of Monsanto. Seeds are a form of life it does not matter if they are genetically modified or not, life cannot
be patented. I also believe the patent that Monsanto had on the soybeans had been exhausted at the end of the first generation because seeds naturally
reproduce copies.
Monsanto was originally founded as a chemical company in 1901 by John Francis Queeny. During the postwar era, Monsanto got into the agriculture
industry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Farmers have already paid Monsanto 20 million dollars in lawsuits. Monsanto has also investigated 1000s of other farmers across the country for seed
patent infringement. Monsanto has the seed market so corned that it is almost impossible for farmers to purchase seeds that are not genetically
modified. But yet Monsanto criticized Vernon Bowman for buying Monsanto seeds without paying for them and says that if Bowman wants to save
money he could have bought conventional seeds. Monsanto makes it sound easy, but really Bowman only had a 10 percent chance of buying
non–GMO seed. I believe that Monsanto's patent on seeds has been exhausted. After the seeds have been bought, Monsanto no longer has control of
the seeds. If a seed is in the ground it will naturally reproduce. It does not matter if the seed was planted, deposited by animals, blow in the wind, or
left from previous generations the seed is still going to reproduce. How can Monsanto claim that all reproduce seeds of the Roundup Ready soybean
belongs to them when the seeds produce copies all by

Monsanto Code Of Ethics
Monsanto Co. is a publicly traded multinational agrochemical and biotech corporation founded in St. Louis Missouri in 1901 making it one of the
largest, and most histories US corporations. It operates around the world in around 69 countries. It has operating revenue of around $15 billion with
over 21,000 employees. A lot of farmers around the world depend on theirRoundup brand, utilizing their genetically engineered seeds for better
productivity and pest resistance as well as their herbicide glyphosate to keep farm produce healthy. According to Thorne, McAlister, Ferrell & Ferell
(2005), social responsibility is, "the adoption by a business of a strategic focus for fulfilling the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic
responsibilities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Respect stakeholders beyond shareholders – Monsanto as it stands has instigated a lot of social investment in the well–being and outcome of their
shareholders but I believe a few more tweaking to encompass the broader community will also be welcome. Consider for example an agricultural
town in Peru where small farms are the norm. If Monsanto as a provider of their genetic seeds and herbicide held regular education training and
seminars to empower small farmers with new knowledge, then Monsanto is going to go beyond shareholders and in its work, really make a difference
towards changing the life outcomes of those they

Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo ) Essay
Agriculture has existed for thousands of years and has been able to support the lives of many individuals through providing consumer goods. These
consumer good are constantly being bought and sold between various countries in order to sustain life on earth. Although past agricultural methods
were seen as natural from farmers working out in the field and growing food sustainably, the drive for economic gain that society possessed allowed
for many corporations such as Monsanto to develop. The Monsanto Corporation is located in St. Louis Missouri and is known as an "American
multinational agrochemical and agriculture biotechnology corporation." (Monsanto Company, 2015). Monsanto was founded in 1901 and began to
create herbicides between 1945 and 1976. With the success of the herbicide creations, Monsanto then began to develop plants that contained
biotechnology traits known as genetically modified organisms (GMO) or genetically modified (GM) crops (Monsanto Company, 2015). These GM
crops are " used for agricultural purposes into which one or several genes coding for desirable traits have been inserted through the process of
genetic engineering" (Qaim, 2009, p.1). The use and expansion of GM crops continues to rise with the United States being one of the world's largest
leading producers (GMO compass, 2007). GM crops were introduced into society because many believed that this new technology would be able to
improve the quality of the worlds food supply (Conner et al, 2003).

Essay on Roundup
"If you read Wall Street's reports, they don't talk of soya bean as originating in China. They don't talk of soya bean as soya bean. They talk of
Monsanto soya. Monsanto soya is protected by a patent. It has a patent number. It is therefore treated as a creation of Monsanto, a product of
Monsanto's intelligence and innovation." – VandanaShiva (Barsamian, 1997)
Introduction
Monsanto is a Saint Louis Chemical manufacturer that is a major player in the weed killing business. Monsanto has quite a portentous past. They
developed and produced the notorious defoliant "Agent Orange" used in the Vietnam War, they invented the controversial recombinant Bovine Growth
Hormone (rBGH), and they were the inventors and world's main producer of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Important Issues
– Are we using too much Roundup?
– Is Roundup safe enough to be using in the mass quantities it is being used for?
– Should we continue to support Monsanto by purchasing their product while they are pushing Roundup Ready Soybeans – a crop system that is no
tastier, no healthier, and no cheaper than the way Soybeans have been grown in the past?
Roundup Ready Soybeans
Monsanto's Roundup Ready Soybean (RRS) is a genetically engineered variety of soybeans, which contains gene sequences from a cauliflower
mosaic virus (CMV), a petunia, and a bacterium (Agrobacterium sp.) (Greenpeace, 1997). The two bacterial genes, in short, provide for resistance
against Roundup, resulting in a crop of soybeans that can be sprayed with Roundup to protect it from weeds, while not injuring it. In 1996, U.S.
farmers harvested about 1.2 million acres of Roundup Ready Soybeans, and although this crop represented only about 2 percent of U.S. soybeans, it
will be mixed with conventional soybeans – unlabeled – to become part of as much as 60 percent of all processed foods that contain some soy–based
ingredient (Bruno, 1997). In the United States, most consumers are likely to have already ingested small amounts of transgenic soy in such common
food as margarine, chocolate, baby food, and

