PCB

4. A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects
electronic components using conductive tracks, pads, and other features etched from
copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. A printed circuit board has
pre-designed copper tracks on a conducting sheet. The pre-defined tracks reduce the
wiring, thereby reducing the faults arising due to loose connections. One simply needs
to place the components on the PCB and solder them.
What is PCB?
Copper
Substrate

5. In PCB designing, we should not focus only on the size of the pathways linking to the other
component, but also on the types, kinds, and characteristics of component. Here are the
other design factors needed:
1. PCB size and shape. The PCB must be big enough for the entire component to be
mounted where it is anticipated.
2. Position of the Terminal. Input, output and supply voltage if possible should be placed
near the border for easier way during troubleshooting or minor repair.
3. High Temperature Dissipation. Too much heat is the number one problem of all
components. Bigger space is needed so that heat sink can be provided to the component.
This will protect the component from burning up.
PCB Designing

6. 4. Accessibility of Components. This component that is adjustable or
variable (example: potentiometer, trimmer resistor or capacitor) should be
placed near the border to make the troubleshooting or minor repair easier.
5. Space for Bolt and Nut. The designer should place an allowance for
mounting the PCB with bolt and nut in securing the entire board to the
chassis.
6. Different Types of Circuit should be grouped according to its application.
This will enhance the circuit operation and will prevent it from distortion
generated by other circuit.

7. In every electronic activity specially PCB layout can be performed (using
CAD ) or in combination with an Autorouter, The results are usually still
achieved using at least some manual routing – simply because the design
engineer has a far better judgement of how arrange circuitry.Surprisingly,
many autorouted boards are often illogical in track routing – the program has
optimized the connections an sacrificed any small amount of order that may
have been put in place by manual routing. Generally autorouted boards are
somewhat harder for a technician to repair debug; for this reason. Historically,
PCBs used to be laid out by using stick on paper shapes and ape on mylar
drafting film, - that really WAS manual routing.
PCB Layout

8. Printed Circuit Board Etching is where the excess copper is removed to leave the individual
tracks or traces as they are sometimes called. Buckets, bubble tanks, and spray machines
are tools to do different ways of etching but most firms currently use high pressure
conveyors spray equipment. Spray etching is fast Ammoniacal etching solutions when
sprayed can etch 55 microns of copper a minute. Less than 40 seconds to etch a standard 1
oz, 35 micron circuit board. It is the removal of unwanted portion or layer of conductive
materials (that is copper) bonded to an insulating base called substrate. By using a chemical
reaction to the copper called ferric chloride, it liquefies the uncovered surfaces of the
designed copper clad board that creates a PCB.
PCB ETCHING

9. Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill beat to cut a hole of circular
cross section in solid material, the drill beat is rotary cutting tools, often
multi point, the beat is pressed against the work piece and rotated at
rates from hundreds to thousands of revolution per minute. This forces
the cuttingedge against the work piece, cutting off chips (swarf) from the
hole as it is drilled. Exceptionally, specially-shaped bits can cut holes of
non-circular cross-section; a square cross-section is possible.
PCB Drilling

10. Procedures in Making
Printed Circuit Board

11. Prepare the materials, tools, and equipment needed in making a
printed circuit board.
1

12. Cut a piece of board with the size of the circuit plus about 3mm
per side using a utility knife.
2

13. Prepare the schematic diagram of the circuit.
UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY
3

14. Make the PCB design. Arrange the components terminals
on a piece of paper to show/illustrate the interconnection
of the components based on the schematic diagram given.
4

15. Interconnect the traces to the pads/terminals of the
components depending on the connections of the
components to one another.
5

16. Cover the copper board of a tape then using a pencil or
marker design your own PCB layout. Follow the procedure
on how to trace the path of the connection traces from the
schematic diagram.
6

17. Remove the excessive tapes using a utility knife,
only the planned out layout will be left.
7

18. Pour the ferric chloride in the plastic basin
8

19. Etch the PCB by immersing it in a basin filled with ferric
chloride until the uncovered part of the copper clad is
totally etched.
9

20. After 10 - 15 minutes, check the PCB if all the parts needed to be
removed are totally etched (using the tweezers in hauling). If not yet,
return it into the plastic basin filled with ferric chloride. After 3 - 5
minutes check it again.
10

21. Haul the PCB from the plastic basin using a tweezers.
With a clean and dry piece of cloth wipe the wet PCB.
11

22. Remove the tape then rub the board with fine sand paper
to remove the rust remains on the copper board and polish
the copper to give it better appearance.
12

23. Mark where the holes are to be drilled. Using the mini
drill, bore hole perpendicularly to the surface of the PCB.
13

24. Clean the surface of the PCB.
14

26. 1.A board that is open with electronic components is mounted and soldered.
A. Circuit board C. Electromagnetic interference
B. Electromagnetic compatibility D. Printed Circuit board
2.If the step 1 is to prepare the materials, tools, and equipment needed in making a printed
circuit board then to cut a piece of copper clad board with the size of the circuit is in step ?.
A.Step 2 C. Step 8
B. Step 5 D. Step 10
3.Thea wants to avoid shorting the traces of the connections, what should she do to protect
the component from burning up?
A. No spacing for components is utilized.
B. It should be on top of the other components.
C. Bigger space is needed so that heat sink can be provided to the component.
D. Smaller space is needed so that heat sink can be provided to the component.
Multiple Choice

27. 4.Jin finishes his layout on PCB ,what should be his next step?
A. Pour the ferric chloride in the plastic basin
B. Prepare the schematic diagram of the circuit.
C. Cover the copper board of a tape then using a pencil or marker design your
own PCB layout.
D. Etch the PCB by immersing it in a basin filled with ferric chloride until the
uncovered part of the copper clad is totally etched.
5.Kiko wants to remove the unwanted copper in the PCB ,what methods should
she use?
A.PCB Cutting C.PCB Drilling
B.PCB Designing D.PCB Etching
6. Which of the following chemical solution used in PCB Etching?
A. Ferric chloride C. Substrate
D. Sand paper D. Toner

28. 7.Akeisha cleaned the terminal of the component using the fine sand paper
before it soldered to the PCB. What do you call the status where excessive heat
is the number one problem of all components?
A. To attract more charges.
B.To maximize the desired voltages.
C. To attract electrons, protons, and neutrons.
D. To maximize the desired voltages. To remove the insulator so that
soldering can be made easily.
8. What are the safety equipment and use when we do the process of etching?
A. Hairnet, goggles, tweezers C. Mask, gloves, apron, tweezers
B. Goggles, gloves D. Tweezers

29. 9.At least how many minutes the PCB is in the basin with acid?
A.2-3 minutes C.8-10 minutes
B.5-8 minutes D.10-15 minutes
10. Grace needs to bore holes in the PCB, which of the following
tools should she use?
A. Mini-drill C. Soldering Iron
B. Metal files D. Wire Stripper

31. 1.D
2.A
3.C
4.C
5.D
6.A
7.D
8.C
9.D
10.A

33. Prepared By: Mary Joy D.
Gabuna TM LEVEL 1