The document discusses various ways that societies distinguish members based on gender, age, wealth, religion, and location. It notes that traditional expectations place men in masculine roles as breadwinners and women in feminine roles focused on homekeeping. However, it also discusses how urban environments and increasing women's employment have challenged traditional gender roles. The document examines differences in how men and women are perceived and treated in society and the workplace.
Gender and sex,what is gender identity?what you mean gender expression?what is gender stereotyping?what is the difference between gender equity and gender equality?
Gender and sex,what is gender identity?what you mean gender expression?what is gender stereotyping?what is the difference between gender equity and gender equality?
Gender is a social construct that defines social relationship between men and women. Women belong to the feminine gender because during the process of growing up, certain culturally constructed feminine traits are inculcated into them, right from the birth.
Gender Equality is human right issue.when we are discriminating million of people on the basis of gender we are denying them basic dignity.so lets raise our voice against discrimination which is perpetual and glare at our face everyday weather we are at the Work place ,personal front or public.it is right there.Now it is your choice whether you face it,keep quiet about it due to the fear of backlash or voice your opinion against it.
Gender differences in societal orientation and output of individual scientistsInge van der Weijden
Presentation at the STI 2014 conference
Gender differences in societal orientation and output of individual scientists
Authors: Inge van der Weijden, Zohreh Zahedi, Ulle Must and Ingeborg Meijer
Gender is a social construct that defines social relationship between men and women. Women belong to the feminine gender because during the process of growing up, certain culturally constructed feminine traits are inculcated into them, right from the birth.
Gender Equality is human right issue.when we are discriminating million of people on the basis of gender we are denying them basic dignity.so lets raise our voice against discrimination which is perpetual and glare at our face everyday weather we are at the Work place ,personal front or public.it is right there.Now it is your choice whether you face it,keep quiet about it due to the fear of backlash or voice your opinion against it.
Gender differences in societal orientation and output of individual scientistsInge van der Weijden
Presentation at the STI 2014 conference
Gender differences in societal orientation and output of individual scientists
Authors: Inge van der Weijden, Zohreh Zahedi, Ulle Must and Ingeborg Meijer
Groups of related people bonded by connections that are biolog.docxwhittemorelucilla
Groups of related people bonded by connections that are biological, legal, or
emotional
○
Socially constructed: we can’t by ourselves say we are a family with someone
we need other people to tell us a well.
○
• Family: all persons or group of people who occupy a dwelling (Household) (US
Definition)
Monogamy: the marriage of one man and one woman ○
Common law marriage: living together so long that you’re married ○
Polyandry: woman married to multiple men at the same time §
Polygyny: man married to multiple women at the same time §
○ Polygamy: multiple marriages at one time
• Marriage
Emphasis on the emotional side of the definition of family §
○ Fictive kin: people other than legal or blood relatives who play family roles by
providing for needs of other
• Family as
Defining Family
Exclude same sex marriage will never be a household ○
Exclusionists: most restrictive definition of family. Traditional= man, woman, with kids as
well as traditional gender roles
If people functions as a family then they are one○
Focuses on function and not structure ○
Inclusionist: all- encompassing definition of family
Children and signaling commitment is fundamental ○
Subordinate individual interests to those groups ○
Value obligation to others over personal freedom○
CHINA ○
• Collectivist
Individual rights, self-realization, autonomy, personal identity take
precedence over family obligations
○
United States, Canada, or Australia ○
• Individualist
Moderates: open to a more broad definition of family if the people in that group shows
commitment.
Organized patterns of beliefs and behaviors centered on basic social needs○
Patterned ways of solving problems and meeting the needs of a particular
society
○
Meeting the requires for society to be a society ○
Institutions: Building blocks to organized society ○
Ex: family, education, religion, economy, health care, law, politics, media ○
• Social institution
A social space in which relations between people in common positions are
governed by accepted rules of interaction
○
• Institutional Arena
Institutional work/arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing,
socialization, and caring work.
○
• Family arena
Family as Social Institution/Institutional Arena
Recent changes in family life are sign of the overall importance of family as a social
institution is eroding
•
Ex: divorce, no more family dinners, gender roles are being broken down,
same sex marriage.
○
Move from “traditional” family structures toward diverse types of households is
problematic
•
The Family Decline Perspective (weak: because it misses the various definitions of
family)
A set of statements or propositions that seek to explain or predict a
particular aspect of social life.
○
Helps us predict and then we gather data to test those ○
• Theory
Aka: structural functionalism ○
Helps society as a whole function in such a way to maintain
stability
§
Society is a giant ...
Gender Studies is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the complex interaction of gender with other identity markers such as race, ethnicity, sexuality, nation, and religion. Gender— femininity and masculinity—is such a basic form of social organization that its operation often passes unnoticed.
