This document provides an overview of basic English grammar patterns including parts of speech, sentence structure, questions, and more. It discusses topics such as articles, nouns, pronouns, verbs, questions, requests and commands over 14 pages. The key points covered are the basic components of sentences (subject, verb, object/complement), affirmative and negative statements, yes/no and wh- questions, tag questions, and the use of articles and possession.

2. Basic Grammatical Pattern
Articles
Agreement Nouns
Pronouns +
Possessives Relative Pronouns
Verb
Finites, Non - Finites
Adjective, Adverb and Comparison
2

3. Quantity Words
Words Order
Tenses
Active, Passive Voices
Basic Grammatical Pattern
Basic Grammatical Pattern ()
3

4. 1. Affirmative Statements
Subject + Verb + Complement / Object
1.1 Subject + Verb
Malee walks.
1.2 Subject + Verb + Complement
They are dogs.
1.3 Subject + Verb + Object
Varee plays a doll.
****
. Verb ‘to be’ complement
Subject Verb Complement
Manop
They
This
is
are
is
handsome
doctors
mine (mine = my pocket)
verb ‘ to be ‘ appear, become, feel, look, seem, smell, sound,
taste
Malee feels tired.
Virote looks happy.
They became rich.
become
Wilai became a doctor.
This car will become ours.
. verb ‘to be ‘ (object)
4

5. Wichai collects the
old things.
We saw them.
ค. คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค 2 คคค คคค คคคคคคค
(indirect object) คคคคคคคคคค (direct object) คคคคคค bring, get, give, hand,
leave, offer, pass, send, take, tell, read, write, teach, buy, sell, fix, make
คคคคคคค 2 คคคคคคคคคคคคค คคคคค Indirect Object + Direct Object
คคคคคคคคค
คคคคคคคค
Indirect Object Direct Object
I gave her the book.
Sura bought Umikao a ring
คคคคคคคคค Indirect Object คคคคคคค Direct Object คคคคค
คคคคคคคคคคคคค Direct Object + to / for + Indirect Object
คคคคคคคค
Direct Object To / For Indirect Object
I gave the book to her
Sura bought a ring for Umikao
Deliver, describe, explain, return, say Direct Object + to / for + Indirect
Object
The teacher explained the theory to us.
Anong described her house to me.
. there is, there are, there is / there are
There is a boy in this room.
There are many people there.
5

6. 2. Negative Statements
not 2
2.1 Simple present Simple past verb 'to be' not verb ‘to be’ is not ( isn’t) are not (
aren’t) was not ( wasn’t) were not ( weren’t) am not ()
She is
I was
They are
not
a student.
a student.
students.
will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, has, have, must not
She has not arrived yet.
I can’t come.
2.2 verb 'to do' Simple Present do, does Past Tense did not do not ( don’t) ,
does not ( doesn’t) , did not ( didn’t)
I
He
It
They
do not
does not
does not
did not
like hot drink
3. Affirmative questions
3.1 Simple Present Past Tense verb 'to be' verb ‘to be‘
: She is a student.
6

7. : Is she a student?
: She was a teacher.
: Was she a teacher?
will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, has, have, must
: He will be a doctor.
: Will he be a doctor?
: She can drive a bicycle.
: Can she drive a bicycle?
3.2 verb ‘ to do ‘ verb ‘ to do’ do , does did
:He drives a car.
:Does he drive a car?
:She used to be a nurse.
:Did she use to be a nurse?
Affirmative questions Yes / No
Is he a driver?
Yes, he’s a driver.
No, he isn’t a driver.
Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t
Can you drive a car?
Yes, I can drive a car.
No, I can’t drive a car.
Yes, I can.
No, I can’t
Does she drive a car?
Yes, she drives a car.
No, she doesn’t drive a car.
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t
7

8. 4. Negative questions
คคค คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค คคค
คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค + not คคคคคคคคคคคค isn’t, aren’t คคคค
คคคค ค คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค +
คคคคคค + not คคคคคคคคคคคค
คคคคคคคค
:She is not a student.
:Is she not a student?
:Isn’t she a student?
:He does not like coffee.
Does he not like coffee?
Doesn’t he like coffee?
(Responses) Yes / No
:Isn’t he a student?
:Yes.
:No.
5. Questions introduced by interrogatives
Interrogatives Wh-words Who, What, Which, Whose, Whom, When, Where, Why,
How
Interrogatives Interrogatives
5.1 Who, What, Which, Whose What, Which, Whose
Who What Which Whose
What
5.2 When, Where, Why How
When :
Where :
Why :
How :
8

