Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher born in 1564 in Pisa, Italy. He taught mathematics and astronomy at universities in Pisa and Padua and made several scientific discoveries that contributed to the Scientific Revolution. Galileo supported Copernicus' theory that the Earth and planets revolve around the sun, which he defended despite facing opposition from the Catholic Church. He was tried for heresy by the Inquisition in 1633 and spent the rest of his life under house arrest, where he continued his scientific work until his death in 1642.

1. 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642 Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher GALILEO DI VICENZO BONAIUTI DE’ GALILEI