Kotkin and khanna
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1) Joel Kotkin predicts that the US population will reach 400 million by 2050, an increase of 100 million from current levels. He believes population growth will be driven by diversity and filling of currently unpopulated areas of the heartland. 2) Parag Khanna argues that countries interact in dynamic ways beyond static geopolitical borders. He cites the EU as blurring boundaries between nations and sees Russia as exemplifying this 'second world' of countries between first and third worlds. 3) Both authors provide credible analyses by drawing on knowledge of history, current trends, and reasonable projections, with Kotkin being an experienced demographer and Khanna exemplifying borderless interaction through his own background.
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Assignment 2 - Present and Future History, Second World and The Next 100 Million
This document summarizes and compares the perspectives of two books - "Second World" by Parag Khanna and "The Next Hundred Million" by Joel Kotkin. Khanna argues that the influence of the US is declining while the EU and China's power will rise. However, Kotkin believes that continued immigration will revitalize the US by bringing its population to over 200 million within 50 years, maintaining its status as a young, vibrant country through diversity and entrepreneurship. While the books have differing viewpoints, the document concludes Kotkin's vision aligns more closely with America's history of renewal through immigration.
Khanna & kotkin
1) Parag Khanna is an Indian-born researcher who studies second world countries and argues that whichever superpower brings most of these countries into its economic and political union will be most successful.
2) Joel Kotkin is an American urban researcher who argues that the US population will grow by 100 million by 2050 due to immigration and birthrates, maintaining its diversity and superpower status through innovation and new work from home technologies.
3) Both authors discuss the competition between the US, EU and China to gain influence over second world nations through economic and political ties rather than military force.
Themes from the next hundred million by joel
1) Kotkin believes that America's population will grow to 400 million people by 2050, driven mainly by growth in Asian and Hispanic populations.
2) Major US cities like Los Angeles will continue growing, and suburban communities with both urban and rural characteristics will emerge across the country.
3) Racial barriers will diminish and non-Hispanic whites will become a minority by 2050, though family, community, and religion will remain important American values.
World News, Foreign Policy and International Affairs
1) With Iranian involvement against ISIS in Tikrit and Saudi invasion of Yemen, the Middle East has entered a new war according to a former MI-6 agent.
2) A senior fellow at Brookings notes that globalization creates awareness of opportunities elsewhere.
3) A philosopher from China says Singapore has become more compassionate, with people helping disadvantaged members of society.
Parag Vs Kotkin: Fight!
The document summarizes and compares the perspectives of two books: The Second World by Parag Khanna and The Next Hundred Million by Joel Kotkin. Khanna has a negative view of America's future, believing history will repeat itself, while Kotkin is more optimistic. Kotkin believes nations progress through cultural intermingling and sees America's increasing population through immigration and birthrates as a positive sign. Both books present differing views on America's future but overall paint a clearer picture than before, with the conclusion being that as long as America continues to change and adapt, resisting stagnation, it will remain strong despite challenges from other global powers.
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The document outlines key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States from the late 19th to early 20th century. It discusses the roots of progressivism in urban reform efforts and its growth at local, state, and national political levels. Three progressive US presidents from this era, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson, are mentioned. Women's suffrage and issues of gender equality and working women are covered as part of women and progressivism. The document also summarizes blacks and progressivism, noting race relations, Jim Crow laws, and civil rights organizations formed in this period. Finally, it briefly outlines immigration trends and groups that immigrated to the US during the Progressive Era.
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This document discusses the transformation of American values over time from Native American and Protestant influences to more secular influences in the 21st century. It also discusses how deregulation and financial mechanisms in the 1970s and 1980s contributed to economic growth but also greater boom and bust cycles. The political gridlock in the US is presented as a result of conflicts between economic interests rather than policies. The document argues that political, economic, and cultural renewal is needed and that relational thinking can help with cultural renewal.
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Slides from a presentation of the Field Guide to Fake News given by myself, Jonathan Gray, Michele Mauri and Angeles Briones at the launch event which took place on 7 April 2017 at the International Journalism Festival in Perugia.