9. How much, many, far, long
How much :
How many :
How far :
How long :
6. Questions attached to statements
Tag questions Tail questions
Tag questions
Statement Tag
Statements Tag
Anong is here,
He can’t swim very well,
It runs very slowly,
You will help us,
The news proved exciting,
isn’t she?
can he?
doesn’t it?
won’t you?
didn’t it?
** **
statements tag tag verb ‘to do’
tag questions
6.1 statement everybody, everyone, everything, somebody, someone,
something, nobody, no one, nothing, anybody, anyone, anything tag “ + they
?”
Anybody can go out, can’t they ?
9

10. No one is waiting inside, are they ?
6.2 statement seldom, rarely, never, scarcely, barely, hardly, little, few, only
tag “ + ? “
Manee scarely seems to care, does she ?
6.3 statement Les’s (=Let us) tag shall we? Let me / him / her tag will
you?
Let’s go to the zoo, shall we ?
6.4 statement (commands) please tag will you ?
Stop playing in class, will you ?
6.5 statement 2 clauses main clause () subordinate clause () tag main
clause
She said she wouldn’t reveal my secret, would she ?
6.6 statement ‘d better (=had better)’d rather (=would rather) ‘d go (=would
go) tag
You’d better tell the truth, hadn’t you ?
10

11. Responses to tag question tag
. statement Yes No
A : Suree is here, isn’t she ?
B : Yes, she is.
A : Suree is here, isn’t she ?
B : No, she isn’t
. statement No Yes
A : Suree isn’t here, is she ?
B : No, she isn’t
A : Suree isn’t here, is she ?
B : Yes, she is.
7. Requests and Commands
Requests
Commands
/
Come here. () Wait a minute.
Please sit down. () Thank you.
Close the door, please. () Sorry, I’m busy.
Hand in your paper, please. () I haven’t finished yet.
Let’s go now. All right.
** please Let’s
Do not + V1 Don’t + V1
DO NOT ENTER. =
11

12. KEEP OFF THE GRASS. =
LISTEN =
STOP =
LOOK
=
****
DON’T SMOKE
=
NO SMOKING
Articles
12

13. 1. a , an
1. “a” a man, a book, a potato, a dog etc. a university , a union, a European, a
useful book , a unity…..
2. “an” an egg, an ant, an apple, an umbrella, an enemy an hour, an heir, an
honest man….
3.
a an …..A Mr. Mana called on you this morning. Mr. Mana
4. คคค a, an คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค
We have lessons three times a week. 3
He earns $1000 a year.
Have a good time
2. the
1.
This is the book that I promised to lend you.
(,)
Once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage. ()
The cottage was in the country and the boy had lived there all his life. ()
2. “The only one” (,)
The sun,The moon, The Bible, The east, The west, The White House.
3. (, , , , , ,)
The Red Sea , The Pacific Ocean, The English Channel, The Alps ()
** Article Lake Como, Lake Superior
Article Mount Fujiyama
13

14. Agreement
Agreement () to be present He, She, It is / You, We, They are/ I
am
Agreement
To be To have To do Finite V1
is
has does V1(s es)
am
was had did V2 (ed)
are have do V1
were had did V2 (ed)
nouns pronouns
1.
Each, every, everyone, everybody, anyone,
anybody
=
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
neither (of)
people, police, cattle
news
Mathematics, Physics, politics
a lot of
a lot of
all
there is / was
there are / were
either…or
neither
=
=
=
=
= ( lots of)
=
=
+
+
= ….
=
14

15. 10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
() + ()
gerund (ing)
here / there
here / there
trousers, shoes, scissors
a pair of trousers / shoes
the United States
none
=
=
+ +
+ +
= ()
= ()
= ( The United kingdom The U.S.S.R)
+ ()
Nouns
(nouns) Somsak, Doi Sutep, Bangkok, table, freedom, goodness
3
1. 2
1.1 Proper nouns () Pichet, Rincome Hotel, China, Asia, Songkran Day
1.2 Common nouns () man, city, doctor
3
1.2.1 Concrete nouns () apple, candle, table, radio
1.2.2 Mass nouns () 3
(1) love, happiness
(2) meat, sugar, biology, swimming
(3) advice, research, luggage, information, equipment, behavior,
scenery, commerce, money
1.2.3 collective nouns () family, team, crowd, group
2. (compound nouns) 2
2.1 Noun + Noun bushman () caveman () engineerroom ()
2.2 Adjective + Noun bluebottle ()
2.3 Verb + Noun sailfish () pickpocket ()
2.4 Gerund + Noun floating market () sleeping car ()
2.5 Noun + Gerund cloud-kissing () board meeting ()
2.6 Preposition + Noun downstream () by-election ()
15