Monsanto 's Ethical Culture, Costs And Benefits Of Growing...
Monsanto Corporation based on my reading is a company that initially specialized in chemical distribution, after years in this industry switched over to
biotechnology, or the genetic manipulation of organisms. After years of growth, controversy and legal issues, they still have been able to maintain the
company growth and even has now started producing other goods. This paper specifically discusses efficacy of Monsanto's ethical culture, costs and
benefits of growing GMO seed, and management of harm to plants and animals.
Efficacy of Monsanto's Ethical Culture
"Monsanto was founded by John T. Queeny in 1901 in St. Louis, Missouri, he named the company after his wife, Olga Monsanto Queeny." (Ferrell,
et.al 2017 p. 383) Monsanto Company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were not maintaining an ethical culture since they did not fully comply with the licensing standards they had agreed.
Costs and Benefits of Growing GMO Seed The genetically modified seeds that Monsanto Company used had its greatest benefits for the farmers that
chose to use the seed. Having a genetically modified seed helped farmers know what to forecast for the upcoming harvesting season. According to
Ferrell, et. al (2017 pg. 384 para. 3), "Monsanto scientist, through their work in biotechnology, were able to implant seeds with genes that make the
plants themselves kill bugs. They also created seeds containing the herbicide Roundup, it's an herbicide that kills weeds but spares the crops." Having
a seed that contained an herbicide was beneficial to the farmer because that potentially saved them money on the need to buy weed killer to save
the crop. Another benefit for using the GMO seeds is that farmers will use less space and have the ability to grow more crops and in turn will
increase crop yield. The traditional seeds require more space, which decreases a farmer's crop yield. According to Conway, Gordon (2000 para. 5) he
says, "most of the new varieties that are grantees are developing are the result of tissue culture and marker–aided selection techniques and do not

Monsantos Roundup
94% of the soybeans and 72% of the corn grown in the US are genetically engineered to be Roundup Ready, or able to withstand Monsantos Roundup
herbicide or its generic form glyphosate. While Monsanto initially marketed Roundup as being "safer than table salt," several studies have pointed to
health risk. In 08 study in Sweden linked Roundup exposure to non–Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 07 study in Ecuador found a higher degree of DNA
damag in a population that had been aerially sprayed. DNA damage can ultimately lead to cancer or birth defects. In 03 study of tadpoles exposed to
Roundup in Argentina found a higher incidence of skull, eye, and tail abnormalities. Corresponding to that study, a 09 study in Paraguay found that
women exposed to Roundup ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Corn for example introduces a protein that pokes holes in the gut of common pests, killing them. While Big Biotech claims that humans won't
experience the same kind of damage, studies out of Cuba and Mexico have found that certain Bt crops do poke holes in the guts of mice. And Dr.
Gilles–Eric and again found statistically significant occurrences of these effects, in addition to liver and kidney damage in rats.
Through gene escape they can pass on to other people of the same species and perhaps other species. Genes showed in GMOs are no exception, and
show might occur at gene cell plant and ecosystem level. Problems could result if for example herbicide–resistance genes got into weeds. So far
research on this is inconclusive with scientists divided often bitterly. But there is scientific consensus that once widely released recalling transgenes or
different DNA sequences whose safety is still subject to scientific debate will not be feasible.
Genes can mutate with heartful effect It is not yet known whether artificial insertion of genes could destabilize an organism encouraging mutations or
whether the inserted gene it self will keep stable in the plant over generations. There is no conclusive data on this

The Monsanto Company's Relationship and Performance in the...
Monsanto Company is a large multinational agricultural conglomerate that supplies genetically engineered products to the market. The enormity of its
financial muscle makes it a strong market force. The company has been engaging in unscrupulous activities while receiving protection from the
government and other government agencies in its undertakings. This analysis utilizes a heuristic approach to dissect the Monsanto's relationship and
performance in the market amidst ethical, social and legal odds.
Monsanto Company and Government Ties
Challenges facing Monsanto Company have been many. This company has been engaging in unscrupulous undertakings that have led to innumerable
law suits against the company. In many countries, Monsanto ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These appointments have made it possible for Monsanto Company to impose influence in the government and related regulatory agencies. For instance,
when Obama entered into office, investigations were launched on the operations of Monsanto Company but were later terminated without any tangible
reason given to members of the public.
When questioned about their business and operations, the President of Monsanto Company noted that their work is to make money while the work of
the FDA was to ensure that products from individual companies were safe for public consumption (). This shows a substantial level of impunity and
disregard of quality and safe productions.
Monsanto and Small Farmers & Dairy
Small farmers have been at a loss with regard to farm produce. Small farmers have been subjected to innumerable law suits by the Monsanto Company
since it has the financial muscle to marshal support from legal experts. In one weird case hearing, Monsanto Company stated that pollens from small
farmers were contaminating the company's produce leading to cross pollination. This resulted in impure seeds that were less than perfect when
subjected to harsh products like the company's RoundupВ® pesticide.
Small farmers have been forced to have at least 70 % of their farm products from Monsanto Company. Farmers that did not adhere to this ideation were
segregated and their products lacked market as the company flooded local markets with similar products. These farmers ended

