Gene Editing in Ag and Medicine
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Presented to the Florida Farm Bureau winter conference, February 7, 2017 in Ocala, FL. The presentation covers the use of new gene editing techniques in animals, plants and medical application. The techniques are contrasted against conventional transgenic approaches. Regulatory concerns were stressed as was the need for ag producers to step up and into the conversation.
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Gene Editing in Ag and Medicine
- 1. Gene Editing What is CRISPR? Kevin M. Folta Professor and Chairman Horticultural Sciences Department kfolta.blogspot.com @kevinfolta kfolta@ufl.edu www.talkingbiotechpodcast.com
- 2. Research Funding and Reimbursement: www.kevinfolta.com/transparency Slides: www.slideshare.net/kevinfolta
- 3. What is our starting point? 10 potato apple
- 4. Mechanisms of Genetic Improvement
- 5. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA – genetic material, Hard copy safe in the nucleus of a cell RNA – Transient copy of the same information (+/-) Protein – Does the work! Enzymes, structures, etc.
- 6. Regeneration from single cells Plant cells can “re-program”
- 7. Transgenics What people usually think of as “GMO” Addition of a gene, or small number of genes New information on the hard drive!
- 8. Transgenics Can add traits from across species (like the Bt gene for insect resistance) Can suppress traits or viruses using RNAi (as in the papaya and potato)
- 9. Cisgenics/Intragenics Transfer of specific genes from the same species Cis-genic = as-is Intra-genic = all ‘native’ sequence with some re- arrangement
- 10. Gene Editing = Genome Editing (changing a single letter in a single document on the hard drive)
- 11. The Gene Editing Revolution
- 12. The Gene Editing Revolution
- 15. Products of Genetic Engineering Add a Transgene ON/OFF GENE Natural Mutations ACGAGTCGATCAGTCTAG Gene Editing ACGAGTCGATCAGTCTAG ACGAGTCGATGAGTCTAG ACGAGTCGATGAGTCTAG =
- 16. Applications
- 17. Gene Editing Horn Gene Horn Gene NO HORNS!!! Good beef Bad milkHORNS!!! Bad beef Great milk Cross…. Mix of bad beef, bad milk production
- 18. Gene Editing Horn Gene Horn Gene NO HORNS!!! Good beef Bad milkHORNS!!! Bad beef Great milk Horn Gene NO HORNS!!! Bad beef Good milk
- 19. Gene Editing
- 20. Changing domestic pigs’ DNA to provide resistance to African Swine Fever Episode 037
- 22. Low Acrylamide, non Browning Potatoes X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy X Now with Late Blight resistance and better cold storage
- 23. Stopping Citrus Greening Several genes show promise Earliest deregulation is 2019 X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy X X
- 26. Health Implications Universal donor cells to attack certain leukemias have been developed using gene editing to delete genes that lead to the treatment to be rejected from the body.
- 29. Technical Explosion Sweden will not regulate crops produced with gene editing USDA appears to be in a similar situation Activist groups claim that this is an insidious use of technology– wanted it labeled as “GMO” China invested $4 Billion in this technology
- 30. PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD. Share your stories to support the development of gene editing tools and ensure low barriers to commercialize improved genetics! It is critical to be part of this discussion! https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=FDA-2016-N
- 31. kfolta.blogspot.com @kevinfolta kfolta@ufl.edu www.talkingbiotechpodcast.com iTunes, Stitcher, Player FM Thank you. All funding, reimbursement: www.kevinfolta.com/transparency All slides: www.slideshare.net/kevinfolta
- 32. “Don’t tell me it can’t be done, tell me what needs to be done and help me do it.”