The document describes experiments characterizing a HepaRG cell line with MRP2 (an efflux transporter) knocked out using zinc finger nuclease technology. Western blot and immunostaining showed loss of MRP2 protein expression in knockout cells. Assays found control cells accumulated the fluorescent MRP2 substrate CDCF in bile canaliculi, while knockout cells did not, demonstrating functional loss of MRP2. The MRP2 knockout cell line allows investigation of MRP2-associated drug toxicity without its protective efflux.
Culture of Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cell Line SA7K Using Extracellula...mdmitc
MilliporeSigma's Toni Steiner recently presented a poster at the 2016 AAPS/ITC Transporter Workshop demonstrating how culture conditions can influence drug transporter expression and activity in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor κ B family are the paradigm for signaling dependent nuclear translocation and are ideally suited to analysis through image-based chemical genetic screening. The authors describe combining high-content image analysis with a compound screen to identify compounds affecting either nuclear import or export. Validation in silico and in vitro determined an EC50 for the nuclear export blocker leptomycin B of 2.4 ng/mL (4.4 nM). The method demonstrated high selectivity (Z′ >0.95), speed, and robustness in a screen of a compound collection. It identified the IκB protein kinase inhibitor BAY 11 7082 as an import inhibitor, the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor PD98509 as an import enhancer, and phorbol ester as an export inhibitor. The results establish a robust method for identifying compounds regulating nucleocy- toplasmic import or export and also implicate MAP kinases in nuclear import of nuclear factor κ B
Canvax™ offers a wide range of high quality Human Recombinant Proteins for several research applications like ELISA, Western Blot, Antibody Production or Protein array.
This PPT has described how to produce soluble anf high amount of recombinant protein in E.coli host. This PPT has mentioned different expression vectors, different E.coli Expression host strain and other strategies for getting high expression of desired gene.
Culture of Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cell Line SA7K Using Extracellula...mdmitc
MilliporeSigma's Toni Steiner recently presented a poster at the 2016 AAPS/ITC Transporter Workshop demonstrating how culture conditions can influence drug transporter expression and activity in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Transcription factors of the nuclear factor κ B family are the paradigm for signaling dependent nuclear translocation and are ideally suited to analysis through image-based chemical genetic screening. The authors describe combining high-content image analysis with a compound screen to identify compounds affecting either nuclear import or export. Validation in silico and in vitro determined an EC50 for the nuclear export blocker leptomycin B of 2.4 ng/mL (4.4 nM). The method demonstrated high selectivity (Z′ >0.95), speed, and robustness in a screen of a compound collection. It identified the IκB protein kinase inhibitor BAY 11 7082 as an import inhibitor, the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor PD98509 as an import enhancer, and phorbol ester as an export inhibitor. The results establish a robust method for identifying compounds regulating nucleocy- toplasmic import or export and also implicate MAP kinases in nuclear import of nuclear factor κ B
Canvax™ offers a wide range of high quality Human Recombinant Proteins for several research applications like ELISA, Western Blot, Antibody Production or Protein array.
This PPT has described how to produce soluble anf high amount of recombinant protein in E.coli host. This PPT has mentioned different expression vectors, different E.coli Expression host strain and other strategies for getting high expression of desired gene.
this is a presentation on gene expression vector that includes what is expression vector, how many types of expression vector and difference between cloning and expression vector
pOnebyOne™ are efficient, accurate and flexible Bicistronic Mammalian Expression Kits that contains an Expression Cassette based in 2A sequence breakthrough technology.
Its novel (patent pending) technology allows simultaneous Expression of two Proteins from the same mRNA. Cells transfected with Bicistronic vectors ensure that if one of the Proteins is present, the other one is also present.
Bicistronic Expression vectors are supported on viral elements: the IRES or 2A sequence. IRES has been widely used. It is a relative short sequence, around 600-700 bp, although this length could be a disadvantage in viral vectors where packaging capacity is limited. IRES based Expression vectors are characterized by a non-stoichiometric production of both proteins; generally there is a lower expression of the downstream gene.
Many 2A sequences from several families of viruses have been described for producing multiple polypeptides. 2A mediated cleavage is a universal phenomenon in all eukaryotic cells. With just 20 bp in length, the 2A sequence has been used succesfully to generate multiple proteins in some biological models: plants, zebrafish, transgenic mice or eukaryotic cell lines. Vectors based on 2A produce stoichiometric proportion of both proteins.
Canvax™ offers a ready-to-clone solution of your Gene of Interest, obtained by PCR, onto a wide collection of Bicistronic vectors based on 2A sequence. You can choose among different Promoters, selection Antibiotics or Reporter Genes.