Genetically Modified Organisms : Gmos
Genetically modified organisms, GMOs for short, is a plant or animal that is created through gene slicing techniques of biotechnology which mean
merging different DNA from different species to make the plant and animal stronger and faster at growing them. It introduces to the public that GMOs
crop are answer to keep up the food production rate to feed the growing global population by the Monsanto Companies which is one of the company
that introduce the GMOs crops. GMOs Company suggests that GMOs crops are the herbicide and pesticide resistant crops which is why it will
reduce the costs and increase the production rate. However, the bugs and animals are becoming resistant to this chemical so that farmers have to use
more or stronger pesticide and herbicide chemicals. It became major concern amount the public about their health that GMOs Companies introduce the
use of too many pesticide and herbicide into the foods; the people also don't like the fact that GMOs Companies are using unnatural mean to alter the
plants and animals DNA, and using law and any mean necessarily to gain profit off the famers.
Many people worry that GMOs corps make farmers use too many chemical into the food that they are eating will causes harm to their health. GMOs
consist of two kind which are the Herbicide tolerant plants and Bt crops. The Herbicide tolerant plants that is resistant to chemical know as
glyphosate which is the weed killer know as Round up. This Round up weed killer can be use on

How Does African Feather Grass Affect Our Environment
Introduction
African Feather grass (Pennisetum Macrourum / Cenchrus Macrourus) is common in the western Bay of Plenty, near Opotiki and Ohiwai. African
Feather grass is an invasive foreign invader. It is highly fertile and a very invasive pest. It isn't common in the central plateau of the North Island, but it
still can still be spotted. It invades native farmland which changes most habitats and spreads easily. This report will look at the questions that identifies
this pest's information that could help mitigate the effects of African Feather grass to stop their damage to our environment.
Solution
The most effective and recommended way to counter African Feather grass is with Haloxyfop 100, a herbicide used to target most grass weeds including
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The plant is then eaten by herbivores and omnivores such as hedgehogs, rabbits and sometimes mice, which in turn, are then eaten by native Moreporks
and feral cats and dogs. Then it finishes off with humans. There are also some extra animals that are on the following diagram.
Question 2: What negative and positive effects do this pest have on our environment?
As a fast seed producer, it ruins native animal's habitats and also invades plant communities; therefore, the plant species have a negative impact on
the environment. Also has the cause of building up sand and changes the habitats, and eventually grows on rocks. Because of African Feather grass,
there has been a loss dune lakes, wetlands and has a major impact on agriculture. On the plus side, it is also a fire hazard to rats and mice, which I
think is also another way to get rid of rats and mice. Overall, this pest mostly has a negative impact on the environment.
Question 3: What can I do to get rid of this plant?
Don't attempt to control it when a mature seed is present as this makes the bigger chance of the risk of the seeds being spread by clothing, animals and
so

Monsanto Glyphosate Resistant Soybean (40-3-2
Monsanto producer created a glyphosate–resistant soybean crop called GTS 40–3–2, commonly known as Roundup Ready soybeans. The crop is
produced by inserting a CP4 5–enolpyruvylshikimate–3–phosphate ( CP4 EPSPS) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a common soil bacteria. CP4
EPSPS facilitates the soybeans survivability by allowing the crop to become resistant to extreme temperatures, ensuring higher survival rates and
successful harvests. Initially, Monsanto used electroporation to achieve maximum cell viability and transient gene expression, however, the high
voltage required for the electroporation technique (400 V) caused instability in cell wall synthesis and cell division. Monsanto were then able to inject
the CP4 EPSPS gene into the cell wall of soybeans by using particle bombardment to penetrate through the cell wall with minimal damage and
produced stable progeny that expressed resistance to glyphosate. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This particular promoter is vital for the survival and success of the soybean, which is why it considered to be a dependable promoter not only for
soybeans, but for other genetically modified crops such as maize and beans. Monsanto used ОІ–glucuronidase (GUS) as a selectable marker, to be the
vehicle to transport the promoter and insert the CP4 EPSPS through transcriptional replacement (Jefferson, 1987). The GUS gene served as evidence of
transformation; the GUS enzyme converts 5–bromo–4–chloro–3–indolyl ОІ–D–glucuronide into a blue precipitate (Agricultural Group of Monsanto
Company, 1993). Soybeans that were not transgenic would not produce this blue color when exposed to the aforementioned substrate, indicating that
transformation did not take

