Gender Differences
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This study examined differences in how men and women perceive sexual interest after brief opposite-sex interactions. The study found that men perceived women as more sexually interested than women perceived men. However, gender schemas did not seem to influence perceptions, as masculine men did not oversexualize more than other groups. Physical attraction strongly correlated with men's ratings of women's sexual traits and desire for future interactions.
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Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 12-gender, sex, and sexuality
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FINAL VERSION OF THESIS - TURNED IN!!!!
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Research Report for Social Psyhology (Questonnaire)
Females had a more positive attitude towards romantic relationships than males. There was no significant gender difference in views on what a partner can provide or physical attractiveness. Males held more traditional views supporting the concept of double standards in relationships compared to females. The study found both similarities and differences in how males and females view romantic and sexual relationships, contradicting some past research. Further research should examine the influence of other factors like religion and relationship status.
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This document provides a summary and response to an article titled "Gender Differences in Intimacy, Emotional Expressivity and Relationship Satisfaction." The summary discusses key findings from the article, including that women reported higher levels of supportiveness and negative emotional expressivity, while men reported higher levels of nonverbal and verbal affection and intimacy in relationships. However, men reported lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The response paper analyzes the article's methodology and conclusions, noting some limitations but finding the theoretical framework and arguments to be logically sound.
Gender
Gender refers to the psychological sense of maleness or femaleness related to one's culture or society, whereas sex refers to biological attributes. Gender development involves learning gender roles and stereotypes from a young age through socialization. Gender identity forms between ages 2-3 and involves identifying as male or female, while gender constancy develops at ages 6-7 with the understanding that gender is permanent. Gender stereotyping can be positive or negative, but is inherently harmful as it reduces individuals to narrow roles and leads to making assumptions about people based on their gender.
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This document discusses research on the relationship between childhood trauma and male homosexuality. It outlines several null hypotheses that childhood emotional trauma, childhood sexual abuse, childhood psychological abuse, childhood physical abuse, and other childhood traumas have no relationship to male homosexuality. The document then reviews studies finding correlations between childhood sexual abuse and male homosexuality, and weaknesses of studies arguing homosexuality is biologically determined. It describes potential negative outcomes of childhood sexual abuse on children. Finally, it proposes the study aims to explore these childhood trauma factors and hopes results can help understand development and improve help for men trapped in unwanted behaviors.
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This study examined how people make assumptions about physical appearance and personality traits based on voice characteristics. 42 students listened to recordings of 2 male and 2 female voices and answered questions about the physical traits and rated personality traits of the voices. The results showed that accuracy in determining physical traits tended to be higher for lower pitched voices. Confidence levels did not differ based on voice pitch. 100% of subjects perceived one voice as younger than it actually was, likely due to its higher pitch. Personality traits could be predicted from voice recordings with 65-80% accuracy based on previous research. Limitations and opportunities for further study are discussed.
Love and courtship on Gender and Development Course
The document discusses theories of relationship development and maintenance between men and women. Evolutionary theory suggests men value youth and attractiveness in mates as indicators of fertility, while women prefer mates with resources to help offspring survive. Social role theory links mate preferences to societal gender roles. Both genders desire support, companionship, honesty and kindness in relationships. Physical attractiveness holds more reward value for men. Relationship initiation is traditionally male-led but is becoming more equal. Intimacy, love and sexuality play roles in romantic relationships between all genders and orientations. Maintenance strategies include cognitive biases, accommodation, emotion skills and sexual activity.
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The study examined the relationship between unwanted yet consensual sexting, physical abuse, and attachment anxiety in romantic relationships. It found that over half of participants had engaged in unwanted sexting with a partner. Frequency of physical abuse predicted unwanted sexting for both men and women. For women, attachment anxiety also predicted unwanted sexting. The results suggest unwanted sexting may be a new form of covictimization, especially for women who have a history of abuse and attachment anxiety.
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This study examined the relationship between unwanted yet consensual sexting, physical abuse, and attachment anxiety in romantic relationships. The researchers found that over half of participants had engaged in unwanted sexting with a partner. Frequency of physical abuse and attachment anxiety, particularly for women, predicted higher rates of unwanted sexting. The findings suggest unwanted sexting may be a new form of covictimization enabled by technology.
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This study investigated topics of conflict in romantic relationships between men and women. The researcher hypothesized that men would report more conflict about sexual behavior, while women would report more conflict about intimacy. Undergraduate students completed questionnaires about their relationships. Results of t-tests showed no significant gender differences in reported topics of conflict regarding sexual behavior or intimacy. The hypotheses were not supported. Future research with both partners' perspectives could provide more accurate insights into sources of relationship conflict.
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This document outlines a study on relationship rules between genders. It includes an abstract, introduction discussing relevant literature, aim to compare views of relationship importance between genders, hypothesis that females will be more truthful, methods using a questionnaire, procedure of administering the questionnaire, and sections for results, discussion, conclusion, and references. The introduction discusses factors like proximity, exposure, familiarity, similarity, attractiveness, and reciprocal liking in relationship formation. The aim is to see which gender finds relationships and their maintenance/repair more important. The hypothesis is that females will be more truthful and work harder at maintenance/repair.