More about the launch event can be found here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/04/07/a-field-guide-to-fake-news-launch-international-journalism-festival-perugia/
The field guide can be accessed at: https://fakenews.publicdatalab.org/
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This document summarizes and compares the perspectives of two books - "Second World" by Parag Khanna and "The Next Hundred Million" by Joel Kotkin. Khanna argues that the influence of the US is declining while the EU and China's power will rise. However, Kotkin believes that continued immigration will revitalize the US by bringing its population to over 200 million within 50 years, maintaining its status as a young, vibrant country through diversity and entrepreneurship. While the books have differing viewpoints, the document concludes Kotkin's vision aligns more closely with America's history of renewal through immigration.
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1) Parag Khanna is an Indian-born researcher who studies second world countries and argues that whichever superpower brings most of these countries into its economic and political union will be most successful.
2) Joel Kotkin is an American urban researcher who argues that the US population will grow by 100 million by 2050 due to immigration and birthrates, maintaining its diversity and superpower status through innovation and new work from home technologies.
3) Both authors discuss the competition between the US, EU and China to gain influence over second world nations through economic and political ties rather than military force.
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1) Kotkin believes that America's population will grow to 400 million people by 2050, driven mainly by growth in Asian and Hispanic populations.
2) Major US cities like Los Angeles will continue growing, and suburban communities with both urban and rural characteristics will emerge across the country.
3) Racial barriers will diminish and non-Hispanic whites will become a minority by 2050, though family, community, and religion will remain important American values.
World News, Foreign Policy and International Affairs
1) With Iranian involvement against ISIS in Tikrit and Saudi invasion of Yemen, the Middle East has entered a new war according to a former MI-6 agent.
2) A senior fellow at Brookings notes that globalization creates awareness of opportunities elsewhere.
3) A philosopher from China says Singapore has become more compassionate, with people helping disadvantaged members of society.
Parag Vs Kotkin: Fight!
The document summarizes and compares the perspectives of two books: The Second World by Parag Khanna and The Next Hundred Million by Joel Kotkin. Khanna has a negative view of America's future, believing history will repeat itself, while Kotkin is more optimistic. Kotkin believes nations progress through cultural intermingling and sees America's increasing population through immigration and birthrates as a positive sign. Both books present differing views on America's future but overall paint a clearer picture than before, with the conclusion being that as long as America continues to change and adapt, resisting stagnation, it will remain strong despite challenges from other global powers.
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The document outlines key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States from the late 19th to early 20th century. It discusses the roots of progressivism in urban reform efforts and its growth at local, state, and national political levels. Three progressive US presidents from this era, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson, are mentioned. Women's suffrage and issues of gender equality and working women are covered as part of women and progressivism. The document also summarizes blacks and progressivism, noting race relations, Jim Crow laws, and civil rights organizations formed in this period. Finally, it briefly outlines immigration trends and groups that immigrated to the US during the Progressive Era.
How governance became unethical
This document discusses the transformation of American values over time from Native American and Protestant influences to more secular influences in the 21st century. It also discusses how deregulation and financial mechanisms in the 1970s and 1980s contributed to economic growth but also greater boom and bust cycles. The political gridlock in the US is presented as a result of conflicts between economic interests rather than policies. The document argues that political, economic, and cultural renewal is needed and that relational thinking can help with cultural renewal.
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Slides from a presentation of the Field Guide to Fake News given by myself, Jonathan Gray, Michele Mauri and Angeles Briones at the launch event which took place on 7 April 2017 at the International Journalism Festival in Perugia.
More about the launch event can be found here: http://lilianabounegru.org/2017/04/07/a-field-guide-to-fake-news-launch-international-journalism-festival-perugia/
The field guide can be accessed at: https://fakenews.publicdatalab.org/
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Us debt crisis
The document discusses whether the US should raise its debt ceiling. It provides background on the current US debt level of $14.29 trillion, which is 96% of GDP. It then explains why the US has historically been able to accumulate so much debt due to the dollar being the global reserve currency. Finally, it outlines the issues that could arise both if the US does raise its debt ceiling, such as inflation, and if it does not, such as defaulting on payments and a stock market decline.
