A basic description of gait cycle and the factors determining the gait.
Gait is the pattern of walking so it has the sequence of events happening with the process.
This slide share contains the events that happens during walking.
gait cycle consists of stance phase and swing phase.
Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
The History of SWD
Production, Generation, Method of Application, Patient Preparation, Physiologcal and therapeutic effects, Indications, Contraindications daners of SWD, and Evidence Based Practice.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
The History of SWD
Production, Generation, Method of Application, Patient Preparation, Physiologcal and therapeutic effects, Indications, Contraindications daners of SWD, and Evidence Based Practice.
Human Gait Cycle and its Biomechanical EvaluationRishiRajgude
The gait cycle is a highly coordinated process involving the interaction of various muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints to facilitate efficient and stable locomotion. Understanding the components and timing of the gait cycle is crucial for assessing normal and abnormal walking patterns, diagnosing gait disorders, and designing effective interventions to improve mobility and function.
Waddling gait- definition|role of muscle|gait analysis|kinematic and spatiote...jasna ok
This powerpoint is about WADDLING GAIT,muscle that cause waddling gait , its causes, reasons for why this gait is called duck gait and pregnancy gait, gait analysis , and its physical therapy treatment
As a runner transitions through the gait cycle, which comprises distinct phases such as initial contact, midstance, terminal stance, and swing, various biomechanical factors come into play which are different from the normal gait cycle.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. Gait cycle
Stance phase
- period when the reference limb is in contact with the ground
-constitutes 60% of gait cycle
Swing phase
-period when the limb is off the ground.
- constitutes 40% of gait cycle
3. Phases of gait cycle:
as per Rancho los amigos
Stance phase
initial contact
loading response
mid stance
terminal stance
pre-swing
Swing phase
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing
4.
5. Stance phase
Initial contact
beginning of stance when heel or some other portion of foot
contacts ground.
component of double limb stance.
Loading response
body weight rapidly loads onto lead limb from trailing limb.
hip remains stable, knee flexes to absorb shock and forefoot lowers the
ground.
ends when opposite limb lifts from ground for swing.
6. Mid stance
• starts when the contralateral foot lifts from the ground for swing.
• trunk progresses from behind to in front of ankle single stable limb.
• first half of single limb support.
7. Terminal stance
• trunk continues forward progression relative to foot.
• heel rises from the ground.
• second half of single limb support.
• ends with contralateral initial contact.
8. Pre swing
body weight rapidly unloads from reference limb.
reference limb prepares for swing
starts with contralateral initial contact and ends at ipsilateral limb toe off.
9. Swing phase
Initial swing:
• starts when the reference foot lifts from the ground.
• hip ,knee and ankle rapidly flex for clearing the ground.
Mid swing
• knee begins to extend, tibia becomes vertical,and ankle achieves
neutral posture.
10. Terminal swing
knee achieves maximal extension, ankle remains neutral
ends when heel contacts the ground.
12. Determinants of gait
There is the coordinated movement of the trunk, upper limb, head to
render the good gait pattern.
The components are:
1. Lateral pelvic tilt.
2. Knee flexion.
3 . Knee, ankle, foot interaction.
4. Pelvic forward and backward rotation.
5. Physiological valgus of knee
13. Lateral pelvic tilt
During the midstance period the COG reaches the peak level and the total
body is supported by one lower extremity.
To reduce the COG level, opposite side, i.e. swing phase pelvis tilts
laterally. So that the COG comes little down.
Result: Lateral pelvic tilt helps to reduce the COG level during the
midstance period.
14. Knee flexion
helps to reduce the COG level during the midstance period.
If the swinging lower extremity knee remains in extended position, the
COG still more increases in the midstance phase.
Result: Knee flexion helps to reduce the COG level during the midstance
period.
15. Knee ankle foot interaction
The knee, ankle-foot interaction prevent the abrupt hike of the upward
displacement of the COG when the foot passes from the heel strike to foot
flat.
Normally, after the heel strike huge upward displacement of COG occurs.
To reduce that, there is some interaction between the knee, ankle, foot
takes place (Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion, foot pronation) and also
the same interaction takes place during the midstance to heel off.
After the midstance there is sudden dropping of COG. To maintain the
sudden drop of COG there is some changes happening in the knee, ankle
and foot (ankle plantar flexion, knee extension, foot supination).
16. Forward and backward rotation of
pelvis
The forward rotation occurs during the relative extremity in swing phase.
The forward rotation starts during the initial swing and ends in terminal
swing.
During the midswing the pelvis comes to the neutral position, meanwhile
opposite pelvis goes for backward rotation.
17. After the midstance there will be sudden dropping of the COG level.
The forward and backward rotations help to prevent further reduction of
the COG level.
During deceleration the lower extremity lengthens and the same time the
stance phase lower extremity (midstance) also relatively lengthened
The same time lengthening of both the lower extremities prevent the
further reduction of the COG.
18. The lengthening of the legs is possible due to the forward and backward
rotation of the pelvis.
Result: Forward and backward rotations help to minimize the hyper-
reduction of the COG.
19. Physiological valgus
Generally, during walking forward placing leg will have mild-knee valgus is
called as physiological valgus, but the vertical alignment of the limb
(Vertical alignment of the tibia and fibula) provides more BOS than the
normally placed limb.
To overcome from the reduced BOS by the physiological valgus, i.e.
normally placed limb, the lateral shifting of the body occurs to shift the
COG from one lower extremity to another.
20. Important questions:
Gait deviations
Phases of swing phases of gait cycle
Kinetics and kinematics of the gait
Stance phase of gait cycle
Determinants of gait
Energy expenditure during gait
Spatial and temporal variables of gait