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This study examined whether a person's need for sex predicts their comfort with casual sex and likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors. 111 participants completed online questionnaires measuring their need for sex, views on casual sex, and sexual history. Higher need for sex correlated with more unrestricted views of casual sex and a higher frequency of risky sexual encounters. However, there was no significant interaction between the three measures. The findings suggest an individual's need for sex can impact their psychology and behaviors regarding casual and risky sex, which has implications for understanding hazardous sexual behavior.
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This study contributed to literature suggesting that heterosexual and LGB relationships function similarly, and several attachment theoretical findings based on heterosexual samples profited from an empirical cross-validation with a mixed-orientation sample.
"Research on gay male, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB) attachment relationships may provide empirical contributions to the generalizability of differential attachment, and to our understanding of how gender affects close relationships." (Peplau & Fingerhut, 2007)
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pdf
This document summarizes research on sex differences in jealousy. Three studies found that men were more distressed by sexual infidelity from a partner, while women were more distressed by emotional infidelity. The studies measured responses to imagined infidelity scenarios through self-reports, physiological measures like skin conductance, and examining those in committed relationships. The research aims to support an evolutionary psychology perspective that men and women's experiences of jealousy evolved due to different reproductive challenges.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female SexualOrienta
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female Sexual
Orientation, Childhood Gender Typicality and Adult
Gender Identity
Andrea Burri1,2*, Lynn Cherkas2, Timothy Spector2, Qazi Rahman1*
1 Biological and Experimental Psychology Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, 2 Department
of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Abstract
Background: Human sexual orientation is influenced by genetic and non-shared environmental factors as are two
important psychological correlates – childhood gender typicality (CGT) and adult gender identity (AGI). However,
researchers have been unable to resolve the genetic and non-genetic components that contribute to the covariation
between these traits, particularly in women.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we performed a multivariate genetic analysis in a large sample of British female
twins (N = 4,426) who completed a questionnaire assessing sexual attraction, CGT and AGI. Univariate genetic models
indicated modest genetic influences on sexual attraction (25%), AGI (11%) and CGT (31%). For the multivariate analyses, a
common pathway model best fitted the data.
Conclusions/Significance: This indicated that a single latent variable influenced by a genetic component and common non-
shared environmental component explained the association between the three traits but there was substantial
measurement error. These findings highlight common developmental factors affecting differences in sexual orientation.
Citation: Burri A, Cherkas L, Spector T, Rahman Q (2011) Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female Sexual Orientation, Childhood Gender Typicality and
Adult Gender Identity. PLoS ONE 6(7): e21982. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021982
Editor: Stacey Cherny, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Received March 9, 2011; Accepted June 14, 2011; Published July 7, 2011
Copyright: � 2011 Burri et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: These authors have no support or funding to report.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: [email protected] (AB); [email protected] (QR)
Introduction
Understanding of the origins of sexual orientation can help
narrow competing developmental explanations for behavioral sex
differences in general and is of increasing importance to
researchers concerned with the physical and mental health of
sexual minorities [1,2]. Homosexuality appears to be a stable
sexual phenotype in humans with population-based surveys
suggesting lifetime prevalence of 2–4% in men and 0.5–1.5% in
women when measured as exclusive same-sex ‘‘feelings’’ (e.g.,
homosexual attractions and fantasies) [3,4]. The distribution of the
...
Amanda Tom Final ID Paper
The study examined the relationship between permissive sexual attitudes and engaging in casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs). It also looked at whether identity confusion moderated this relationship. Logistic regression analysis found that more permissive sexual attitudes were associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in CSREs. However, identity confusion did not predict or moderate this relationship. The findings suggest that external factors may be more influential on casual sexual behavior than internal identity factors.
Attitudes toward help seeking
This study examined how gender, locus of control, and past experience with mental health services influence attitudes toward seeking psychological help. The author conducted an online survey of 91 participants measuring their attitudes using standardized scales and questions about experiences. Results found that gender was a stronger predictor of attitudes and past experience than locus of control. Specifically, women tended to have more positive attitudes and were more likely to have previously sought help, which is consistent with previous research. However, contrary to expectations, locus of control and past experience did not significantly predict attitudes in this study. The implications and limitations are discussed.
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The Relations Among Feminist Identity Development, Gender - Role Orientation,...
The study examined the relationships between feminist identity development, gender role orientation, and psychological well-being in 244 women at a large southwestern university. It found that women with highly developed feminist identities and more masculine gender roles had greater psychological well-being, defined as life satisfaction and positive functioning. In contrast, women with lower feminist identity reported lower overall psychological well-being. The results supported the hypotheses that feminist identity development and gender role orientation independently influence women's psychological well-being.
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This study examined whether stereotype threat contributes to the observed gender gap in political knowledge. Researchers conducted phone surveys of college students, varying the interviewer's gender and information provided about the test. They found that women scored higher when interviewed by other women or when told the test was non-diagnostic of gender differences. The results suggest that concerns over confirming negative stereotypes can negatively influence women's scores on political knowledge tests.
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