16. 2.7 Verb + Preposition breakthrough () catchup ()
2.8 Noun + Preposition phrase son - in - law () daughter-in-law ()
3. 2
3.1 Countable nouns () city, table, cars
3.2 Uncountable nouns ()
(1) Oxygen, carbon dioxide
(2) water, ink ,oil
(3) dust, rice, sand
(4) geology, biology, economics
(5) sunshine, darkness
(6) damage, love ,freedom
(abstract nouns) (mass nouns)
2
1. -
1.1 s book - books, pen - pens, car - cars
1.2 es s, x, z, ch, sh bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes
1.3 y 2
. y y i es company-companies , city-cities, lady-ladies
. y a, e, i, o, u y s day-days, key-keys, way-ways
1.4 o
. o es potato-potatoes, mango-mangoes,
s
piano-pianos, dynamo-dynamos, memo-memos, kilo-kilos, photo-photos
. o s radio-radios, studio-studios, zoo-zoos, cuckoo-cuckoos, bamboo-
bamboos, kangaroo-kangaroos
1.5 f fe v es half-halves, wife-wives,
life-lives, calf-calves
16

17. s f fe safe-safes,
proof-proofs, chief-chiefs, brief-briefs
1.6 goose-geese, tooth-teeth,
foot-feet, man-men, woman-women, child-children, mouse-mice, ox-oxen
1.7 deer-deer, sheep-sheep,
species-species, series-series, trout-trout, means-means
1.8 s news, statistics, mathematics, politics, mumps (), ethics, economics, physics
1.9 glasses () , tweezers () ,tidings() shorts (), scissors(), saving(), arms(), whiskers
()
1.10 crisis-crises () criterion-criteria (), parenthesis-parentheses ()
medium-media (), datum-data () stimulus-stimuli (),
analysis-analyses ()
2.
2.1
s Sunee's car, our nations's flag, Nipon's books.
2.2
s es ' ladies' coats, girls' bicycles, soldiers' guns s es 's children's parents,
women's dresses, men's jeans
2.3
's son-in-law's, books, daughter-in-law's house
2.4
1 Sunee and Nipon's car, Pim and Cha's motorcycle
2.5
's Pim's and Cha's motorcycles, Sunee's and Nipon's car
Pronouns + Possessives
Subjective Pronoun
Objective Pronoun
Possessive Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
17

18. Emphatic Pronoun ,
Subject Object Poss.Adj Poss.Pro Reflex
1 I Me My Mine Myself
2 You You Your Yours Yourself
3 He Him His His Himself
3 She Her Her Hers Herself
3 It It Its - Itself
1 We Us Our Ours Ourselves
2 You You Your Yours Yourselves
3 They Them Their Theirs Themselves
1. subject object
Jim didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.
()
I spoke to them. They are my friends.
(, )
She goes abroad. I always have a letter from her.
(, )
Father gave a present to Mary. He gave it to her
2. Possessive Adjective Possessive pronoun
- this is my book this book is mine.
- I've finished my ink. Can I use yours?
- This is your idea. this idea is yours.
- This is George's house. This house is George's
- I know Mary's husband but not Anne's
3. Double Possessive
Noun + of + possessive pronoun
John is a friend of mine
He is a brother of Jim's
18

19. It is a habit of hers to get up early
4. The Apostrophe (')
4.1 's
The boy's book
Tom's house.
Keat's poems.
Mary is this girl's name
(= the book of the boy)
(= the house of Tom)
(= the poems of Keat)
(= the name of the girl)
4.2 ( 's')
The soldiers' horses
The horses' tails
The boys' bicycles
(= the horses of the soldiers)
(= the tails of the horses)
(= the bicycles of the boys)
4.3 ( 's') 's
The men's room
The women's Society.
The children's voices.
(= the room of the men)
(= the Society of the women)
(= the voices of the children)
4.4 noun 2 's
Crosse & Blackwell's Jam
Bryant & May's matches.
My father-in law's house
The Prince of Wales's castle.
My father and mother's friends.
's
Peter's and John's son
(= Peter's son and John's son)
Galileo's and Columbus's discoveries.
(= the scientific discoveries of Galileo and the geographical discoveries of Columbus)
4.5
"of" 's'
The window of the room. the room's window.
The colors of the flowers.
4.6 's ,,
a week's holiday
an hour's walk
( 1 )
( 1 )
19