Purification of G-Protein Coupled Receptor from Membrane Cell of Local Strain...iosrjce
The aim of this study to purify GPCR from a local strain of S. cerevisiae using gel filtration
chromatography techniques , by packing materials for columns which will be chosen of low cost comparing to
the already used in published researches, which depend on the costly affinity chromatography and other
expensive methods of purification. Local strain of S. cerevisiae chosen for extraction and purification of Gprotein
coupled receptor (GPCR) .The strains were obtained from biology department in Al- Mosul University,
Iraq. The isolated colony was activated on Yeast Extract Pepton Dextrose Broth (YEPDB) and incubated at 30
C˚ for 24 h .Loop fully of the yeast culture was transferred to (10ml) of yeast extract peptone glucose agar
(YEPGA) slant , then incubated at 30C˚for 24h , after that it was stored at 4C˚ ,the yeast cultures were
reactivated and persevered after each two weeks period. S.cerevisiae was identified by morphological,
microscopic characterization and biochemical test . The GPCR that extract from membrane of S.cerevisiae was
purified by gel filtration chromatography in two steps using Sepharose 6B. The optical density for each fraction
was measured at 280 nm by UV-VS spectrophotometer then the GPCR concentration was determined by using
ELISA Kit . The fractions which gave the highest absorbance and concentration of GPCR were collected .The
molecular weight of GPCR was determined by gel filtration chromatography using blue dextrin solution.
Standard curve was plotted between log of molecular weight for standard protein and the ratio of Ve/Vo of
GPCR . The purity of the GPCR that extracted and purified from whole cell of S, cerevisiae were carried out by
using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis In the first step 5ml of crude extract was applied on sepharose 6B column
(1.6x 96 cm) which previously equilibrated with 50 mM phosphate buffer saline pH= 7.4 . Multiple proteins
peaks appeared after elution with elution buffer (PBS PH= 7.4 containing 0. 5 % DDM). One peak only give
positive result with GPCR assay, fractions representing GPCR were collected , pooled and concentrated by
sucrose. In the second step five active fractions from the previous step were collected and applied once again on
the same column and same conditions. This step gave a single peak that was identical with the peak of GPCR
concentration ,maximum concentration of GPCR that observed in the fractions (34-38) was 18.541 (ng/ml) . The
specific activity for these fractions was 261.14 (ng/mg) protein with yield of 47.717%. The present study a chive
a relatively high purification of GPCR from membrane fraction of a local strain S. cerevisiae with fold
purification 5.094 and a yield of 47.717%. and molecular weight about~55KD.
Protein expression and purification services from creative biomartAnne Ehlert
Creative BioMart is committed to providing advanced tools for protein expression and purification. As a leading supplier for reagents in the biotechnology field, we understand the importance of convenient and easy-to-use systems for high level expression and sample purification. We invite you to review our growing range of expression systems resulting from our experience in cloning, overexpression and purification.
Stable infected HEK293 OATP Cells for Transporter Analysis. A model system for the assay of drug uptake.
The knowledge of drug affinity and drug-drug interaction (DDI) and the role of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and other transporter proteins like P-glycoprotein (MDR1, P-gp, ABCB1) is a basic requirement in drug development and is also recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
OATPs of the SLCO (former SLC21) superfamily are of fundamental importance in the transport of drugs across cell membranes, e.g. in intestine, liver, kidney, brain, skeleton muscle and placenta.
Hepatic OATPs (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1) but also the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) are expressed at the sinusoidal membrane of human hepatocytes and transport several compounds into hepatocytes for biotransformation. In intestine, absorption of several compounds is mediated by e.g. OATP2B1 and the bile acid transporter ASBT (apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter) which both are expressed at the brush border membrane.
PRIMACYT utilizes well characterized stable transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) expressing different transporter proteins to study uptake of drugs and chemicals in vitro.
DNA damage repair Neil3 gene Knockout in MOLT-4iosrjce
RNAi is superannuated cellular mechanism that protect organism against viruses that replicate
through double- stranded RNA. RNAi can be used to diminish gene expression from plasmid expressing and
inserted sequence repeat. A stable harpin would be expressed after the vector was integrated into the genome.
In this paper a shiRNA expressing vector for Neil3 was designed and developed which is capable of replication
in MOLT-4. This shiRNA vector had the ability to arose the RNAi pathway, and reduce the gene expression of
Neil3. This was assessed by using pSilence 4.1CMV as a vector, and Gapdh as positive control.