2. There are many ways in which
societies distinguish their
members
GEND
ER AGE
Rich
Poor
NATION RELIGI
3. What are the Differences that may affect the
expectations of society:
× Gender & age
A. ALL MEN SHOULD BE MASCULINE
× MEN BE THE BREADWINNERS OF
THEIR FAMILIES
B. ALL WOMEN SHOULD BE FEMININE
× WOMEN BE THE HOUSEKEEPERS
OF THEIR FAMILIES
4. The man’s world:
× viewed as harsh & heartless jungle
× man = strong and aggressive
B. The woman’s world
× harmony at home
5. The division of labor
× men = ambitious and aggressive
× women = shy, passive, and easily
intimidated Malakas at
Mahina at
mahinhin magilas
6. Urban vs. rural
Urban:
× urabnized men tend to be open-minded
and ignorant towards gender roles
× in most cases, women work to provide
for their families while men stay at home
to handle house chores bread winner of
Woman =
family
7. Urban vs. rural
rural:
× men still tend to be traditional ; they take
the roles of having to provide for their
families through fishing, farming, etc.
× women stay at home where they fulfill
their duties as a mother and as a wife
8. Man vs. woman
(social aspect)
The man :
× initiates interactions between the sexes
× more likely to touch the women
× aggressive
× more practical in orientation
×Opening doors for women = customary
9. The man according to women
× success objects
The woman according to men
× sex objects
10. × People have gender roles
× each society posses a
particular gender role
11. Margaret mead
(1935)
× studied three tribes in
new guinea
a)Arapesh
b)Mundugmor
c)Tchambuli
12. × in most societies,
men’s work is highly
valued compared to the
women’s work.
× kay martin and
barbara voorhies
13.
14. Men > women
woMen are viewed negatively:
× submissive
Men are viewed positively:
× dependent
× independent × unadventurous
× courageous × easily influenced
× more positive× excitable in minor crises
traits... × susceptible to hurt feeling
× conceited
15. Men > women
Studies show that…
× least preferable as friends or
romantic partners
× more likely to have marital
problems
× female managers = unfeminine
16. Men > women
Low status
gestures:
× smiling
× nodding
High status × holding arms to
gestures: the body
× Smiling × keeping legs
occasionally together
× Holding hands
still
× Assuming
asymmetrical
17. Women:
× deprived of opportunities for higher
education
× barred from many colleges &
universities
× receive less attention from teachers
Faculties/administrations
× suffer dramatic drop in self-esteem
× there is a gender gap in the nation’s
during high school
18. × forty years ago, 30% women were
employed outside the home.
× today, more than half of the
women are employed, including
19. × for women in their thirties and
forties, the rate of labor-force
participation now stands at 78%
20. × women typically hold lower status
and lower paying jobs than men.
× in the us, men made up of 75%
managers in companies with 100 or
more employees but women
only accounted for 25%
21. × women are over represented in such
low-paying jobs: public school teaching,
secretarial work, receptionists, billing clerks,
child-care workers
× woman’s ghettos: the traditional
occupations mentioned above are
subordinate to positions usually held by
22. Why do women who hold the same jobs
as men or have comparable skills /
training still earn less?
× more women hold lower-level jobs
× more women have less seniority than
men
× men are their families’ principal wage
23. In the Philippines :
× The philippine government
legislated a standard policy on wage
and salary regardless of gender
but base on merits and ranks.
24. Before:
× mentality
× Sexism
× Roles in the family
todaY:
ballot × voting patterns
wom
an wom ×Presently rising
× an
man more women running for office
25. A system wherein people believe in god or gods
Buddhism and Confucianism:
× instruct wives to obey husbands
Iglesia ni kristo:
× female members are barred to occupy
× Men are superior to women as minister
positions on account
of the qualities in which God has given
× sexism isthem preeminence
not confined to sacred texts.
26.
27. FEMAL
× They have two similar chromos
× more resistant to pain and m
× They bear and suck
onal, social and economic activities may be periodically
× more evenly balanced between left and right-brain
t to be slightly more intuitive and sometimes better com
ouch with their feelings and are better at expressing the
× better at connecting w
× more prone to different types of
28. MALES
× They have two dissimilar chromosomes (XY).
× The male’s lack of a second X chromosome makes
him the weaker sex
× Male infants are more likely to be malformed.
× Hemophilia and webbing of toes are found only in
men.
× Proportion of hormones is greater.
× biological involvement in reproduction begins and
ends with a brief act of insemination.
29. Men and women are different in many ways
MALE traits
× dominance
× emotional stability
× rule consciousness
× vigilance
× openness to change
× social boldness
× privateness
× perfectionism
30. Men and women are different in many ways
feMALE traits
× sensitivity
× warmth
× apprehension
× tension
× self-reliance
× liveliness
× abstractedness