20. two day's wages
today's post
a shilling's worth
( 2 )
()
( 1 )
4.7 's business () building()
I must go to the butcher's this morning
He was educated at Merchant's Taylors'
We had dinner at my aunt's tonight
(=butcher's shop)
(School)
(house)
4.8 's
She put her arm through her brother's (arm).
I have read some of Shaw's plays but none of Shake-peare's. (plays)
William's is the only homework that is never badly (done homework).
"Whose book is this?" "It's John's." (book)
5. Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns Reflexive Pronoun , ,
I am teaching my self French.
He shaves himself every morning.
She saw herself in the looking-glass.
Emphatic Pronoun
You yourself told me the story.
I saw him do it myself.
The Duke himself piloted the plane.
()
()
()
,
()
()
()
Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself
by "…self" alone () without help ()
This is a machine that works by itself. (without help)
The little girl traveled from London to New York by herself. (alone)
Don't you feel lonely living here all by yourself. (alone)
6. Interrogative pronouns
Who = (, )
20

21. "Who split the ink?" "Suwit did."
"Who can answer that question?" "Mali can."
"Who(m) did you see?" "I saw Pim"
Whom = ( Who preposition )
To whom did you give the letter?
Who(m) did you give the letter to?
From whom did you get this book?
What = ,
What is his address?
What are those strange objects?
What are you doing? I'm cleaning the car.
Which = , , ,
Which of the boys can't do this exercise?
()
Which will you have, tea or coffee?
Whose =
Whose car is that?
Whose house did you like?
Whose book are you reading?
Where = ?
Where do you go?
Where did John study?
Where is your house?
When = ?
When does she come back home?
When do you get up?
Why =
Why does she cry?
Why didn't John go to school?
How = ?
How often = ?
How long = ?
How much = ?
21

22. How do you come to school? By bus.
How long has she been here? For two years.
How many students are there in your class? Forty.
7. Pronoun "it"
7.1
It is raining.
It is snowing
It is cold.
It is a quarter to nine.
It's a long way to Tipperary
15 9
Tipperary.
7.2 infinitive clause
It is easy enough to talk.
I find it difficult to do that.
It is he who comes first
It was Mr. Jones whom I talk to.
(= To talk is easy enough)
()
() Mr. Jones
7.3
7.4You have saved my life; I shall never forget it
()
He is trying to win a scholarship to Oxford; he won't find it easy.
Oxford
8. Pronoun "so"
8.1 verb
say think hope
believe suppose expect
hear tell imagine
be afraid ,
"Will George pass his examination?" "I think so."
George ()
"Is he very ill?" "I'm afraid so."
22

23. 8.2 2
a. think, believe, suppose, expect, hope, hear to be afraid + not
b. don't
think, believe, suppose, expect + so
doesn't
"It's going to rain." "But I don't think so."
"Will he come late?" "I hope not."
?
8.3 Verb to do Verb
I told him to come and see me, and he did so.
( help them)
if you want me to help them, I will do so.
( help them)
8.4 so + + "" (also)
My husband likes cooking and so do I.
Pichai is working hard and so is Pairote.
Relative Pronoun
Who
Whom
Which
Whose
Of which
Where
Which
,
()
23

24. The man who speaks well is my brother.
()
He is one of the men whom I feel I can thus.
()
The dog which was lost has been found.
()
The book which I read was very interesting.
()
He is the man whose word is as good as his action.
()
Bangkok where a lot of tourists come to visit is an old city.
()
Bangkok which is the capital of Thailand is an old city.
()
1.
2.
relative pronoun object ()
The man (whom) you met last week came here yesterday.
The car (which) we have just bought was expensive.
I like the picture (which) you paint.
with + noun whose/of which + clause
I buy the dog
of which the lid is black.
with the black tail.
. relative clause preposition
object preposition clause.
object clause , clause
The pen I'm writing with is a cheap one. ( which )
24

25. 4.
5
At last the bus we were waiting for came. ( which )
John Smith, whom we talk to, is a writer.
John Smith, to whom we talk, is a writer.
relative pronoun quantity word ()
Quantity word + of whom
Quantity word + of + which
I have two friends both of whom are older than me.
There were twenty passengers in the bus all of whom were injured.
They gave me some chocolate of which is delicious.
relative pronoun "that"
- Quantity word everything, all, non, much, little, few only
John is the only boy that I love.
Here are few girls that come early.
Everything that looks beautiful is not always good.
- ordinal number () superlative degree (adjective )
Shakespeare is the greatest post that England has ever had.
His book is the best that I have known.
Pim is the first that gets full marks in English.
- clause It is.. It was…
It is the teacher that is important, not kind of school she teaches in.
It was a little boy that broke the window.
What was it that he wanted?
Verb
25

