Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)
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Gamma-ray bursts are extremely energetic explosions that release more energy in a second than our sun will in its entire lifetime. They are detected by spacecraft and last from milliseconds to hours. There are two main types - short bursts that last a few seconds and long bursts that can last over a minute. While most gamma-ray bursts originate from distant galaxies and are harmless, a nearby one could damage life on Earth by depleting the ozone layer. In 2017, gravitational waves and gamma rays were detected simultaneously for the first time, from a merging neutron star system.
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This is my first English project to complete my English Presentation. So, I think I’m not too good at English, I made it really simple because I was confuse what will I do.
Here, I try to learn about English. I apologize if I make any mistake. I’m really bad at English okay. But I will learn.
So this is tell us about supernova, and how supernova can be formed, type of supernova, and siclus of star. Thank you very much if you want to read this ^^
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A presentation I gave to the Brighton Astronomy Society in Jan 2016 - http://brightonastro.com/ , https://www.facebook.com/brightonastro/
Annoyingly that's removed the videos from the slides, so here are links to those:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-P5IFTqB98&t=18s
(This Youtube channel "In a nutshell" is absolutely fantastic by the way and I highly recommend a look through their other videos!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duoHtJpo4GY
https://vimeo.com/8723702
I've also made my notes from preparing the slides available here as well:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gqgsAbvoCB_7-_gPToqOuSixc02YnU-ajf-uT60R1vc/edit?usp=sharing
-- there are LOTS of further links to interesting videos in there as well, that I didn't use on the night so worth a scan through.
Any further questions, feel free to ask in comments on here
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This is my first English project to complete my English Presentation. So, I think I’m not too good at English, I made it really simple because I was confuse what will I do.
Here, I try to learn about English. I apologize if I make any mistake. I’m really bad at English okay. But I will learn.
So this is tell us about supernova, and how supernova can be formed, type of supernova, and siclus of star. Thank you very much if you want to read this ^^
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A presentation I gave to the Brighton Astronomy Society in Jan 2016 - http://brightonastro.com/ , https://www.facebook.com/brightonastro/
Annoyingly that's removed the videos from the slides, so here are links to those:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-P5IFTqB98&t=18s
(This Youtube channel "In a nutshell" is absolutely fantastic by the way and I highly recommend a look through their other videos!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duoHtJpo4GY
https://vimeo.com/8723702
I've also made my notes from preparing the slides available here as well:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gqgsAbvoCB_7-_gPToqOuSixc02YnU-ajf-uT60R1vc/edit?usp=sharing
-- there are LOTS of further links to interesting videos in there as well, that I didn't use on the night so worth a scan through.
Any further questions, feel free to ask in comments on here
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A supernova is a massive stellar explosion that occurs at the end of a large star's life. Supernovae can be dangerous to life on Earth if they occur close enough, releasing powerful cosmic radiation like gamma rays. Without supernovae dispersing elements throughout the universe, there would be no heavy elements like oxygen or iron, and thus no life as we know it.
GWs.ppt
1) Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime produced by accelerated masses like binary star systems.
2) They propagate at the speed of light and stretch and compress spacetime in two polarizations.
3) Ground-based detectors like LIGO and VIRGO have detected gravitational waves, indirectly confirming their existence. Space-based detectors like LISA are proposed to detect different sources like supermassive black holes.
Biological effects of_natural_explosions 1
The document discusses various natural explosions and their biological effects, including:
1) The Big Bang created the universe approximately 15 billion years ago, launching all matter and energy into expanding space. Supernovas are massive star explosions that add elements to space but their effects on life are unknown.
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3) The K-T extinction event 65 million years ago likely resulted from an asteroid collision, wiping out the dinosaurs and over 50% of species. Volcanic explosions immediately kill many people and wildlife through hazards like pyrocl
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in 1883, a Mexican astronomer, José Bonilla, saw 450 unidentified objects crossing before the sun.
His editor dismissed the phenomenon and suggested it was caused by insects and bugs on the telescope.
In 2011, a group of researchers reanalyzed the data, and discovered the horrifying truth, that The Human Race was going to extinct!
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The document discusses evidence that supports the Big Bang theory of the origin and expansion of the universe. It describes two key pieces of evidence: 1) the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is radiation that comes from all directions in space and is thought to be remnants of the early universe, and 2) red shift observations showing that distant galaxies are moving away, which is evidence the universe is expanding. It also explains that an open or closed universe is possible depending on whether the mass of the universe is enough to overcome the expansion driven by dark energy.
Electro magnetic spactrum
Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest energy of all electromagnetic waves. They are produced by radioactive decay, nuclear explosions, and extremely hot astronomical objects like supernovae. Gamma rays can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere so astronomers use high-altitude balloons and satellites to observe them. Gamma rays reveal information about violent cosmic events and locations with strong gravitational and magnetic fields like neutron stars and black holes.
lecture25
1) Other galaxies, like the Milky Way, contain dark matter as evidenced by their rotation curves. Around 90% of the matter in the universe is dark matter.
2) While dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic waves, it can be observed through its gravitational effects such as gravitational lensing and its influence on galaxy cluster collisions.
3) Dark matter plays a key role in structure formation in the universe, starting with dark matter particles clumping together to form dark matter halos that then attract gas to form stars and galaxies.