Monsanto Vs Wto
Companies across the United States do business in other countries regularly and for various reasons. Some organizations move in to international
markets to take advantage of other countries strengths and resources which allows companies to expand and grow their business, revenue, and
international presence. The other reason that U.S. organizations move into international markets is to take advantage of the human resource talent,
innovation, and technologies. For instance, some U.S. companies have expanded into Asian markets to leverage the technological expertise of local
populations, which not only boosts business and capabilities, but also helps to expand their client base (Kokemuller, 2016).
Companies that move into international markets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The WTO is the only global international organization that deals with trade rules between nations and their goal is to help companies that produce
goods and services and export and import, to conduct business successfully (World Trade Organization, 2016). Because Indians are strict when
adhering to a policy or procedure and to deal with the vast amounts of bureaucracy the WTO would be the best organizations to help both
companies come to a business agreement. Indians will often take longer than usual to get the U.S. company a contract, certificate, or document
which can create a bottleneck (Hume, 2012). The bureaucrats holding up the progress expect a payoff for moving things along faster so having a
local player or someone who knows how to weave in and out of bureaucracy in India may make business dealings easier. Hume (2012), suggests
doing research beforehand to figure out who the right players are and be diligent. Other cultural nuisances when conducting business in India is
their perspective on time. Indians don't like to be ruled by a calendar or a clock so getting business done in a timely fashion is hard to accomplish.
One of the frustrations with doing business in India is that the politicians have a great deal of power. If a person in office is in the process of being
replaced and a company had business dealing with the previous person, business dealing will start over at square one with the new

Monsanto Satire
The use of Monsanto's tactical format for approaching farmers who misuse their seeds is one that I find a little concerning. Monsanto has a policy
that the farmers who purchase their seeds sign that they are not able to save their seeds or replant them for the next years crop. It is important for all
industries to protect their patented product, but I am not sure preventing the farmer's from using a product purchased in a previous year would damage
their patent. The farmer has already purchased the seed from the supplier, so the seed is technically the owned product of the farmer who completed
the purchase. If the farmer is not doing anything with the product that will manipulate how it is used or in a manner where the crop is produced,

Genetic Engineering : Myth And Truth The Second Edition By...
Introduction
There are many myths that surround the genetically modified (GM) crops and food. Are they just a mere myth or it is the truth that has been shunned
from public discussion? I believed that, there are some misconceptions and truths upholding the myths with the evidences from great studies conducted
by researchers all over the world. From the book GMO: Myth and Truth the second edition by Antoniou and his colleagues (2012), the arguments are
adapted to discuss the topic. In this article, the issues that would be discussed involves genetic engineering technique, health hazard of GM food,
impacts of GM crops on farms and environment, health hazard of Roundup Ready crops and also feeding the world. These are the main arguments ...
The steps of genetic modification are proving that genetic engineering is not an extension of natural breeding. Some people argue that, it is unnatural
for particular combinations of genes would occur in the environment and the way it is inserted into the host organism would never happen. For
instance, in Bt corn and other Bt type of crops, the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis is inserted into the genome of the crop making it contain the
insect virus.
The natural breeding is actually part of genetic engineering, it just that now they are considered as a sole technique separated from genetic engineering.
Here is an example, people from the past found that certain type of crops that are useful for them, therefore it can be argued that the crops that they
acquire do actually exist naturally. The farmers only become the medium for the breeding to take place. Nowadays, with technology the scientists are
just increasing the odds of those breeding to occur, it might not always happen in the natural environment but the chances are there. Basically, one can
argue that genetic engineering is a tool that enhancing natural breeding to occur.
Some have argued that the genes inserted to the organism might not go to the specific place where it should be, thus altering the organism in a
completely different way. There is an issue where the gene of the desired traits is not producing the expected traits or effects that would affect the plant
by causing mutation.

Monsanto's Argument Against Superweeds
The introduction of herbicides and their counterparts, herbicide–resistant crops, to industrial
agriculture led to a rise in "superweeds." Superweeds are weeds, which have grown resistant to
key ingredients in herbicides, such as glyphosate in Monsanto's Roundup. In an attempt to
overcome superweeds, Dow AgroSciences (DAS) is petitioning the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) for the nonregulated status of three 2,4–D herbicide–resistant crops.
Additionally, DAS submitted a complementary 2,4–D herbicide new–use application for each of
the aforementioned herbicide–resistant crops, to be reviewed by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). In January 2014, APHIS released a draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS),... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Modern biotechnology has resulted in genetically engineered crops, whose DNA has been
manipulated to "overcome the natural limitations...of traditional breeding."ii In the agricultural
industry, crops such as Monsanto's Roundup Ready Soybean, are genetically modified to survive
massive herbicide applications. Although the crops may initially provide a weed management
solution for industrial agriculture, the overuse of non–selective herbicides (which target a variety
of weeds as compared to selective herbicides), such as glyphosate and 2,4–D, leads to

superweeds through natural selection. In natural selection, the biologically resistant