26. (verb) 4
1.Transitive verbs
He throws rocks.
She ate cookies.
2.Intransitive verbs
She runs quickly.
Sunee studies hard.
3. Linking verbs (a state of being) be, seem, appear, look,
become, get, turn, taste, feel, remain, sound, grow
Clinton become President of the U.S.A.
She felt sick during the play.
Linking verbs + NOUN / ADJECTIVE
4. Helping verbs
be, have, has, had, can, could, will, would, may, might, must, do, does, did,
ought to
4.1 (ability)
(1) can could can+verb present/future time could+verb past time can
not (= can't)+verb could not (=couldn't)+verb
He can swim very well.
She could drive when she was sixteen.
16
He couldn't come yesterday.
(2) be able to is/am/are able to + verb present time was / were able
26

27. to+verb past time will be able to be going to be able to + verb future time
I'm able to drive a car now.
We are going to be able to see you tomorrow.
.
4.2
(1)
may
+ verbcan
could
May I leave now?
?
Can I borrow you book?
Could I turn in my paper tomorrow?
(2)
may
+ verbcan
could
You may leave now.
You could have an appointment tomorrow.
27

28. not cannot, may not could not
You can't come in just now.
.
4.3 (obligation) (necessary)
(1) should ought to
should
+ verb
ought to
You should be ashamed of yourself.
She ought to improve her appearance before she looks for a job.
should have
+ verb
ought to have
I should have given you my telephone number.
( )
The ought to have given us their new address.
( )
should
You shouldn't smoke so much.
Should I ask Jane now? (2) Had better +
verb
28

29. You had better take care of yourself.
had better not + verb
He'd better not be late again.
(3) Must have to (must not)
must
+ verb
have / has to
They must be there on time.
()
You have to study tonight.
()
You must not disturb him.
()
4.4 (possibility) (probability)
(1) may might may / might + verb
She may change her mind
She might have to move to New York.
not may might
(2) should ought to should / ought to + verb
29

30. You
should
ought to receive that package by next Tuesday
(past time) should have/ought to have + Verb 3 ( past participle)
He should/ought to have arrived yesterday
()
(3) Must
He's not here. He must be out to lunch.
past tense must have+ Verb 3
His car is gone. He must have decide to go home early.
4.5
(1) would rather + verb
I would rather have steak than chicken
past time would rather have + Verb 3
We'd rather have gone to the baseball game
would rather not + verb
We would rather not talk about that any more.
.
30

31. 4.6 (wants and sires)
(1) would + verb. I would present/future time
I'm hungry. I would like a sandwich.
(2) would have + Verb3 past time
I'd have been glad to show you around the city.
4.7 causative form
Have, Has, Had
- have /get + something + verb3
I have my hair cut
- have / has + someone + Verb
get / got + someone + Verb
I will have Mary water my flowers.
I will get Mary to water my flowers.
Finite, Non - Finites
Finite ( tense, Subject)
Non-Finite Infinitive, present participle ( -ing) Past Participle ( 3)
1. infinitive
Afford
Arrange
Promise
Prove
Agree
Decide
Offer
Refuse
, Appear
Pretend
(to be) pleased
Seem
The refused to do it
31

32. We finally decided to go home.
He promised to come to see me.
2. Object + infinitive
Believe
Forbid
Order
Teach
Warn
Cause
Force
Persuade
Tell
Request
Encourage
Invite
Remind
Think
Command
We invited them to come to our party
Anong persuaded Jarunee to go to school
He told me to go with him
3. infinitive Object
Ask
Expect
Desire
Beg
Prepare
Wish
Choose
Want
We expect him to leave tomorrow
4. infinitive without to
Feel
See
Notice
Hear
Smell
Observe
Listen
Watch
Make
32

33. Let
verbs of sensation ()
I saw the blind man cross the road.
I heard him curse me behind my back.
She smells something burn in the kitchen.
ing
I hear him playing the piano.
()
He notices someone climbing up the window.
5. infinitive pattern
Too + + to infinitive = … …
+
enough
+ to infinitive = … …
So + + as
+ to
infinitive
= … …
It is nice to drink hot soup.
That is too good to be true.
Would you be kind enough to lend me 100 baht?
100
You are so cruel as to hit Ann.
6. infinitive ing
33