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Defending Earth From Asteroids
Um belo ebook para você aprender tudo sobre os asteroides, aprender sobre possíveis ameaças de colisão com a Terra e como estão os planos de desviar um asteroide que possa colidir com o planeta.
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This document discusses black holes, including their properties, structure, formation, observational evidence, and role in the universe. It defines a black hole as a region of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape. Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. They distort both space and time and can grow by absorbing matter or merging with other black holes. Observational evidence of black holes includes analyzing the motion of stars around black holes, detecting x-ray emissions from accretion disks, and observing gravitational lensing. Black holes play an important role as energy recyclers in the universe and act as seeds for the formation of galaxies.
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Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope
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Grb 130606a as_a_probe_of_the_intergalactic_medium_and_the_interstelar_medium...
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Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
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Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)
- 2. Outline 2 first What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts ? - Gamma-Rays - How Can We Detect Gamma Rays ? GRBs Energy second GRBs Types third Effects of GRBs on Earth - Are They Going to Kill us ? - Did Any GRBs Hit the Earth ? last August 17th,2017 GRB and Gravitational Wave Detection last
- 3. 1- What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts ? 3 ● The brightest electromagnetic events in the universe. ● Extremely energetic explosions observed in distant galaxies. ● Lasts from ten milliseconds to several hours. ● Followed by slowly fading emission at longer wavelengths created by collisions between the burst ejecta and interstellar gas ( Afterglow ).
- 4. 4
- 5. 1.1 - Gamma-Rays ● Electromagnetic radiation ● Carry very high energy. ● A single gamma-ray photon is more energetic than a million visible photons combined ! ● DANGEROUS ?? Form of Ionizing Radiation, it can break apart atomic bonds. 5 E=hf
- 6. 1.2 - How Can We Detect Gamma-Rays ? ● Our Atmosphere (Ozone Layer O3 ) blocks 𝛾-rays. ● 𝛾-rays should be detected by spacecrafts. ● The discovery of 𝛾-ray bursts was during the cold war, when the USA sent up spy satellites to detect 𝛾-rays from soviet nuclear tests!. 6
- 8. 2- Gamma-Ray Bursts Energy ● The source of GRBs are distant galaxies. ● Incredibly energetic. 8 ☀ ● Releasing more energy in a second than the sun will, in its entire ten billion years lifetime! ● Unlike other cosmic explosions, which spread out and fade, GRBs stay focused.
- 9. 9 GRB 080319B : - Detected by swift satellite at March 19, 2008. - Peak apparent magnitude of 5.3. - Remained visible to human eyes for 30 seconds. - Occurred about 7.5 billion years ago.
- 10. “ 10 3- Types of Gamma-Ray Bursts Short 𝛾-Ray Bursts Long 𝛾-Ray Bursts Ultra-Long 𝛾-Ray Bursts Last for a few seconds Last for a minute Last more than 10,000 seconds Source : merge of 2 neutron stars in a binary. 30% of GRBs Associated with kilonovae. Source : star formation/core-collapse supernova/deaths of massive stars. More than 50% Source : collapse of a blue supergiant stars/new-born magnetar. So rare
- 11. 11 4- Effects of GRBs on Earth ● One GRB per day is detected. ● Most of these GRBs are harmless. ● Originated outside the milky way.
- 12. ● A nearby GRB could be disastrous! It would totally cook the surface of the earth. ● A distant GRB are also dangerous. It wouldn’t need to be directly pointing to us, because it would be a hundred light years wide by the time it reaches us washing over the solar system. 12
- 13. 13 ● A GRB would overwhelm the ozone layer. ● Exposed to deadly solar radiation. ● Our sattelites and power grids would all be fried. ● Because of GRBs, only 10% of all galaxies might be hospitable to life.
- 14. 4.1 - Are GRBs Going to Kill Us? 14 N0 NO No No No No No ● In a galaxy like the milky way, there may only be one GRB per million years. ● 𝛾-rays travel at the speed of light, we won’t know when it’s headed to us until it arrives!!
- 15. 15 4.2 -Did Any GRB Hit The Earth ? ● A GRB may have hit the earth about 1200 years ago. ● In 2012, scientists discovered unusually high levels of 2 particular isotopes : C Be 14 6 10 4
- 16. 16 1- Ancient Trees. Tree rings of old Japanese cedars. 2- Ancient Ice. Layers of Antarctic Ice.
- 17. 17
- 18. 18 5- August 17th, 2017 Gamma-Ray Burst and Gravitational Waves Detection. ● on Aug. 17, 2017: Scientists from U.S. and European collaborations detected a GRB that coincided with a burst of gravitational waves, followed by kilonova. ● LIGO, and Virgo team, detected gravitational waves produced by the coalescence of two neutron stars. ● Two seconds later: NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a short flash of X-rays and gamma rays from the same location in the sky.
- 19. 19 ● The gamma rays allow for a precise localization of where the gravitational waves are coming from. ● The combined information from gravitational and electromagnetic radiation allows scientists to probe the binary neutron star system.
- 20. Credits Special thanks to : ● ScienceDaily website. ● 2-days Gamma-Ray Bursts workshop at AUS (2016) 20
- 21. 21 Thanks! Any questions? You can find me at U14220199@sharjah.ac.ae