Social norms refer to expectations within social groups that influence behavior. Gender norms in particular shape opportunities for women's empowerment in agriculture. A study of 137 communities found gender norms are context-specific and fluid. Norms assign domestic work to women and restrict their mobility and interactions with men. They characterize certain jobs and crops as masculine and influence control over incomes and assets. Transforming deep-seated gender norms requires understanding local contexts, promoting alternative expectations, and providing inclusive spaces for dialogue.