34. Begin
Intend
Remember
Hate
Regret
Continue
Learn
Start
Love
Forget
Like
Try
Need
The teacher said, 'You can begin writing now' and the children began to write.
I hate lying and cheating. I hate to see injustice.
1. remember, forget, regret to infinitive , ing
Remember to wash your hands before every meal.
. ( )
Can you remember going abroad with me last year?
()
2. try + to infinitive
try + ing
I try to telephone him many times but the line is too busy.
I try eating snails and find it delicious.
3. need, want, require + ing passive
My pencil needs sharpening
His house wants painting
Her shoes requires cleaning
34

35. 4. stop + to + infinitive =
He stops to smoke
We stop talking to that lady because she is selfish
7. ing
Confess
Not mind
Prevent
Admit
To be busy
Consider
Put off
Imagine
Forgive
Can't bear
Can't stand
Can't help
Deny
Finish
Enjoy
Avoid
Go on
Keep on
Risk
I don't enjoy singing
He avoids meeting his girl friend
8. ing
to be used to + ing
to be used to + ing
to be accustomed to + ing
Look forward to
Would you mind
To have trouble
To have difficulty
To have difficulty
To be worth
To be worthy of
It's no use
It's useless
To have a hard time
35

36. 9. infinitive without to
had better
let's not
need
dare ()
would rather
to do nothing but
let's
This book is worth reading.
Let's revise our lessons.
10. Causative Form = ()
10.1 have + someone + do something
10.2 have + something + done
10.3 get + someone + to do something
10.4 get + something + done
I have my servant clean my shoes.
I have my shoes cleaned by my servant.
I get my servant to clean my shoes.
I get my shoes cleaned by my servant.
Adjective, Adverb and Comparison
Adjective Adjective Adverb "ly"
Adverb
Adjective Adverb
She is a quick worker.
He is a careful children.
They are noisy children
She works quickly.
He dives carefully.
They play noisily.
36

37. 1.Adjective Adverb
Adjective Adverb
This is a very fast train.
He is a hard worker.
It is a straight road.
It goes very fast.
He works hard.
It runs straight for miles
2
.
Adverb 2
He works hard.
The birds are flying high.
He came late.
3.Verb adjective
feels smell
look , become
seem , turn
appear , taste
The rose smells sweet.
The fur feels soft.
The milk tastes sour.
Verb object adverb
He looked at me happily.
37

38. He tastes the cake deliciously.
He felt my arm softly.
4.Adjective Verb to be ()
He is afraid of the fierce dog.
The students are asleep.
I am aware of his importance.
Comparison of adjective and adverb
1.Equality
As +
Adjective
+ as
Adverb
So +
Adjective
+ as
Adverb
The same + noun + as
- He is as old as you. (are)
- He is not so old as you. (are)
- Peter doesn't drive so fast as Paul.
as … as the same … as adjective noun
old -> age
deep -> depth
wide -> width
long -> length
high -> height
tall - > height
heavy -> weight
weigh -> weight
Bill is as tall as Charles. They are the same height.
His ruler is as long as that one. They are the same length.
2. Comparative "er" more + than
38

39. 3. Superlative the + est most
Hot
Big
Beautiful
Popular
hotter
bigger
more beautiful
more popular
Hottest
biggest
l most beautiful
most popular
adjective
good
bad
much,many
little
better
worse
more
less
best
worst
most
least
John works well. Jim works better than John. Pim works (the) best.
Somchai runs fast. Somsak runs faster. Pichit runs (the) fastest.
- 2 the + comparative
Of the two girls, Sunee is the more beautiful.
Between Mary and Alice. Alice is the prettier.
- Any other comparative superlative
No other positive superlative
He is richer than any other people here.
= He is the richest
- Adjective much, far a lot
Tim is much fatter than Tom.
He works much harder than his brother.
much many comparative
He has many more books than I. (have)
39

40. 4. Comparative noun than
I want a better job.
5.Older, oldest
Elder, eldest
Henry is older than David
That is the oldest house in the city
6. comparative + and + comparative
You get thinner and thinner every day. ,
His voice got weaker and weaker.
The double comparative
Pattern
The + Comparative + Subject + Verb …, the + Comparative + S + V
… …
The more we study, the wiser we are.
The harder we work, the more money we get.
The harder he tried, the less progress he made.
QUANTITY WORDS
1. Each + ()
Every
40