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Struggle and survival1
Martin Ocelotl was an Aztec priest who was imprisoned by Spaniards for his predictions but later released when they came true. After converting to Christianity, he tried to help native peoples but was seen as an enemy. He was publicly humiliated as punishment. Isabel Moctezuma was the daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II. After his death, she married five times and became a model of a native who adopted Hispanic culture. Antonio de Gouveia was an Azorean priest accused of witchcraft during the Spanish Inquisition and sentenced to forced labor. Diego Vasicuito was a clever native priest who distracted clergy and kept his traditional beliefs, refusing to convert even at age 90
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Themes from the next hundred million by joel
1) Kotkin believes that America's population will grow to 400 million people by 2050, driven mainly by growth in Asian and Hispanic populations.
2) Major US cities like Los Angeles will continue growing, while interior "heartland" regions will also see population growth as people seek more mixed urban-rural environments.
3) Racial diversity and barriers will decrease significantly, with non-Hispanic whites becoming a minority after 2050, though family, community, and religion will remain important cultural foundations.
Book report final wikki posting
1) Joel Kotkin is an economist and demographer who predicts that the US population will reach 400 million by 2050 due to diversity and adaptability.
2) Kotkin argues that new important economic cities will rise as the population grows, while currently dominant cities may decline, and that the US has sufficient resources to support a larger population.
3) Parag Khanna's book "The Second World" argues that geographical changes will create new "second world" regions between the current first and third worlds, such as parts of the Middle East, Latin America, Asia, and Europe.
Book report 2
The document summarizes key points from multiple books about future population and cultural trends in the United States and geopolitical forces in the world by 2050:
1) One author discusses how the US population will grow to the next hundred million people, with Asian and Hispanic populations becoming more prominent and whites disappearing.
2) Saving the planet through renewable energy is another important factor, with people driving electric cars and reducing individual transportation.
3) The world will be controlled by the US, Europe, and China competing for influence over third world countries through military, economic, and unconditional relationships.
1). In The Sources of Soviet Conduct George Kennan (under the al.docx
1).
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As we face up to the costs both of fundamentalist terrorism and of fighting it, must we not ask ourselves how it is that when we see religion colonize every other realm of human life we call it theocracy and turn up our noses at the odor of tyranny; and when we see politics colonize every other realm of human life we call it absolutism and tremble at the prospect of totalitarianism; but when we see market relations and commercial consumerism try to colonize every other realm of human life we call it liberty and celebrate its triumph? There are too many John Walkers who begin by seeking a refuge from the aggressive secularist materialism of their suburban lives and end up slipping into someone else’s dark conspiracy to rid the earth of materialism’s infidels. If such men are impoverished and without hope as well, they become prime recruits for jihad."
First, does a market based society alienate those marginalized from it; and if so, then is this a sufficient condition to foment terrorism, whether based on Islam or more domestic variants found in the U.S.?
3). Huntington writes, "It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerflil actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future."
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The document discusses Samuel Huntington's theory of a "multicivilizational system" consisting of three phases: separation of civilizations, Western dominance, and a revolt against the West leading to resurgence of other civilizations. It argues Huntington was correct by citing China's economic growth reducing US influence and the rise of ISIS countering Western influence in Iraq. It predicts China will become the dominant economic power, Russia the military power, and the US will lose power due to becoming a multicultural nation unable to present a unified front, while Islam and cultural conflicts increase tensions globally.
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The document summarizes key points from two books: The Second World by Parag Khanna and The Next Hundred Million by Joel Kotkin. For Khanna's book, it discusses how the U.S. needs to become more active in international relations and make agreements with other countries to gain profits and better foreign relations. For Kotkin's book, it predicts that over the next 40 years, the U.S. population will grow by 100 million people, minority groups will become the majority, and the Hispanic population will be the largest ethnicity. Kotkin believes growth within communities and cooperation between all Americans and countries will help the U.S. prosper.
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The United States is the chief executive organization of the world capital empire. It is in the United States that the fascist state stands in defense of globalized capitalism. The United States Government carries out drone killings, occupies foreign countries, creates and supports terrorist guerrillas around the world, such as the Islamic State. The United States government oppresses and investigates its own domestic population. It does all this for service, not for nationalist aggrandizement, but at the service of global capital.