Recombinant yeast technology at the cutting edge robust tools for both design...NavPrabh Sandhu Johal
Recombinant DNA technology is major DNA-based tool that has gained popular attention in the past decade. Significant advances in the development of new strains and vectors, improved techniques, and the commercial availability of these tools coupled with a better understanding of the biology of yeast species have led the recombinant yeast technology a robust tool for both designed catalysts and new biologicals. Yeast combines molecular genetic manipulations and growth characteristics of prokaryotic organisms together with the sub-cellular machinery for performing post-translational protein modifications (O and N- linked glycosylation, disulphide bond formation) and secretion of protein (Intracellularly or extracellularly). A large number of yeast hosts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces lactis, Yarrowia lipolytica, etc) are available for heterologous protein expression. The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia species is the most highly developed one among a small group of alternative yeast species chosen for their perceived advantages over S. cerevisiae as a expression host for the generation of recombinant protein of commercial interest. Advantages of the system include the AOX1 promoter (alcohol oxidase) and other alternate promoters (GAP, FLD1, PEX8, and YPT1), with transcription characteristics that are useful for regulating heterologous protein expression.
Auxotrophic mutants (MutS and Mut+) and a new set of biosynthetic markers such as ADE1, ARG4 and URA 3 have been used successfully for better selection of transformed host. Protease deficient hosts and site specific integration of expression vectors into Pichia genome result into high expression of gene of interest. Additional features that are present in certain P. pastoris expression vectors serve as tools for specialized functions. The availability of the expression system as a commercially available kit (Invitrogen) extends the usefulness of system. Several different secretion signal sequences including the native secretion signal or secretion signal sequences from S. cerevisiae such as µ factor prepro peptide causes the protein to be secreted into the growth medium, which greatly facilitates subsequent protein purification. The P. pastoris expression platform is now well developed, as proven by multiple products used in human and veterinary medicine and in industry. A better understanding of secretion signals, glycosylation, and endogenous yeast proteases would be extremely helpful in developing and improving the yeast heterologous expression system.
this is a presentation on gene expression vector that includes what is expression vector, how many types of expression vector and difference between cloning and expression vector
pOnebyOne™ are efficient, accurate and flexible Bicistronic Mammalian Expression Kits that contains an Expression Cassette based in 2A sequence breakthrough technology.
Its novel (patent pending) technology allows simultaneous Expression of two Proteins from the same mRNA. Cells transfected with Bicistronic vectors ensure that if one of the Proteins is present, the other one is also present.
Bicistronic Expression vectors are supported on viral elements: the IRES or 2A sequence. IRES has been widely used. It is a relative short sequence, around 600-700 bp, although this length could be a disadvantage in viral vectors where packaging capacity is limited. IRES based Expression vectors are characterized by a non-stoichiometric production of both proteins; generally there is a lower expression of the downstream gene.
Many 2A sequences from several families of viruses have been described for producing multiple polypeptides. 2A mediated cleavage is a universal phenomenon in all eukaryotic cells. With just 20 bp in length, the 2A sequence has been used succesfully to generate multiple proteins in some biological models: plants, zebrafish, transgenic mice or eukaryotic cell lines. Vectors based on 2A produce stoichiometric proportion of both proteins.
Canvax™ offers a ready-to-clone solution of your Gene of Interest, obtained by PCR, onto a wide collection of Bicistronic vectors based on 2A sequence. You can choose among different Promoters, selection Antibiotics or Reporter Genes.
Purification of G-Protein Coupled Receptor from Membrane Cell of Local Strain...iosrjce
The aim of this study to purify GPCR from a local strain of S. cerevisiae using gel filtration
chromatography techniques , by packing materials for columns which will be chosen of low cost comparing to
the already used in published researches, which depend on the costly affinity chromatography and other
expensive methods of purification. Local strain of S. cerevisiae chosen for extraction and purification of Gprotein
coupled receptor (GPCR) .The strains were obtained from biology department in Al- Mosul University,
Iraq. The isolated colony was activated on Yeast Extract Pepton Dextrose Broth (YEPDB) and incubated at 30
C˚ for 24 h .Loop fully of the yeast culture was transferred to (10ml) of yeast extract peptone glucose agar
(YEPGA) slant , then incubated at 30C˚for 24h , after that it was stored at 4C˚ ,the yeast cultures were
reactivated and persevered after each two weeks period. S.cerevisiae was identified by morphological,
microscopic characterization and biochemical test . The GPCR that extract from membrane of S.cerevisiae was
purified by gel filtration chromatography in two steps using Sepharose 6B. The optical density for each fraction
was measured at 280 nm by UV-VS spectrophotometer then the GPCR concentration was determined by using
ELISA Kit . The fractions which gave the highest absorbance and concentration of GPCR were collected .The
molecular weight of GPCR was determined by gel filtration chromatography using blue dextrin solution.
