Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) was an English scientist and philosopher who made several important scientific discoveries. He discovered oxygen, invented soda water, and published over 150 works on various subjects including electricity, grammar, and religion. Despite his scientific achievements, Priestley was a religious dissenter whose controversial views led to a mob burning down his home in 1791, forcing him to flee England. He made many significant contributions to science, but also faced criticism and persecution for his religious beliefs.

1. THE ONE, THE ONLY ----------------------------------------------JOSEPH PRIESTLEY

2. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY 1733-1804 (OLD STYLE CALENDER)

3. KEY POINTS OF HIS LIFE Credited with the discovery of Oxygen Invented soda water His works on Electricity Father of Carbonation Discovered a total of 9 distinct gases Improving the English Grammar Published over 150 works!!!

4. EARLY LIFE Born in Fieldhead. Oldest of the 6 children. Learned Greek and Latin at an early age. Had tuberculosis at mid-teen. Learned 6 other languages. Privately studied geometry, algebra and mathematics. Joseph’s birthplace in Fieldhead. At the age of four he could flawlessly recite all 107 questions and answers in the Shorter Catechism.

5. EDUCATION His rich aunt sought the best education for him. The goal of his boyhood was the ministry. He learned a total of 9 languages upon reaching adulthood. Enrolled at Daventry Academy. He became a rational dissenter for he also saw the corruption of the church.

6. WARRINGTON ACADEMY Joseph assumed the post of a tutor at Warrington. He argued that the education of the young should anticipate their future practical needs. He recommended modern languages instead of classical languages and modern rather than ancient history. All of the books Priestley published while at Warrington emphasized the study of history. Was granted a Doctor of Law degree in 1764, because his lectures were just SO DARN GOOD!

7. ELECTRICITY Benjamin Franklin awakened Joseph interest in electricity. Discovered that only water and metal can conduct electricity. Came up with the idea that electrical force followed an inverse-square law JOSEPH’S WORK BECAME THE STANDARD HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY FOR OVER A CENTURY. SEVERAL FAMOUS PEOPLE ALL RELIED UPON IT. Joseph’s electrical machine

8. THIS PAGE INTENDED TO BE DANGEROUSLY INTERESTING! While in India, Joseph STUMBLED upon vegetable gum and found out that it was EXCELLENT in erasing lead-pencil marks. He was the FIRST to discover this, but he did not exploit the commercial potential of this substance, which he dubbed as ‘rubber’. New eraser on the left, older one on the right

9. Dephlogisticated Air (OXYGEN) On August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted, focused sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named Dephlogisticated air. “I have discovered an air five or six times as good as common air.” The lab where Joseph discovered Oxygen.

10. SODA WATER Joseph discovered a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide. There would be no soda pop if this was not invented.

11. Photosynthesis Joseph was the first person to observe photosynthesis. Plants restore to the air whatever breathing animals and burning candles remove (by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen). “The injury which is continually done to the atmosphere by the respiration of such a large number of animals...is, in part at least, repaired by the vegetable creation”.

12. English GRAMMAR Beneath this stone my wife doth lie: She's now at rest, and so am I -The Rudiments of English Grammar - Popular English Grammar Book written by Joseph Priestley Joseph believed that students should have a good grasp of English Grammar before learning other languages. Reprinted for over fifty years!! It’s humor may have contributed to it’s popularity. “Beneath this stone, my wife doth lie: She’s now at rest, and so am I.”

13. Dissent Joseph was a dissenter, one who disagrees in matters of opinion, beliefs, etc in the religious history of England. Dissenters separated themselves from the established churches. His works on religion were extremely controversial because many did not like dissenters. On July 14 1791, a large mob burned down Joseph and his colleague’s homes. He was forced to flee with his family. Precious manuscripts of works, some of which were as yet unpublished were burnt.

14. Legacy Priestley had been made a member of every major scientific society in the world. Was praised: "the father of modern chemistry [who] never acknowledged his daughter“. Two Schools named after him. Priestley's aim to "put the most 'advanced' Enlightenment ideas into the service of a rationalized Christianity, under the guidance of the basic principles of scientific method" The American Chemical Society named its highest honor the Priestley Medal in 1922.

15. Bibliography http://www.essortment.com/all/josephpriestly_rskm.htm http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/ci/1992/Priestley.html http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/forerunners/priestley.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_did_Joseph_Priestly_do&src=ansTT http://www.irazoo.com/SearchResults.aspx?q=joseph+priestly+inventions&Page=1 http://chronicles.dickinson.edu/encyclo/p/ed_priestleyJ.html http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Priestley.jpg http://www.cobbk12.org/pope/Resources/tutorclip.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rudiments_of_English_Grammar http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26151419