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By 2050, the US population is projected to grow to 400 million people, with growth occurring mostly among racial minorities like Asians and Hispanics. The 10 largest metro areas like Los Angeles and Houston will see the most growth. New suburban areas will also grow and be more racially diverse. The US, EU, and China will be the three superpowers competing for global influence and access to energy and resources in different parts of the world. China is positioned to surpass the US as the leading global power due to its large population and economic growth. The future of US global dominance is uncertain as other powers rise. The EU also has the potential to become more independent as a global power.
The next hundred million by joel kotkin
By 2050, the US population is projected to grow to 400 million people, with growth occurring mostly among racial minorities like Asians and Hispanics. The 10 largest metro areas like Los Angeles and Houston will see the most growth. New suburban areas will also grow and be more racially diverse. The US, EU, and China will be the three superpowers competing for global influence and access to energy and resources in different parts of the world. China is positioned to surpass the US as the leading global power due to its large population and economic growth. The future of US global dominance is uncertain as other powers rise. The EU also has the potential to become more independent as a global power through policies that integrate its members and
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1) Hegemonic Stability Theory argues the US remains the sole superpower and global stabilizer, challenged by rising China and Russia.
2) Hegemonic Competition Theory sees confrontation between rising China and incumbent US, analogous to Athens vs Sparta.
3) Hegemonic Decline Theory views the current period as one of instability like the decline of British power after WWI.
4) Realist Theory focuses on great power politics among major countries like the US, China, EU, Russia, and India.
5) Multilateralist Theory, which the author favors, argues only global cooperation through institutions like the UN can solve global issues.
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Personal History
The document summarizes the person's favorite things such as music, dance, books, singing, and animals. It also lists previous employment as a piano teacher giving private lessons. It then describes experiences from a choral competition in San Francisco, noting that the city has crazy drivers, it's cold in early spring, and people are willing to donate to kids singing in parks. The next section lists the origins of various clothing items and products.
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Gerard Stuckart has over 15 years of experience in environmental health and safety management. He is skilled in regulatory compliance, incident investigation, auditing programs, and implementing corporate safety visions. Stuckart has held safety management roles at Florida Public Utilities Co. and Hyperion Energy, where he improved safety procedures, regulatory compliance, and executive reporting. He now owns Gold Coast Safety Solutions, which provides safety consulting and training services.
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This document is a 2010 catalogue for branded cosmetics from MAC, Benefit, and GHD. It features a wide range of eyeshadow palettes, pigments, blushes, mascaras, lip products, and accessories from MAC. It also includes gift sets from Benefit and single items such as BADgal mascara. Hair tools include limited edition pink, purple, and black GHD hair stylers. The catalogue explains that customers can order straight from the manufacturers to get discounted wholesale prices, with minimum orders occurring monthly through September 2010.
Us debt crisis
The document discusses whether the US should raise its debt ceiling. It provides background on the current US debt level of $14.29 trillion, which is 96% of GDP. It then explains why the US has historically been able to accumulate so much debt due to the dollar being the global reserve currency. Finally, it outlines the issues that could arise both if the US does raise its debt ceiling, such as inflation, and if it does not, such as defaulting on payments and a stock market decline.
Services marketing
ConsumerLand is a place where consumers are presented with many choices of products, as over 58,000 new products are introduced worldwide each year and $285 billion is spent on advertising. However, 81% of consumers cannot name one of the top 50 products, showing that the abundance of options may be overwhelming. To be successful, companies must break through the clutter to reach and empower consumers, who trust other consumers over brands, as word of mouth is a more influential information source than advertisements.
Struggle and survival1
Martin Ocelotl was an Aztec priest who was imprisoned by Spaniards for his predictions but later released when they came true. After converting to Christianity, he tried to help native peoples but was seen as an enemy. He was publicly humiliated as punishment. Isabel Moctezuma was the daughter of the Aztec emperor Moctezuma II. After his death, she married five times and became a model of a native who adopted Hispanic culture. Antonio de Gouveia was an Azorean priest accused of witchcraft during the Spanish Inquisition and sentenced to forced labor. Diego Vasicuito was a clever native priest who distracted clergy and kept his traditional beliefs, refusing to convert even at age 90
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Rural consumers in India tend to be more brand loyal and make purchasing decisions as a family rather than individually. They rely more on word-of-mouth recommendations than media due to limited access to electricity, television, and distribution channels in many rural areas. However, rural India represents a significant portion of the total Indian population and consumption, with over 70% of Indians living in rural areas that account for over half of total FMCG and durables spending.