Monsanto, Agent Of Change
Sabrina Ariss
Professor Dreiling
English 101
November 17, 2015
Monsanto, Agent of Change. Things have been changing quickly in our world. GMOs have developed at an alarming pace, and are now being
credited with being able to save millions from starvation. Seeds can be patented, when only a few years ago there were only public seed. The atomic
bomb has been created and improved, and has the potency to wipe out all the life on our delicate planet. All these inventions and more can be
attributed, in some way or another, to a chemical company called Monsanto. The Monsanto Company is an institution whose impact in the areas of
chemicals and food has become a massive game–changer, but is also causing potentially dangerous side effects and consequences. The Monsanto
Company was originally a strictly chemical company. John Queeny founded the company, using his wife's maiden name, "Monsanto". In 1940 the
company created its first highly controversial chemical – Agent Orange – and the company's popularity exploded. (Mahtani) Agent Orange is an
herbicide that Monsanto created and it was first used in the Vietnam War. US airplanes, helicopters, boats, trucks, and manual sprayers poured this
toxic chemical into the opponent's forests and jungles, causing the leaves and plants to wither away and no longer hide guerilla fighters. The US
Military also sprayed enemy fields, lowering their food supply, and any area that might provide cover for enemy fighters. Robert D. Engelken, in the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Gm Soybeans
GM Soybeans
Soybeans are beans which are from the legume family which are native to East Asia. They can grow on a variety of soils and wide range of
climates, ranging from snowy to tropical climates (Rob). Soybeans are used to make food such as tofu and soymilk, although it is most often
processed into oil, which can be used for cooking, or sold for biodiesel production. The left–over which are not used for oil can be used for animal food
due to the high–protein fiber which is in the left over. The GM Soybean, also called Roundup Ready (RR) Soybean, was developed by the biotech
company Monsanto and was commercially available to farmers in 1996 (Editor, 2008). This GM soybean contains a gene that makes it resistant to
herbicides which would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, superweeds are created, which are resistant to that specific herbicide. To then kill the superweeds, a different kind of herbicide has to be
used, which additionally harms the environment. Due to this, many amounts of herbicides have to be used. In addition to the GM superweed
being bad for the environment, it is also bad for the economy as poor farmers can't afford the GM soybeans. Without the GM soybean, the
conventional soybeans do not possess the genes which make them resist herbicides and harsher weather. This will result in a smaller amount of
soybeans to sell, which will then make the farmers without the rights to use GM soybeans have less income. As a result, the farmers without the
GM soybean are unable to make the soybeans cheaper as they would then not make any profit. Although the GM soybean is mainly bad for the
economy, it is also good as some farmers profit from this. The GM seeds allow the farmers to have more harvest as fewer soybeans will die due to
weather, other plants or insects. As a result, these farmers will be able to sell the soybeans at a cheaper price, making more profit, as there is a greater
quantity of

The Issue Of Gm Seeds Cost Essay
There are about 795 million people suffering from hunger in the world, from whom 21,000 die on a daily basis [1]. Although humanity is
currently distant from eradicating this lash in every corner of the planet, several solutions are currently being evaluated to guarantee food
security. GM crops are hailed by some supporters as the definite solution because of their greater nutritional value and higher yields with respect to
traditional ones, while others consider them to be detrimental to the environment and pose health risks. Due to this lack of consensus, GM crops
widespread proliferation has been currently hindered either by governmental legislations or people's fears. In order to bring some clarification to
the former discrepancy, a critical analysis, presenting both points of view, has been carried out, concluding with my personal evaluation. Despite
the fact that GM seeds cost is twice as much as conventional ones, many biotech companies are creating transfer programs for farmers in regions
like Africa. At reduced prices or even giving up these seed for free, companies like Monsanto [2] is willing to share this new technology to show
that higher initial expenses are not only recovered because farmers obtain higher profits overall after harvesting their crops but also because field
work is significantly reduced. On average, a regular crop requires between six to eight visits [3], but GM ones are properly cared with approximately
two or three visits. This means less

