This document provides a lesson on using modal verbs to express prohibition, obligation, and permission. It defines each use of modals and provides examples. The lesson objectives are for students to be able to use appropriate modal verbs in different situations, express prohibition, obligation and permission with modals, and understand the importance of proper modal use. The document outlines activities for students to complete in groups involving applying modal verb concepts through songs, slogans, and tableaus. It establishes criteria for evaluating the group presentations and provides additional exercises for students to practice identifying and constructing sentences using modal verbs.

1. MOTIVATION
• SHOW THE STUDENTS SOME PICTURES.

2. SIGNS
You mustn’t use mobile phones inside the classroom.

3. Why is cell phone prohibited inside the
classroom?
• Because cell phone can lead to classroom distraction

4. You can’t smoke in this area.

5. You mustn’t throw garbage
anywhere.

6. What do you think are the highlighted words?
• You mustn’t use mobile phones inside
the classroom.
• You can’t smoke in this area.
• You mustn’t throw garbage anywhere.

7. MODALS:
PROHIBITION,
OBLIGATION AND
PERMISSION

8. Lesson Objectives
• At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Use appropriate modal verbs in different situations;
2. Express permission, obligation and prohibition using appropriate modals;
and
3. Give the importance of using modals properly.

9. MODALS:
PROHIBITION, OBLIGATION AND
PERMISSION

10. MODAL
•This verb form is use to express a
degree of certainty about an
outcome or the possibility of
something.

11. PROHIBITION
This is a type of modal which
indicates that something should not
be done or that someone must not
do something.

12. 
Modal Verbs: Prohibition, Obligation and Permission
When we want to express permission, prohibition (not allowing
something), obligation or no obligation, we use modal verbs.
• A. Prohibition – can’t, mustn’t
Can't and mustn't (must not) are used to show that something is prohibited or not
allowed.
• Examples:
• You can't go into that restaurant without a tie.
• You can't drive in this country unless you are over eighteen.
• You mustn't use your phone in class.
• I have two copies, and will send you one; but you mustn’t show it to anybody.
• Can't usually gives the idea of something that is against the rules.
• Mustn’t usually means that it is the speaker who is setting the rule.

13. OBLIGATION
•This type of modal is used to express
responsibility or commitment.
Examples of this modal are must and
have to.

14. B. Obligation – have to, must
• Have to and must are both used to express obligation. There is
a slight difference in the way both are used.
• Have to shows that the obligation comes from someone else,
not the speaker.
• This is usually referring to a rule or law.

15. Examples:
• We have to be in the airport at least two hours before the flight.
• I have to work on Saturday.
• They have to wear their uniforms in school.
• My doctor said that I have to stop smoking or I'll risk serious
problems. (I have no choice).

16. Must shows us that the obligation comes from
the speaker.
• Examples:
• I must hand in my thesis by tomorrow.
• I really must call my parents.
• I must stop smoking. It’s costing me too much money. (It’s my decision).
We use don't have to to show that there is no obligation. You can do
something if you want but it is not an obligation.

17. Examples:
• You don't have to wear a tie to go to that
restaurant but it would be nice.
• You don't have to wait for me. I could get a taxi.
• Students don't have to wear uniforms in school.

18. PERMISSION
•This is a type of modal which is used
to express consent or approval.
Examples of this modal are can and
could.

19. C. Permission – can, could
• Can is most often used to ask for or give permission. It is also possible to
use could but it is not often used as can.
• Examples:
• Can I borrow a pen?
• Can I go now?
• Could I open the window?

20. What is the importance of using
appropriate modals in different situations?
•Modals are used to show the level of
possibility, indicate ability, show
obligation or give permission.

21. ACTIVITY
• Group the students into three to do the differentiated tasks.
• For Group 1, your task is to think of a song which applies or used modals.
• For Group 2, your task is to make a slogan related to the message of the song “I
Can.”
• For Group 3, your task is to present a tableau which depicts the message of the
song “I Can.”
• The teacher will present the criteria for grading their presentations.
• Each group will present to the class their output.

22. CRITERIA
• PROCESS SKILLS – 15%
• COOPERATION AND TEAMWORK – 15%
• TIME MANAGEMENT – 10%
• NEATNESS AND ORDERLINESS – 10%
50%

23. ANALYSIS
• Let the students pick up strips of papers with written sentences and tell them
to paste it on the board to its corresponding type of modals.

24. ABSTRACTION
•Present 5 sentences and ask them which one
is Prohibition, Obligation, and Permission.

25. • You mustn’t say anything about it.
• Well, you have to buy that CD set from the greatest hits of
Queen.
• Dog owners can’t bring their pets inside the new restaurant in
town.
• The situation there is indeed serious. We must stay here.

26. APPLICATION
• Let the students construct 2 meaningful sentences using modals and write it
in a ¼ sheet of paper.

27. ASSESSMENT
•Answer Activity 8: Make Me Whole
Again! on the module provided.