Uv slides
The document discusses the need to close three costly gaps: the skills gap between what employers require and job seekers possess, the career planning gap, and the training gap. It proposes a competency management platform to address these gaps by providing validated skill profiles for job seekers and employers, assessments to identify skills, and training solutions aligned to skills needed for in-demand jobs. This would help employers make better hiring decisions while providing job seekers a way to demonstrate their qualifications and identify paths to address skills gaps.
8人の匠によるテスト戦略20080918
2008年9月19日に東京，目黒雅叙園にて行われた技術評論社主催「エンジニア キャリアアップ セミナー」の第二弾「ソフトウェアテストセミナー」http://gihyo.jp/news/report/01/test-seminner/0004
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1) Kotkin believes that America's population will grow to 400 million people by 2050, driven mainly by growth in Asian and Hispanic populations.
2) Major US cities like Los Angeles will continue growing, while interior "heartland" regions will also see population growth as people seek more mixed urban-rural environments.
3) Racial diversity and barriers will decrease significantly, with non-Hispanic whites becoming a minority after 2050, though family, community, and religion will remain important cultural foundations.
Book report final wikki posting
1) Joel Kotkin is an economist and demographer who predicts that the US population will reach 400 million by 2050 due to diversity and adaptability.
2) Kotkin argues that new important economic cities will rise as the population grows, while currently dominant cities may decline, and that the US has sufficient resources to support a larger population.
3) Parag Khanna's book "The Second World" argues that geographical changes will create new "second world" regions between the current first and third worlds, such as parts of the Middle East, Latin America, Asia, and Europe.
Book report 2
The document summarizes key points from multiple books about future population and cultural trends in the United States and geopolitical forces in the world by 2050:
1) One author discusses how the US population will grow to the next hundred million people, with Asian and Hispanic populations becoming more prominent and whites disappearing.
2) Saving the planet through renewable energy is another important factor, with people driving electric cars and reducing individual transportation.
3) The world will be controlled by the US, Europe, and China competing for influence over third world countries through military, economic, and unconditional relationships.
1). In The Sources of Soviet Conduct George Kennan (under the al.docx
1).
In "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" George Kennan (under the alias "X") argues that the United States was fundamentally challenged as a nation-state by the Soviet Union. In trying to account for Soviet conduct, Kennan says a lot about the nature of the United States and its role in the world. Indeed, at the end of the essay he implies that the U.S. holds a moral and political leadership over the rest of the world. Kennan's view of the U.S. is both popular within U.S. politics and as relevant today as it was in the 1947. What can we draw from Kennan to better understand the U.S. role in the world today; and what elements of Kennan's analysis pose challenges to global governance?
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First, does a market based society alienate those marginalized from it; and if so, then is this a sufficient condition to foment terrorism, whether based on Islam or more domestic variants found in the U.S.?
3). Huntington writes, "It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerflil actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future."
Do you agree with Huntington's hypothesis? Why or why not?
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The document discusses Samuel Huntington's theory of a "multicivilizational system" consisting of three phases: separation of civilizations, Western dominance, and a revolt against the West leading to resurgence of other civilizations. It argues Huntington was correct by citing China's economic growth reducing US influence and the rise of ISIS countering Western influence in Iraq. It predicts China will become the dominant economic power, Russia the military power, and the US will lose power due to becoming a multicultural nation unable to present a unified front, while Islam and cultural conflicts increase tensions globally.
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The document summarizes key points from two books: The Second World by Parag Khanna and The Next Hundred Million by Joel Kotkin. For Khanna's book, it discusses how the U.S. needs to become more active in international relations and make agreements with other countries to gain profits and better foreign relations. For Kotkin's book, it predicts that over the next 40 years, the U.S. population will grow by 100 million people, minority groups will become the majority, and the Hispanic population will be the largest ethnicity. Kotkin believes growth within communities and cooperation between all Americans and countries will help the U.S. prosper.