Efficacy Of Monsanto 's Ethical Culture
Case study Analysis
Question 1
Efficacy of Monsanto's Ethical Culture
Ethical issues remain relevant aspects for businesses operation and competitiveness. The elements aforesaid ensure that every firm has what it takes to
connect well with the community to provide consistent market and productive relationship with other stakeholders. Monsanto Company that was in a
tussle with the community over the production of the genetically modified products that seemed detrimental to the society responded by creating
awareness to the people about the need for sustainable farming practices (Carroll, 2015). The company notified farmers that the world population was
increasingly going up thus a need for sustainable agricultural practices. The company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The capability to withstand water shortages and the havoc caused by the harvest passes makes the plants to mature early with its productivity level
being high. Regions suffering from food shortages can only undergo starvation for short period before it can start to enjoy the food. On the other hand,
the abovementioned advantages make farmers engage in profitable farming business with the low level of costs of farm inputs and high outputs. This
aspect benefits not only the farmers but also the population that stands to enjoy a large variety of food stuff at their disposal.
However, the use of the GM seeds for food production can quickly render a harmful impact to the user. Lee & Burrell (2002) stated, "Intense concerns
about the uncertain health and environmental of GM farming have been the subject of high profile debate. The effects of GM farming on existing
forms of agriculture, raised by the prospect of cross–pollination by GM seed, provoke similarly polarized views" It is common that genetic engineering
process often takes place by joining different genes of plants together to come up with a whole species of the plant. Unfortunately, this process can
easily result in coming up with plants with genes that are harmful to the consumers. Most of the genetically modified food staffs can

Herbicide Roundup Research Paper
How Long Does it Take Roundup to Work?
Weeds – the cause of misery and a curse to gardeners everywhere, and the sooner they are gone the better. Fortunately, the herbicide Roundup takes on
their robust and bothersome growth and quickly decimates their population, which allows more time for outdoor enjoyment than warring with weeds.
Wherever you have unwanted growth, Roundup makes a product to tackle the crisis and with most, visible results are obvious in just a few hours after
applying.
Roundup's Family of Products
Monsanto created and distributed the original Roundup back in 1974, which was an herbicide with glyphosate as its main ingredients. Even today when
one mentions Roundup you are more than likely picturing the original weed–killer, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before using, always read and familiarize yourself with the specific Roundup's instructions on the label. In addition, always wear protective clothing
like a long sleeved shirt and goggles to keep the herbicide off your skin and out of your eyes. Always wash your hands immediately after using and
wash your clothes. Always allow the product to completely dry before permitting children or pets into the treated area.
For the best results, always apply any Roundup product on a windless and sunny day when temperatures are above 60 degrees Fahrenheit and no rain
is in the forecast. If you accidentally spray a plant, quickly rinse the herbicide off with water. To keep the environment safe, don't apply any herbicide
close to a body of water, storm drain, and ditch or gutter where runoff occurs.
If using a tank sprayer to apply any Roundup herbicides, make sure to use one made out of fiberglass, plastic, stainless steel or plastic–lined steel, and
don't use a sprayer made out of unlined or galvanized steel. Always follow each herbicide's mixing instructions on amounts and application instructions
so you don't injure desirable plants. In addition, testing the spray pattern on a concrete driveway before heading into the garden assures you have the
correct nozzle adjustment and you don't end up spraying non–targeted plants.
Quick Work of Weedy

Monsanto's Soy And Corn 2 (4 D)
Monsanto is a powerful corporation with the same greedy carelessly destructive agenda as the big oil and pharmaceutical companies. They were the
company behind the notorious Agent Orange, a chemical used during the Vietnam war, responsible for killing and disfiguring millions of Vietnamese
people. Part of the chemical make up of Agent Orange, otherwise known as 2,4–D has reemerged in their products with the help of Monsanto's partner
company, Dow Chemical. Monsanto, most well known for their Round Up Ready products, which are seeds that grow their own herbicides, allows
farmers to spray round up on their weeds without damaging their crops. However, over the years, farmers have discovered that their weeds have grown
resistant to Round Up, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The toxicity of 2,4–D is more potent than Round Up, which has been linked to non–Hodgkin's lymphoma, liver disease, Parkinson's disease, and
lowered sperm count. Studies have also revealed that the chemical has adverse effects on reproductive, hormonal, immune, and neurological systems.
The company also creates seeds that can't reproduce, forcing farmers who purchase their seeds to continually buy from Monsanto year after year.
Farmers who discover a way to 'save seeds' by enabling their crops to reproduce are routinely sued by Monsanto for breach of contract. Farmers have
to sign a clause in their contracts that give Monsanto the right to sue them if they reproduce food from the previous years' crops.
Monsanto has dominated the seed market, controlling the price. For economic reasons, farmers have no choice but to continue to buy Monsanto seeds
because if they don't, they will be forced to pay extremely high prices for non–GMO seeds. Farmers are also dependent on Monsanto because the
company is influential in the subsidized food market as they have enabled farmers to save more money when buying Monsanto brand

