The document provides tips and guidance for improving English skills. It recommends setting goals, learning from mistakes, teaching others, focusing on phrases not single words, and speaking English daily. The document also outlines basic skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. It discusses grammar concepts such as clauses, subjects, objects, verbs and phrases. Specific techniques are suggested for listening, speaking, reading, writing and grammar study.

1. General English
Eddy Tungadi

2. Common Tips
• Set goals, set target (SS)
• Start now, use time wisely (SU)
• Make mistakes, note them (MN)
• Teach studied material, use surrounding object (TU)
• Be familiar with English, balance text and sound (BB)
-> consume daily media (TV, magazine) in English
-> join English speaking meet up group
• Stop translate word by word, focus on phrases (SF)
• Speak more each day, deprioritize grammar (SD)

3. Big picture
Sounds Words
WritingSpeaking
Pronunciation
Communiate
Vocabulary GRAMMAR

4. Basic Skills
Sound Text
Passive Listening Reading
Active Speaking Writing

5. Basic Theory
Grammar Vocabulary

6. Listening
To know
• Differentiate sounds and
words (pronunciation)
• Recognize common
expression and intonation
To do
• Plan to listen
• Listen to songs or
conversations not in your
free time
(do it while you are in a
queue or doing sports)
• Listen and pause just ok

7. Speaking
To know
• Communicate idea
• No need to concern
grammar too much
To do
• Practice Speaking what you
see and hear (Reading and
Listening is NOT enough)
• Learn on phrases more
• Do it in front of mirror
• Do it with partners
(a conversation or talk / day)

8. Reading
To know
• Get the idea of a paragraph
To do
• Read news, article from apps
or magazine
• Note sentences with difficult
grammar or vocabulary
• Just read, try to scan and
skim rather than read word
by word

9. Writing
To know
• Express idea in a paragraph
To do
•Paraphrase: change
words and sentence
structure but same
meaning
•Understand the grammar
•Use synonyms

10. Grammar

11. Grammar
Setences
Simple Clause
Noun
Phrase
Verb
Phrase
Other Clause
Phrase Phrase Phrase
that
wh-
if

12. Subject
(Who/What)
Budi
My children
Travelling in
Singapore
All the girls
Budi, who has
that Mercy
Predicate
(what - do)
is
study
Usually takes
have cleaned
will leave
Object
(who/whom/what)
A clever
student
English
The trash
Adverbial
(where / when /
how)
better| with games
days
by hand
next year |
for good

13. Clause
Subject
• English clauses always have a
subject except imperative like
Look out!
• The first noun phrase is the
subject of the sentence
• If we have no other subject, we
use “there” or “it” as subject
(dummy subject)
Introducing Verb
• An intransitive verb (N+V)
John smiled
• A transitive ver (N+V+N)
She gave the old man some money
(gave&bring: double object verb)
• A link verb (N+V+Adj)
She looks happy
• A phrasal verb (N+V+particle+N)
She gave back the money
(two and three partup verbs)

14. Relative clause
• Do not repeat subject or object,
if the meaning has already clear
The house that we rented it in London
was fully furnished
• Leave connector out if the
meaning is clear
You shouldn’t believe everything that
you read in the newspaper
It was the year when we got married
• Noun phrase, time, and place
modifier
• Quantifiers and numbers
She has three brothers, two of whom
are in the army
• Using which to give more
information
We missed our train, which means we
may be late
Subject Object Possessive
Who Whom, who Whose
Which Which Whose
That That

15. Verbs pattern
Verb with ing - form
• Everybody like eating
Verb with to + infinitive
• They agreed to help

16. Clause in Speech
Direct
• I stayed at the Shangri-la
because it is the best hotel in town
• Do you know my name?
• Where do you come from?
• Don’t make so much noice
• I think you should turn the lights
out now
Indirect (pay attention on context)
• He said that he had stayed at
Shangri-la because it was the
best hotel in town
• He asked me if I know her name
• He asked where I comes from
• He told us not to make so much
noise
• She reminded me to turn the lights
out.

17. Short forms of Verb
As answer
• Yes, I can
• I hope not or I don’t think so
• Maybe not
• No, they won’t
• Yes it is, isn’t it? (Question tag)
• Neither do I (subjunctive)
As question
• How can I do that?
• Did he?
Just leave the word out
• Yes, I would like
• John can come but Jill can’t
• He open the door and went in

18. Phrases
• Noun Phrase (Noun or pronoun)
-> Those house | He
• Verb Phrase (Tenses and modals)
• Adverbial Phrase
-> As fast as possible
• Prepositional phare (preposition + noun phrase)
-> In a few days | With a 31 inch screen | To me
• Adjective Phrase
-> exciting film | bigger garden