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The United States is the chief executive organization of the world capital empire. It is in the United States that the fascist state stands in defense of globalized capitalism. The United States Government carries out drone killings, occupies foreign countries, creates and supports terrorist guerrillas around the world, such as the Islamic State. The United States government oppresses and investigates its own domestic population. It does all this for service, not for nationalist aggrandizement, but at the service of global capital.
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By 2050, the US population is projected to grow to 400 million people, with growth occurring mostly among racial minorities like Asians and Hispanics. The 10 largest metro areas like Los Angeles and Houston will see the most growth. New suburban areas will also grow and be more racially diverse. The US, EU, and China will be the three superpowers competing for global influence and access to energy and resources in different parts of the world. China is positioned to surpass the US as the leading global power due to its large population and economic growth. The future of US global dominance is uncertain as other powers rise. The EU also has the potential to become more independent as a global power.
The next hundred million by joel kotkin
By 2050, the US population is projected to grow to 400 million people, with growth occurring mostly among racial minorities like Asians and Hispanics. The 10 largest metro areas like Los Angeles and Houston will see the most growth. New suburban areas will also grow and be more racially diverse. The US, EU, and China will be the three superpowers competing for global influence and access to energy and resources in different parts of the world. China is positioned to surpass the US as the leading global power due to its large population and economic growth. The future of US global dominance is uncertain as other powers rise. The EU also has the potential to become more independent as a global power through policies that integrate its members and
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This document discusses different theories of current geopolitics:
1) Hegemonic Stability Theory argues the US remains the sole superpower and global stabilizer, challenged by rising China and Russia.
2) Hegemonic Competition Theory sees confrontation between rising China and incumbent US, analogous to Athens vs Sparta.
3) Hegemonic Decline Theory views the current period as one of instability like the decline of British power after WWI.
4) Realist Theory focuses on great power politics among major countries like the US, China, EU, Russia, and India.
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Kotkin and khanna
- 1. Kotkin and Khanna Hawkins, Crystal M History 141 Final
- 2. The Next Hundred Million Joel Kotkin uses his book to make a not-so-wild prediction. By the year 2050, the population of the United States will have reached four hundred million people. That is one hundred million more people than currently residing in the States. This view is drawn from both observations of past population booms and busts, growth and movement, as well as current trends. He claims that, due to current diversity, people will simply adapt. Although they may grow to be a bit more competitive.
- 3. The Next Hundred Million Kotkin shows further that this increase in population will not lead to over crowding. Instead, the heartland of the United States will simply be filled in where it is currently vastly unpopulated. He further believes that this massive boom will drive the United States further as a worldwide power. The European Union is not seen to be as flexible as the United States, Russia is loosing much of it’s population, and China is seen mistakenly as exceeding the population of the United States.
- 4. The Next Hundred Million Joel Kotkin has an impressive range of knowledge in his chosen field as an economist and demographer. He is a presidential fellow of Chapman University, writes a weekly column for Forbes.com, and is regularly featured in the Wall Street Journal and News Week. He pulls his views both from knowledge of the past, observations of the present, and reasonable predictions of the future.
- 5. Second World ParagKhanna places a dynamic and shifting view on the world. He looks at countries and nations without their geopolitically drawn borders and boundaries to see what they act like, where they interact, and how they really fit and work with each other and on their own. He references geopolitical changes in the past for possibilities of change in the future. Many vital places referenced include the Middle East and Latin America.
- 6. Second World Among other things, Khanna shows this growing lack of real boundaries in the continual expansion of the European Union. He paints Russia as a prime example of what the ‘second world’ (a ground somewhere between first and third worlds) will be. He also explains that the dominant world powers will try coercing people through persuasion, protection, and other benefits.
- 7. Second World ParagKhanna is an example of this borderless world. In 1977, Khanna was born in India. He has studied both in the United States at Georgetown University, as well as in Berlin, Germany, at Freie University. As a further example of a changing world, Khanna speaks five languages and studies international affairs.