41. One
Each boy has his own pen.
2.
Each
+ of + the + + ()
Every
One
Either
One of the books is about history.
()
3.
Some
+ + ()
Any
All
Most
Some boys are interested in football.
.
Most books are useful.
4. Some + of + the + + ()
Any
41

42. All
Most
None
Some of the boys in this school are interested in football.
()
None of the books in the library are about politics.
()
some any
Some , any
I haven't any lemonade but I can give you some cold milk.
I can hardly see anything without my glasses. I must get some new ones
soon.
hardly, scarely, never, rarely, seldom any
1.Some polite request ()
"Shall I give you some tea?" "Yes, please."
May I give you some more ring?"
Shall we visit some of our friends this evening?
2.any ,
"Goodbye, I'll see you some day soon." ()
"Of course, any day next week will suit me." ()
3. ""
Uncountable Countable Count Uncount
much
a great deal
many
a large number (of)
a lot (of)
plenty (of)
42

43. a large amount
a large quantity
a good deal
He owns a large number of cars and a large amount of land. (cars land )
A lot of students failed because they did not spend much time revising.
"of" adverb
"How much homework have you got?"
"I've got a lot, I'm afraid." ( adverb got)
4. ""
little (not enough)
+
a little (enough)
few (not enough)
+
a few (enough)
"Here's a little water to drink with your aspirin." A little patience and a few
words help more than medicine, sometimes.
2-3
5. Both ... and...
Either ...or...
Neither ...nor...
Both Mr. Brown and his wife are out this evening.
Mr.Brown
Neither parents nor friends were there to help him.
You can take either this book or that one.
43

44. 6. neither either ( )
negative sentence + neither + Verb + Subject.
negative sentence + Subject + Verb (Negative) + either
Mary can't speak Spanish, neither/nor can I.
English isn't easy, French isn't either.
7. one, ones, the one, the ones
one
the one
ones
the ones
Look at the elephant! Isn't it a big one (one elephant)
John like Mathematics except when the problems are hard ones.
He prefer an easy one.( problems)
8. Almost, Nearly
Almost + all + of + +
Almost + all + of + +
Almost all of the chairs in this room are broken.
Almost all of the water in this jug is pure.
Almost + every + +
Almost every girl is responsible.
We see accidents in Bangkok almost every day.
44

45. almost + verb ( adverb)
Precha got grade 1 in English, he almost failed.
nearly almost
9. The "other" Group
another + ( adjective)
another + ( pronoun)
n additional one = , ,
Joe terribly greedy, his hostess offered him a piece of cake but he took
another then another and another.
the other + ( adjective, pronoun)
the second of the two + ,
He held a sword in one hand and a pistol in the other.
the + other + ( adjective)
the others + ( pronoun)
the remaining ones = ,
We got home by 6 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until about 8 o'clock.
6 2
some of...
Some of the television programs are interesting but the others are not.
45

46. other + ( adjective)
others + ( pronoun)
Here are other ways of doing this exercise.
I have no other friends but you.
...
each other (two people concerned = 2)
one another (more people concerned = 2 )
The two sisters love each other.
Little children love one another.
one after another = one by one ...
The teacher tells the students to come to see here one after an other.
These boxes are heavy, please carry them one after another.
any other + =
no other + =
My grandmother is meaner than any other old woman.
()
No other city is as busy as Bangkok
()
every other day =
the other day = 2-3
some other day =
46

47. We have studied ballet on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, so we have
studied it every other day.
Word Order
1. Adjective Order Adjective
Demonstrative
Quantity
Distributive
Possessive
Number Descriptive
Style Nationalist
Noun
AdjectiveOrdinal
Cardina
l
quality Size Color
All
Each
Every
These
Those
My,his
Her,your
First
Secon
d
Third
Fourth
Fifth
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Old
Beautiful
Lovely
Lazy
Dirty
Slow
Big
Large
Fat
Thin
Long
Short
White
Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
Gothic
Romantic
Renaissanc
e
Thai
Chinese
American
French
Brick
Silk
Gold
Amusing
a tall Gothic building
a beautiful renaissance church
five red oil paintings
Those young tall English man
The second big brow bank
That very pretty young girl
2. Adverb Order adverb
Pre-verb Adverb Adverb still just already yet
- He sometimes comes to see me on Saturdays
- I never believe what they say.
47

