The document discusses the cosmic microwave background radiation. It was discovered in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, though first predicted in 1948. It represents the heat left over from the Big Bang and provides evidence that the universe was once much smaller, hotter, and denser. It is electromagnetic radiation that has freely streamed from an early epoch when the Universe became transparent for the first time to radiation.
this is my pdf file of the seminar which i have given in my undergraduate physics degree.
the topic was cosmic microwave background radiation. feel free to use it.
This is a self-made presentation about The Big Bang Theory (NOT the TV show :P) to be given to a lecturer and students of University level. Intended for all those to download who may have presentations to give and can't find a good enough topic :). Everyone else is free to download it for other purposes as well!!
How the concept was introduced by the astrophycists and examples that provide the base for the existence of dark matter. Basic introduction to types of dark matter according to standard cosmological theory.
this is my pdf file of the seminar which i have given in my undergraduate physics degree.
the topic was cosmic microwave background radiation. feel free to use it.
This is a self-made presentation about The Big Bang Theory (NOT the TV show :P) to be given to a lecturer and students of University level. Intended for all those to download who may have presentations to give and can't find a good enough topic :). Everyone else is free to download it for other purposes as well!!
How the concept was introduced by the astrophycists and examples that provide the base for the existence of dark matter. Basic introduction to types of dark matter according to standard cosmological theory.
Slides from my presentation at the Joint CoEPP-CAASTRO Workshop (http://www.caastro.org/event/2013/coepp), 28 February 2013. Brief overview of the evidence for dark matter in the Universe, plus discussion of challenges, hints of possible signals, and some references for further reading.
The presentation time-slot was 30 minutes + 20 minutes discussion.
This Lecture is based on Scientific Discoveries and Religious Scripture of Sikh religion " Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Surprisingly, Guru Nanak, founder of Sikh religion, was forerunner of Big Bang cosmology; his ideas on Creation of Space, Time and Universe find an echo in Big Bang Cosmological Models proposed 500 years after Guru Nanak's vision recorded in "Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Original quotes from Guru Nanak are recorded in Gurmukhi script/Fonts.
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
Hey I'm DIVYA SHREE NANDINI. I'm here with my new presentation on Black Hole. I'm sure you'll find it interesting. well first thing what is black hole- "Black hole, cosmic body of extremely intense gravity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole can be formed by the death of a massive star. When such a star has exhausted the internal thermonuclear fuels in its core at the end of its life, the core becomes unstable and gravitationally collapses inward upon itself, and the star’s outer layers are blown away. The crushing weight of constituent matter falling in from all sides compresses the dying star to a point of zero volume and infinite density called the singularity." wanna know more about it then come with me. :)
This is a presentation on Black Holes.
This covers following data about Black Hole->
>>What is Black Hole.
>>History.
>>Parts of Black Hole.
>>Classification.
>>Closest Black Hole.
>>Largest Black Hole.
Slides from my presentation at the Joint CoEPP-CAASTRO Workshop (http://www.caastro.org/event/2013/coepp), 28 February 2013. Brief overview of the evidence for dark matter in the Universe, plus discussion of challenges, hints of possible signals, and some references for further reading.
The presentation time-slot was 30 minutes + 20 minutes discussion.
This Lecture is based on Scientific Discoveries and Religious Scripture of Sikh religion " Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Surprisingly, Guru Nanak, founder of Sikh religion, was forerunner of Big Bang cosmology; his ideas on Creation of Space, Time and Universe find an echo in Big Bang Cosmological Models proposed 500 years after Guru Nanak's vision recorded in "Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Original quotes from Guru Nanak are recorded in Gurmukhi script/Fonts.
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
Hey I'm DIVYA SHREE NANDINI. I'm here with my new presentation on Black Hole. I'm sure you'll find it interesting. well first thing what is black hole- "Black hole, cosmic body of extremely intense gravity from which nothing, not even light, can escape. A black hole can be formed by the death of a massive star. When such a star has exhausted the internal thermonuclear fuels in its core at the end of its life, the core becomes unstable and gravitationally collapses inward upon itself, and the star’s outer layers are blown away. The crushing weight of constituent matter falling in from all sides compresses the dying star to a point of zero volume and infinite density called the singularity." wanna know more about it then come with me. :)
This is a presentation on Black Holes.
This covers following data about Black Hole->
>>What is Black Hole.
>>History.
>>Parts of Black Hole.
>>Classification.
>>Closest Black Hole.
>>Largest Black Hole.
Electromagnetic spectrum in Astronomy.pptxmaryammaher2
This is a presentation about a graduation project. It's includes a short intro about electromagnetic spectrum and what is it in Astronomy, the Telescopes used to measure the Radiations coming from outer Space in every region of the EM spectrum.
Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime which are created whenever objects with mass move. They were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity.[1] As gravitational waves are not created from stationary objects, they must be detected from moving systems. Sources of detectable gravitational waves include binary star systems composed of white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. 1-a. What is The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
● It is the range of all types of EM radiation
● It includes Radio wave, Microwave,
Infrared, Visible Light, Ultra-Violet Ray,
X-Rays and Gamma Rays
● From lowest energy/longest wavelength
(at the top) to highest energy/shortest
wavelength (at the bottom).
3. 1-b. What are Microwaves?
● It is a form of EM radiation
● It’s wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter
● It’s frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
- Communications and radar
- Microwave heat sources
- Natural Microwaves Sources
4. 1-c. What is meant by cosmic microwave
background radiation?
● Electromagnetic radiation from the big bang.
● I tells us that the universe was once much smaller, hotter and denser
than it is today.
● Is redshifted photons that have freely streamed from an epoch when
the Universe became transparent for the first time to radiation.
5. 2-a. How was the microwave background
radiation discovered?
● Sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background
noise, or glow, almost isotropic, that is not
associated with any star, galaxy, or other object.
6. 2-b. Who discovered it and when?
● Discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert
Wilson (Communication engineer)
● May 20,1964 it was discovered.
● first predicted in 1948 by Ralph Alpher and
Robert Herman.
● Robert Dicke and Jim Peebles they check the
prediction in 1960.
7. ● In New Jersey there’s a
loud buzzing sound
● Eliminate all possible
sources of Interference
removing some pigeons
that nesting the
antenna.
HOLMDEL HORN ANTENNA
8. 2-c. Why is it considered evidence in support of the
bigbang ?
● It Represents heat left from the big bang
explosion.
● The universe is still expanding until now.
● Any atoms were broken apart into small
particles.
● Radiation from CMB scattered off the
electrons.
9. 3. What additional internet resources did you use?
Justify your choice. Why do you think it is reliable?
● https://www.space.com/25945-cosmic-microwave-background-discovery-50th-
anniversary.html
● https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
● http://theconversation.com/the-cmb-how-an-accidental-discovery-became-the-
key-to-understanding-the-universe-45126
● Because many people rely on this sites because it answers their questions.
And because of its visitors count and reliability.It has also proofs or evidences
in a given situation. There is an author.
