The document discusses the importance of preparing students for simulation-based learning in healthcare using game-based learning theories. It outlines various contemporary theories, such as created environments, designed experiences, and socially situated cognition, to enhance crisis resource management principles. Additionally, it includes specific games used to teach these principles and acknowledges contributors to the project.

1. Games-Based Learning:
Preparing your Students for
Simulation
Eric B. Bauman, PhD, RN
Lianne Stephenson, MD
University of Wisconsin School of
Medicine and Public Health

2. Disclosures/COI
Eric B. Bauman, PhD, RN - None
Lianne Stephenson, MD - None
Neither presenter have relevant financial
disclosures or conflicts of interest

3. Why preparing students for
simulation-based learning is
so important…
w w w .pamelaheath.com/Cartoons4.htm

4. Contemporary Theories for
Game-Based-Learning
• Created Environment1
• Designed Experience2
• Socially Situated Cognition3
• Ecology of Culturally Competent Design4
Bauman 20071;Games & Bauman4; Squire, 20062 Gee, 1991,19933

5. Created Environment
• An environment that has been specifically
engineered to accurately replicate an actual
existing space. Bauman, 2007

6. Designed Experiences
• A Designed Experience is engineered to include
structured activities targeted to facilitate interactions
that drive anticipated experiences. These activities
are created to embody participant experience as
performance.
Squire 2006

7. Socially Situated Cognition
• Refers to learning theory that is
situated within a material, social, and
cultural world.
Gee,1991,1993

8. Ecology of Culturally
Competent Design
• Addresses the rigors and challenges of
accurately situating culture that emphasizes
the importance of:
– Activities
– Contexts
– Narratives
– Characters Bauman, In Press; Games and Bauman, In Press

9. We use Game-Based Learning to
teach introductory principles of Crisis
Resource Management (CRM)
w w w .pamelaheath.com/Cartoons4.htm

10. Principles in CRM
• Know Your Environment • Prevent & Manage Fixation
• Anticipate & Plan Errors
• Cross & Double Check -
• Call for Help Early
Never assume Anything!
• Exercise Leadership & • Use Cognitive Aids (and
Follower-ship assertiveness know them!)
• Distribute Workload (10 Sec • Reevaluate repeatedly
for 10 Min) • Use Good Teamwork -
• Mobilize all Available Coordinate & Support
resources • Allocate Attention Wisely
• Communicate Effectively - • Set Priorities Dynamically
Speak Up
• Use all Available Info
Gaba et al, 1993 & Gaba et al, 2001

11. Nail Game Rules
• The object of the game is to balance all of the
nails on the head of a single nail.
• All of the nails have to be balanced at the same
time and cannot touch anything but the top of the
nail that is stuck in the base. Are you up to the
challenge?

12. The Monkey & The Martini
• This game focuses on Core Processes
• Oh Yeah… We make up the rules as
we go along!

14. Blinded Leader

15. Special Thanks
• Michael Betzner, MD
• Alex Games, PhD
• Sergei Lopukin, MD
• Jeff Taekman, MD
• Students: M. Hinderaker, M Oelstrom, S.Leadley,
J. Sunbland, J. Stafani, B. Longlais
• Jone Tiffany, MS, RN http://www.nightingaleisle.blogspot.com/

16. References
Bauman, E. (2007). High fidelity simulation in healthcare. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-
Madison, United States. Dissertations & Thesis @ CIC Institutions database. (Publication no. AAT
3294196)
Bauman, E, (In Press). Virtual reality and game-based clinical education. In Gaberson, K.B., & Oermann, M.H.
(Eds) Clinical teaching strategies in nursing education (3rd ed).New York, Springer Publishing Company.
Gaba, D. M., Howard, S. K., Fish, K., Smith, B., & Sowb, Y. (2001). Simulation-based training in anesthesia
crisis resource management (ACRM): A decade of experience. Simulation & Gaming, 32(2), 175-193.
Gaba, D.M., Fish, K.J. ,and Howard, S.K. (1993). Crisis Management in Anesthesia. Churchill Livingstone.
Games, I. and Bauman, E. (In Press). Virtual worlds: An environment for cultural sensitivity education in the
health sciences. International Journal of Web Based Communities.
Gee, J.P. (2003) What Videogames Have to Teach Us Ab out Learning and Literacy. New York, NY: Palgrave-
McMillan.
Miller, R.D., Eriksson, L.I., Fleisher, L.A.., Wiender-Kronish, J.P., and Young, W.L. (Eds) (2009). Miller’s
Anesthesia, 7th Ed. Churchill Livingstone.
Squire, K. (2006). From content to context: Videogames as designed experience. Educational Researcher.
35(8), 19-29.
Taekman J.M., Segall N., Hobbs G., and Wright, M.C. (2007). 3DiTeams: Healthcare team training in a virtual
environment. Anesthesiology. 2007: 107: A2145.
Thiagarajan, S. (1992). Using games for debriefing. Simulation and Gaming, 23(2), 161-173.

17. Contact Information
• Eric B. Bauman, PhD, RN
– Email: ebauman@wisc.edu
– Linkedin: http://www.linkedin.com/in/ericbbauman
• Lianne Stephenson, MD
– Email: llstephenson@wisc.edu
Department of Anesthesiology
B6/319 CSC
600 Highland Avenue
Madison, WI 53792-3272
(608) 263-8100