48. Adverb of Manner (where?) slowly, quickly, loudly
Adverb of place (where?) at school, at home, in the hall
Adverb of time (when?) today, yesterday, all the time
3
+ Manner Place Time (M.P.T)
- My mother works hard in the house all day.
- She went to school at eight o'clock.
- I will meet you outside your office tomorrow.
1. place time
- He was born at 10 a.m. on June 14th in the year 1923.
- Wait for me on the steps outside the town hall.
2. Verb of movement () Adverb of place Verb
+ Manner + Place + Time (M.P.T)
- The walk to school early every day
- We ran to our house quickly in the evening.
3. Exclamation
How + adjective + Subject + Verb to be
How + adverb + Subject + Verb
- How lovely she is
- How cold this room is
What + a + adjective + + Subject + Verb
What + adjective + / + Subject + Verb
- What heavy luggage it is!
- What an interesting book it is
There / Here + Verb + Subject (noun)
48

49. - There goes the train
- Here comes John
There / Here + Subject (pronoun) + Verb
- That it goes
- Off they went!
- Here he comes!
Inversion + +
1. Negative Adverb (Adverb ) Seldom, Rarely, Nor, Neither, Nowhere
- Nowhere did he find him
- Seldom did I meet her
2. No sooner + …………………than…………………….
Hardly / Scarely + …………….when…………… …. ………
- No sooner had I come in than he went out.
- Hardly had he gone out when the rain
started.
3. Adverb Only Only by chance () Only today () Only then ()
- Only by luck did I pass the exam.
- Only by chance did he find her.
Tense
1. Present Simple
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
1 always 1. habitual, permanent repeated
49

50. 3 s ( es) usually
often
generally
everyday
frequently
sometimes
occasionally
hardly ever
action ()
I go to church every Sunday
2. facts, general, truth, proverbs ( )
The sun sets in west
Actions speak louder than words.
3. Exclamatory sentence ()
Here it is!
Here comes the bride!
2. Present Continuous
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
is
am + ing
are
now
at the moment
at present
right now
still
1. An action is progress at the
moment of speaking.
()
My mother is cooking now.
What are you doing?
2. An action that happens
frequently ( )
John is always eating in class
Continuous fell, hear,
see, taste, smell, love
3. Past Simple
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
2 yesterday
last...
..ago
for..
1. To express action in the past
()
I ate dinner at the restaurant once.
2. A past habit ()
50

51. once..
the other day I gambled when I was young.
3. A series of past actions
()
I entered the room, switched on the
television, sat on the sofa and lit a
pipe.
4. Past Continuous
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
was
+ ing
were
Past Simple 1.
It was raining at 10 o'clock last
night
2. while, as
While I was singing, my brother
was dancing.
3. past continuous past simple
While + past continuous + past
simple = When + past simple +
past continuous
While I was doing my homeworks,
my friends came.
5. Present Perfect
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
has
+ 3
have
just
already
since
yet
recently
1.
I have just finished my report
2. ()
I have known him since 1975
51

52. until now
so far
for
ever
never
3.
Jim has gone to Europe.
Have you ever eaten snails?
6. Present Perfect Continuous
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
has
+been +
have ing
all day
all this year
all this morning
1.
He has been studying French for
five years (and is still studying)
live, wait, study, stay
7. Past Perfect
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
had + 3 conjunction
when
before
after
by the time ()
1. Past Simple conjunction past
perfect
past simple
I had gone out when he came in.
8. Future Simple
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
will
+ 1
shall
tomorrow
next
soon
this
1.
I will pass the exam this year.
52

53. 9. Future Continuous
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
will + be
shall ing
future simple + 1.
Next year, in June, she will be
studying abroad.
10. Future Perfect
Adverb of time
()
Use ()
will
+ have
shall + 3
by + adverb of time
by tomorrow
by next month
1.
By next year. I will left for London.
Tense
1. Future Simple กกก Present Simple กกกก Present Perfect กกกกก until, as soon as, the moment that
กกกกกกกกกกกกก
2. Past Continuous กกก Past Simple
While + past continuous, past simple.
When + past simple, past continuous.
3. Past Perfect กกก Past Simple
past perfect
past simple
53

54. Active Passive voice
Active
Passive
Active Passive
He writes a book
The boy kicked the ball
A book is written by him
The ball was kicked by the children
Active passive
1.
2. Verb to be Tense
3. Verb Verb 3
4. by
1. Passive
2. Let's Let's not
Passive verb
1. Active
2. Passive
3. + ing ...
interest amuse bore
astonish annoy disappoint
excite puzzle delight
terrify shock frighten
This book interests me I am interested in this book
54

55. His tale amuses the children The children are amused by his tale
This news excited her. She was excited by this news
ing 3 adjective
He is a boring teacher
It is an astonishing event
The excited spectators stand up all the time.
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55