Glyphosate And Roundoup Lab Report
Blepharisma Unaffected by Glyphosate; Killed by RoundUp
INTRODUCTION
Blepharisma (Blepharisma japonicum) is a protist found in fresh and saltwater. Runoff is a common problem in lake water, particularly RoundUp. The
active ingredient in RoundUp is glyphosate. Glyphosate works by blocking the synthesis of proteins in certain plants, subsequently killing them
(National Pesticide Prevention Center, 2010). Because of this finding, it was assumed that glyphosate would have a similar effect on microbes. The
purpose of this experiment was to observe the effect of different concentrations of glyphosate and RoundUp on blepharisma.
The goal was to examine the environment found in Wisconsin lakes and measure the effect that runoff has on microorganisms in nature. The
hypothesis of the experiment was that if glyphosate is added to the environment then blepharisma will move across the field diameter slower.
METHODS
Preparing Glyphosate and RoundUp Solutions
Solutions of glyphosate and RoundUp were prepared at several concentrations. The concentrations of glyphosate made were 1%, 25%, 50%. Glyphosate
solutions were created by adding concentrated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By determining how long it took one organism in the control condition (no glyphosate or RoundUp added to sample) to cross the field diameter and
dividing that time (in seconds) by the approximate field diameter (~4mm), the control speed was determined to be approximately 1.97 mm/s (4mm/7.89
s).
Testing the Effect of Glyphosate and RoundUp on Blepharisma
To test the effect of glyphosate and RoundUp on Blepharisma, two drops of one solution from a transfer pipet, at a single solution at one
concentration, were added to the sample on the glass slide. The dependent variable was organism speed, so the effect was measured in terms of the
change in speed of blepharisma as the moved across the field diameter.

Who Is Monsanto Unethical
The seed police at Monsanto's are in place to going after growers who reuse its seeds' technology. The seed police are in place to protect the
investment of the company. Farmers have also criticized Monsanto for its aggressive efforts to identify unauthorized Roundup growers. In an attempt
to crack down on seed piracy, Monsanto employs private investigators who conduct random farm audits and collect crop samples from the fields of
alleged violators (Cross, 2000). To solidify its case against Schmeiser, Monsanto investigators entered the farmer's fields without his consent and
collected crop samples without his permission. Monsanto's is no stranger to the legal system. Most of their legal troubles deal with bribery and patents.
Monsanto was

Monsanto
Monsanto a sustainable agriculture company.
Monsanto Company is a publicly traded American multinational agricultural corporation headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. Founded in 1901 by
John Francis, by the 1940s it was a major producer of plastics, including polystyrene and synthetic fibers. Monsanto has become the world leader in
genetically modified organisms. Present in 46 countries, leader in biotechnology produces 90% of GMOs grown worldwide (soybean, rapeseed, cotton,
corn, etc..) and became one of redemption by the first seed of the planet that could ultimately control the entire food chain. Notable achievements by
Monsanto and its scientists as a chemical company included breakthrough research on catalytic asymmetric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mosanto was condemend to the removal of entries judged false on all containers of this herbicide. Another creation by this company is aspartame.
Aspartame is an artificial, non–saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverage. Although its name sounds tame, this deadly
neurotoxin is anything but. This product is toxic and dangerous for humans. Aspartame is manufactured by Monsanto using genetically modified
bacteria. The company comercialized the product saying it is completely safe. It is wrong. Aspartame is actually poison and many organisation are
trying to make this product forbiden. It is not easy because of the financial importance of it. Again, Monsanto just thought about profit and don't care
about the effect of this product. Moreover, why cattle growth hormone develloped by the company are forbiden in Canada and in Europe because it is
considered as dangerous and unhealthy and very develloped in the United States? There is a lot of things wrong or doubtful around the Monsanto The
image that Monsanto wants to give is to be environmentally friendly, promising better returns while promoting sustainable agriculture. It even gives the
appearance of humanitarian organization focusing on world hunger. However, never a firm has been so controversial. It threatens food security but
also the ecological balance of our planet. It is one of the biggest polluters ever. Corruption seems to be an important part of the way

Essay on Successes and Failures in Biotechnology Innovation
Successes and Failures in Biotechnology Innovation
When I first started this paper I would have to admit that I was pretty green in the field of Biotechnology, I had a brief understanding but nothing near
an in depth understanding of the field. So when I first started looking for a success story, I tied my views on successful innovation in the areas that I am
familiar with to the biotech field. The major theme that emerged was that successful innovation equals a product that produces quality profits for a
company. After further research on the success of innovation, you do realize that profits may be the end goal of the company but success stems from a
total company wide effort, that may start many years before a single cent of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An innovation that can meet the needs of these three categories can be viewed as success in my opinion. Yes its true that there have been innovations
that have been viewed as a success even though they have meet one or more of these requirements but for the ultimate feeling of success I feel that
threes three categories have been meet in some way shape or form.
My success story starts with a company called Monsanto. They original started as a chemical company providing primarily chemical herbicides to
farm and household consumers for weed control but as of recent, nearing the expiration of the patent on their biggest cash cow "Roundup", they have
changed their scope a company focusing on innovation in biotechnology, genomics and breeding. (Monsanto, 2005) They saw that their herbicide was
still a leading seller in the industry and saw a way to improve on that product so they genetically engineered a soybean seed that would be resistant to
their herbicide Roundup creating Roundup–Ready Soy beans, the first genetically engineered crop to be commercially available. Farmers now had to
no longer apply herbicides before planting and on the borders of field they could spray the herbicides directly over the crops eliminating any weeds
from intermingling and taking away nutrients from their crops producing bigger yields. They

