The document discusses the potential for biomethane as a vehicle fuel, particularly for buses, in the UK and Europe. Key points include: 1) Biomethane is a renewable natural gas produced from organic waste that can be injected into the gas grid or used as a vehicle fuel. 2) In Europe, there are many examples of cities running biomethane-fueled buses successfully, with environmental and efficiency benefits. 3) The UK currently has no natural gas buses, but the necessary infrastructure and vehicle technology exist to develop a thriving domestic biomethane-fueled bus industry.

1. John Baldwin Managing Director, CNG Services Ltd C Eng M I Mech E, M I Gas E, MA (Oxon) [email_address] www.cngservices.co.uk 0121 707 8581, 07831 241217 4 June 09 Biomethane bus potential in UK and Europe

5. DEFRA vision for AD This is very good news for the environment and for the UK economy

6. Biomethane to Grid (BtG) Widespread consensus that gas grid injection is attractive because of absence of uses for waste heat where renewable methane is made. Take the gas to the customers along existing pipelines and have high efficiency utilisation….no need to move biomass by road…or use the biomethane to fuel buses on it

8. Use of renewable methane Generate electricity , some use for Waste heat Energy used – displacing fossil fuel Energy wasted – no displacing of Fossil fuel Run vehicles in dual fuel diesel-biomethane engine Inject to gas grid , displace fossil methane in heating 45% 55% 100% 100% as energy used to make diesel is greater than energy to make compressed biomethane Around 55% of the energy in the renewable methane is wasted 100% 100% as energy used to make biomethane is similar to energy used to transport gas to UK by pipeline Given the need to displace 15% of fossil fuels by renewable fuels by 2020, the transport and heating uses for biomethane are around 2 x better than the electricity use (even with some local heat use)

10. What about biomethane as a vehicle fuel? How is it made?

11. Making biomethane Lots of ways of cleaning up raw biogas to make Biomethane with the technology shown as a ‘black box’ This shows biomethane going into the gas grid, with addition of propane (to increase the calorific value) and odorant (to give a smell) Gas Grid From Anaerobic Digester Or can go direct to CNG compressor and vehicles from here

12. Compressed biomethane vehicle fuel Local Gas Grid Pipe CNG Compressors Storage Cascade Dispenser Biogas supply from Anaerobic Digester Propane and odorant then gas grid injection Biogas Clean-up plant Back-up supply from gas grid 0.01 bar 7 bar 250 bar Typically 1 bar Vehicle use and Biomethane to Grid go together

13. How does biomethane compare with other bio-fuels in its ability to convert sunlight falling on a hectare of land into a useful vehicle fuel ?

15. We have the waste, we can make the fuel, what about the buses?

25. Lille Video (1)

26. Lille Video (2) Weed the garden You won’t hear them (50% less noise than diesel) You won’t smell them (close to zero NOX and particulates) Make bio-methane, Fill the buses Don’t eat the celery But you’ll be delighted to ride on them Looks too good to be true – carbon neutral bus travel, with very low Nox and particulates