The document discusses various ways that societies distinguish members based on gender, age, wealth, religion, and location. It notes that traditional expectations place men in masculine roles as breadwinners and women in feminine roles focused on homekeeping. However, it also discusses how urban environments and increasing women's employment have challenged traditional gender roles. The document examines differences in how men and women are perceived and treated in society and the workplace.

1. By: Denzel, jomi, clark, renzel
Elaiza, venice, michelle, francine,
& gillian

2. There are many ways in which
societies distinguish their
members
GEND
ER AGE
Rich
Poor
NATION RELIGI

3. What are the Differences that may affect the
expectations of society:
× Gender & age
A. ALL MEN SHOULD BE MASCULINE
× MEN BE THE BREADWINNERS OF
THEIR FAMILIES
B. ALL WOMEN SHOULD BE FEMININE
× WOMEN BE THE HOUSEKEEPERS
OF THEIR FAMILIES

4. The man’s world:
× viewed as harsh & heartless jungle
× man = strong and aggressive
B. The woman’s world
× harmony at home

5. The division of labor
× men = ambitious and aggressive
× women = shy, passive, and easily
intimidated Malakas at
Mahina at
mahinhin magilas

6. Urban vs. rural
Urban:
× urabnized men tend to be open-minded
and ignorant towards gender roles
× in most cases, women work to provide
for their families while men stay at home
to handle house chores bread winner of
Woman =
family

7. Urban vs. rural
rural:
× men still tend to be traditional ; they take
the roles of having to provide for their
families through fishing, farming, etc.
× women stay at home where they fulfill
their duties as a mother and as a wife

8. Man vs. woman
(social aspect)
The man :
× initiates interactions between the sexes
× more likely to touch the women
× aggressive
× more practical in orientation
×Opening doors for women = customary

9. The man according to women
× success objects
The woman according to men
× sex objects

10. × People have gender roles
× each society posses a
particular gender role

11. Margaret mead
(1935)
× studied three tribes in
new guinea
a)Arapesh
b)Mundugmor
c)Tchambuli

12. × in most societies,
men’s work is highly
valued compared to the
women’s work.
× kay martin and
barbara voorhies

14. Men > women
woMen are viewed negatively:
× submissive
Men are viewed positively:
× dependent
× independent × unadventurous
× courageous × easily influenced
× more positive× excitable in minor crises
traits... × susceptible to hurt feeling
× conceited

15. Men > women
Studies show that…
× least preferable as friends or
romantic partners
× more likely to have marital
problems
× female managers = unfeminine

16. Men > women
Low status
gestures:
× smiling
× nodding
High status × holding arms to
gestures: the body
× Smiling × keeping legs
occasionally together
× Holding hands
still
× Assuming
asymmetrical

17. Women:
× deprived of opportunities for higher
education
× barred from many colleges &
universities
× receive less attention from teachers
Faculties/administrations
× suffer dramatic drop in self-esteem
× there is a gender gap in the nation’s
during high school

18. × forty years ago, 30% women were
employed outside the home.
× today, more than half of the
women are employed, including

19. × for women in their thirties and
forties, the rate of labor-force
participation now stands at 78%

20. × women typically hold lower status
and lower paying jobs than men.
× in the us, men made up of 75%
managers in companies with 100 or
more employees but women
only accounted for 25%

21. × women are over represented in such
low-paying jobs: public school teaching,
secretarial work, receptionists, billing clerks,
child-care workers
× woman’s ghettos: the traditional
occupations mentioned above are
subordinate to positions usually held by

22. Why do women who hold the same jobs
as men or have comparable skills /
training still earn less?
× more women hold lower-level jobs
× more women have less seniority than
men
× men are their families’ principal wage

23. In the Philippines :
× The philippine government
legislated a standard policy on wage
and salary regardless of gender
but base on merits and ranks.

24. Before:
× mentality
× Sexism
× Roles in the family
todaY:
ballot × voting patterns
wom
an wom ×Presently rising
× an
man more women running for office

25. A system wherein people believe in god or gods
Buddhism and Confucianism:
× instruct wives to obey husbands
Iglesia ni kristo:
× female members are barred to occupy
× Men are superior to women as minister
positions on account
of the qualities in which God has given
× sexism isthem preeminence
not confined to sacred texts.

27. FEMAL
× They have two similar chromos
× more resistant to pain and m
× They bear and suck
onal, social and economic activities may be periodically
× more evenly balanced between left and right-brain
t to be slightly more intuitive and sometimes better com
ouch with their feelings and are better at expressing the
× better at connecting w
× more prone to different types of

28. MALES
× They have two dissimilar chromosomes (XY).
× The male’s lack of a second X chromosome makes
him the weaker sex
× Male infants are more likely to be malformed.
× Hemophilia and webbing of toes are found only in
men.
× Proportion of hormones is greater.
× biological involvement in reproduction begins and
ends with a brief act of insemination.

29. Men and women are different in many ways
MALE traits
× dominance
× emotional stability
× rule consciousness
× vigilance
× openness to change
× social boldness
× privateness
× perfectionism

30. Men and women are different in many ways
feMALE traits
× sensitivity
× warmth
× apprehension
× tension
× self-reliance
× liveliness
× abstractedness

32. Men and women are different in many ways