Standard curve was plotted between log of molecular weight for standard protein and the ratio of Ve/Vo of
GPCR . The purity of the GPCR that extracted and purified from whole cell of S, cerevisiae were carried out by
using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis In the first step 5ml of crude extract was applied on sepharose 6B column
(1.6x 96 cm) which previously equilibrated with 50 mM phosphate buffer saline pH= 7.4 . Multiple proteins
peaks appeared after elution with elution buffer (PBS PH= 7.4 containing 0. 5 % DDM). One peak only give
positive result with GPCR assay, fractions representing GPCR were collected , pooled and concentrated by
sucrose. In the second step five active fractions from the previous step were collected and applied once again on
the same column and same conditions. This step gave a single peak that was identical with the peak of GPCR
concentration ,maximum concentration of GPCR that observed in the fractions (34-38) was 18.541 (ng/ml) . The
specific activity for these fractions was 261.14 (ng/mg) protein with yield of 47.717%. The present study a chive
a relatively high purification of GPCR from membrane fraction of a local strain S. cerevisiae with fold
purification 5.094 and a yield of 47.717%. and molecular weight about~55KD.
Protein expression and purification services from creative biomartAnne Ehlert
Creative BioMart is committed to providing advanced tools for protein expression and purification. As a leading supplier for reagents in the biotechnology field, we understand the importance of convenient and easy-to-use systems for high level expression and sample purification. We invite you to review our growing range of expression systems resulting from our experience in cloning, overexpression and purification.
Stable infected HEK293 OATP Cells for Transporter Analysis. A model system for the assay of drug uptake.
The knowledge of drug affinity and drug-drug interaction (DDI) and the role of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and other transporter proteins like P-glycoprotein (MDR1, P-gp, ABCB1) is a basic requirement in drug development and is also recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
OATPs of the SLCO (former SLC21) superfamily are of fundamental importance in the transport of drugs across cell membranes, e.g. in intestine, liver, kidney, brain, skeleton muscle and placenta.
Hepatic OATPs (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1) but also the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) are expressed at the sinusoidal membrane of human hepatocytes and transport several compounds into hepatocytes for biotransformation. In intestine, absorption of several compounds is mediated by e.g. OATP2B1 and the bile acid transporter ASBT (apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter) which both are expressed at the brush border membrane.
PRIMACYT utilizes well characterized stable transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) expressing different transporter proteins to study uptake of drugs and chemicals in vitro.
DNA damage repair Neil3 gene Knockout in MOLT-4iosrjce
RNAi is superannuated cellular mechanism that protect organism against viruses that replicate
through double- stranded RNA. RNAi can be used to diminish gene expression from plasmid expressing and
inserted sequence repeat. A stable harpin would be expressed after the vector was integrated into the genome.
In this paper a shiRNA expressing vector for Neil3 was designed and developed which is capable of replication
in MOLT-4. This shiRNA vector had the ability to arose the RNAi pathway, and reduce the gene expression of
Neil3. This was assessed by using pSilence 4.1CMV as a vector, and Gapdh as positive control.
Recombinant yeast technology at the cutting edge robust tools for both design...NavPrabh Sandhu Johal
Recombinant DNA technology is major DNA-based tool that has gained popular attention in the past decade. Significant advances in the development of new strains and vectors, improved techniques, and the commercial availability of these tools coupled with a better understanding of the biology of yeast species have led the recombinant yeast technology a robust tool for both designed catalysts and new biologicals. Yeast combines molecular genetic manipulations and growth characteristics of prokaryotic organisms together with the sub-cellular machinery for performing post-translational protein modifications (O and N- linked glycosylation, disulphide bond formation) and secretion of protein (Intracellularly or extracellularly). A large number of yeast hosts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces lactis, Yarrowia lipolytica, etc) are available for heterologous protein expression. The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia species is the most highly developed one among a small group of alternative yeast species chosen for their perceived advantages over S. cerevisiae as a expression host for the generation of recombinant protein of commercial interest. Advantages of the system include the AOX1 promoter (alcohol oxidase) and other alternate promoters (GAP, FLD1, PEX8, and YPT1), with transcription characteristics that are useful for regulating heterologous protein expression.