Benefits Of Superweeds
Breeding Unkillable Weeds
In the late nineties crop seeds were genetically modified to be protected from the herbicide glyphosate. These glyphosate resistant (GR) seeds
encouraged farmers to use glyphosate almost exclusively to kill weeds. Unfortunately, weeds adapted to live through being sprayed with glyphosate.
These weeds are referred to as "superweeds." These superweeds invade farmland and are extremely hard to kill. Currently American farmers have no
ways to control theses superweeds except to spray their fields with increasingly large amounts of glyphosate.
Superweeds are hard to get rid of and encroach on American farmland, forcing farmers to use heavy doses of poisonous glyphosate. Superweeds can
be found in over half of U.S. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their supposed "solution" is to create and use seeds immune to stronger chemicals such as 2, 4–D and Dicamba.(Bomgardner) This "solution" will
only make the issue worse; substituting in these deadlier chemicals is only a short term solution as scientists predict weeds will quickly adapt to them,
and 2, 4–D and Dicamba are extremely hazardous to humans. According to an article that is supporting this solution, dicamba is "considered only
mildly toxic to people, pollinators, wildlife, and aquatic organisms."(Par. 6, Barth) As in, the less poisonous solution is only mildly deadly to
people, animals, and plants. It is unacceptable that farmers will be using toxic chemicals on our food while breeding even stronger, more resilient
weeds to kill American crops. The underlying cause of superweeds is the genetic engineering of crops. When the biotechnic company Monsanto
introduced GR seeds to American farmers they started a whirlwind of events. As Bomgardner explains, "Farmers liked glyphosate because it vastly
simplified weed control."(Par. 3) Farmers like using GR seeds because they let entire fields of crops be sprayed with weed killer. This is a simple and
easy way to control weeds, but it led to the creation of superweeds. Superweeds persist because farmers have no other way to control weeds other
than using GR seeds and spraying their fields with glyphosate. There are other ways to kill weeds, such as manually ripping

Gm Crops : The Good And The Bad, Repercussions Of Their...
"GM crops: the good and the bad, repercussions of their dissemination on developing countries." There are about 795 million people suffering from
hunger in the world, from whom 21,000 die on a daily basis [1]. Although humanity is currently distant from eradicating this lash in every corner
of the planet, several solutions are currently being evaluated to guarantee food security. GM crops are hailed by some supporters as the definite
solution because of their greater nutritional value and higher yields with respect to traditional ones, while others consider them to be detrimental to
the environment and pose health risks. Due to this lack of consensus, GM crops widespread proliferation has been currently hindered either by
governmental legislations or people's fears. In order to bring some clarification to the former discrepancy, a critical analysis, presenting both points
of view, has been carried out, concluding with my personal evaluation. Despite the fact that GM seeds cost is twice as much as conventional ones,
many biotech companies are creating transfer programs for farmer in regions like Africa. At reduced prices or even giving up these seed for free,
companies like Monsanto [2] is willing to share this new technology to show that higher initial expenses are not only recovered because farmers
obtain higher profits overall after harvesting their crops but also because field work is significantly reduced. On average a regular crop requires
between six to eight visits

Monsanto's Roundup
Since the appearance of humans on Earth seven million years ago, humanity has always utilized newly discovered technology to improve life. From
primitive stone tools to the invention of the light bulb, to the creation of self–handling vehicles, humanity constantly works to enhance their existence.
The invention of the first genetically modified organism came in 1973, and has been utilized ever since to advance everything from food to medicine.
A genetically modified organism, also known as a GMO, is an organism whose DNA is combined with different DNA to give the organism desirable
qualities. Human consumption of GMOs has been debated for many years due to the potential health risks. However, food companies and corporate
giants such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Monsanto is an American agrochemical corporation which manufactures pesticides and GMO crops. One of the most well recognized herbicides
is Monsanto's Roundup, which contains the carcinogen glyphosate. To prevent from killing the crops when farmers apply Roundup to their fields,
Monsanto invented GMO versions of many staple crops such as corn, soybeans, and cotton which resist Roundup. Like the weeds, these GMO
crops still absorb glyphosate, however the crops are able to stay alive through changes in their genetic makeup which make them herbicide
resistant. The herbicide tolerance of certain crops has been adopted because it, "simplifies weed control to the use of a single herbicide and a
flexible and easy management strategy" (Labrada, 2003), as well as decreasing the cost of weed control programs. As a result, Monsanto bought out
most small farms and now owns 80% of the U.S. market share of corn and 93% of the U.S. market share of soy, which are then sold to modern food
processing. Upwards of 75% of the processed food on American supermarket shelves contain genetically engineered ingredients. Not only are
Americans consuming massive amounts of GMOs, which pose a huge health risk themselves, they are also consuming massive amounts of glyphosate,
a chemical known to cause cancer and birth defects (Kruger, 2014). If society stopped consuming carcinogens, the cancer epidemic will be

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