Auxotrophic mutants (MutS and Mut+) and a new set of biosynthetic markers such as ADE1, ARG4 and URA 3 have been used successfully for better selection of transformed host. Protease deficient hosts and site specific integration of expression vectors into Pichia genome result into high expression of gene of interest. Additional features that are present in certain P. pastoris expression vectors serve as tools for specialized functions. The availability of the expression system as a commercially available kit (Invitrogen) extends the usefulness of system. Several different secretion signal sequences including the native secretion signal or secretion signal sequences from S. cerevisiae such as µ factor prepro peptide causes the protein to be secreted into the growth medium, which greatly facilitates subsequent protein purification. The P. pastoris expression platform is now well developed, as proven by multiple products used in human and veterinary medicine and in industry. A better understanding of secretion signals, glycosylation, and endogenous yeast proteases would be extremely helpful in developing and improving the yeast heterologous expression system.
Helitech - Leonardo Helicopters Division: Through-Life approach to the customerLeonardo
During Helitech 2016 Leonardo Helicopters Division presented the through-life approach to the customer: an overview of how Leonardo Helicopters is helping Customers master their helicopter operations
Extending HBSS Information Assurance with Tripwire EnterpriseTripwire
The types of cybersecurity threats DOD face and the policies required to govern information assurance have dramatically changed since the HBSS contract was awarded in 2006. By combining best-of-breed file integrity monitoring with comprehensive security configuration control, Tripwire extends HBSS boundary protection to critical data protection. Join Tripwire for a 30 minute webcast to learn how Tripwire Enterprise adds significant value to HBSS!
Cyber trust: cornerstone of a digital worldLeonardo
During Cybertech 2016 Andrea Biraghi, Security & Information Systems Division Managing Director, took part at the panel "Leader's Vision in the Cyber Era" presenting Leonardo's view on the cyber business
Helitech - Leonardo Helicopters Division: Technology for SafetyLeonardo
During Helitech 2016 Leonardo Helicopters Division held a presentation called "Technology for Safety" focused on:
- Ergonomics & Human Machine Interface;
- Dry Run Transmission Capabilities;
- Design to Performance;
- OGP standards compliance across different roles.
Fluorescence activated cell sorted assay for Gaucher's diseaseMayank Sagar
Gaucher disease results from mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GC) (D-glucosyl-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, and can be divided into three clinical types on the basis of the presence and severity of neurological involvement. Gaucher disease results from mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GC) (D-glucosyl-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, and can be divided into three clinical types on the basis of the presence and severity of neurological involvement.
In the case of type 1 Gaucher disease, deficient GC activity leads to an accumulation of the catabolic intermediate glucocerebroside, primarily in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial.
Cellular responses to ErbB-2 overexpression in human mammary luminal epitheli...RifathFarook
A review presentation of a paper published in British Journal of Cancer titled Cellular responses to ErbB-2 overexpression in human mammary luminal epithelial cells: comparison of mRNA and protein expression.
understanding of the human immune system, and thereby cancer immunology.
αβT-cells are the primary constituents of human cell-mediated adaptive immunity.
The antigen specificity of each αβT-cell is encoded in the 500-600 bp transcript
encompassing the variable portion of the rearranged TCRα and TCRβ subunits,
which can be read via NGS in a process termed repertoire sequencing. Until now,
the main challenge the field faces is the lack of a technology that can provide a
contiguous read of 600 bp to minimize the complexity of designing bias-prone
primers and informatics challenges of stitching short reads. Here we leverage the
long read capability of Ion 530™ chip to comprehensively sequence all three CDR
domains of the TCRβ chain. The Ion 530™ chip offers greater than 15 M productive
reads, allowing a multiplex of 2-4 samples with sufficient coverage for most repertoire
profiling studies. Initial testing with leukocyte total RNA demonstrates that this
multiplex PCR assay produced repertoires that were much more similar to data
derived from 5’-RACE protocol than the commonly used BIOMED-2 primer set. This
result suggested that the use of long reads minimizes bias by allowing targeting of
less variable regions. To further assess the performance of the assay, we designed a
model system of 30 plasmid controls containing common human T-cell CDR3
sequences. Each plasmid was amplified individually and sequenced to confirm the
detection of a single clonal population. Analytical sensitivity of the assay and
accuracy of the accompanied analysis solution were further evaluated by spiking in
plasmid concentrations from 10 pg to 0.0001 pg (5 million to 50 copies) in a
background of 100 ng cDNA reverse transcribed from leukocyte total RNA. Results
showed the assay offers linearity over 5 orders of magnitude of decreasing input
concentration. In summary, we have demonstrated a NGS workflow for TCRβ
sequencing that offers multiplex flexibility on Ion S5 with sample to answer in less
than 48 hours.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
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