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LESSON 1 ENGLISH MODALS TYPES AND FUNCTIONS.pptx
- 1.
- 2. MODALS are auxiliary orhelping verbs. They may be used in expressing permission, obligation and prohibition.
- 3. SENTENCES • I believeI can fly. • Khodhy must call the police after the incident. • Janine will prepare for her exams. • Bernadette doesn’t have to secure a permit for her to go out of her house.
- 4. 1. PERMISSION is anact of giving consent or authorization. In stating permission, modals to be used include can, could and may.
- 5. PERMISSION a. Can isused to ask for and give permission.
- 6. EXAMPLE Can you giveme your number?
- 7. EXAMPLE Can you helpme with this?
- 8. EXAMPLE I can doit if you want me to.
- 9. PERMISSION b. Could isalso used as a more polite and more formal modal in asking permission (which may not be given).
- 10. EXAMPLE I could possiblyask my mom to cook it for us.
- 11. EXAMPLE Could I interviewthe mayor?
- 12. EXAMPLE Could you lendme your book?
- 13. PERMISSION c. May isthe most polite and formal modal used in asking and giving permission.
- 14. EXAMPLE Medical practitioners affectedby COVID-19 may now claim their financial support from the government.
- 15. EXAMPLE Teachers may nowdistribute the modules to the learners.
- 16. EXAMPLE May I borrowyour book, please?
- 17. 2. PROHIBITION is theact of disallowing or prohibiting someone in performing or doing something.
- 18. PROHIBITION a. Can’t isused in dealing with something against rules, laws and signs. This is used when the speaker is not the one who sets the rules.
- 19. EXAMPLE You can’t goout during the community quarantine. (Quarantine Policy)
- 20. EXAMPLE The company can’tapply for motion for reconsideration. (Legal Proceeding)
- 21. EXAMPLE You can’t buyany alcoholic beverages due to liquor ban. (Liquor Ban Policy
- 22. PROHIBITION b. Must Not/Mustn’tis used in dealing with something that is not permitted. In this context, it is the speaker who sets the rules.
- 23. EXAMPLE You must notturn off your camera during online class. (Teacher-students)
- 24. EXAMPLE Mustn’t you eatthe fruits inside the fridge? (Mother to child)
- 25. EXAMPLE Salome must nottell my secrets to her friends. (Boss to a colleague)
- 26.
- 27. OBLIGATION a. Has/Have tois used when obligation comes not from the speaker. The obligation is set by an authority, rule or law.
- 28. EXAMPLE I have tobe in the airport before the flight departure.
- 29. EXAMPLE She has tosubmit her report on time.
- 30. EXAMPLE The company hasto pay retrenchment benefits to its employees.
- 31. OBLIGATION b. Must isused when expressing obligation comes from the speaker or from an authority.
- 32. EXAMPLE I must callmy husband now.
- 33. EXAMPLE We must finishthe report on time.
- 34. EXAMPLE I must stayaway from them.
- 35. 4. NO OBLIGATION expressesthe absence of commitment or duty as one may do it or not.
- 36. NO OBLIGATION Don’t (doesn’t)have to is used to express no obligation.
- 37. EXAMPLE She doesn’t haveto attend the funeral if she is not feeling well.
- 38. EXAMPLE You don’t haveto come to my office in person. You may submit it online.
- 39. EXAMPLE The employees don’thave to come this morning as the activity will start in the afternoon.
- 40.
- 41. QUIZ 1. It isused to ask for and give permission.
- 42. QUIZ 2. It isthe most polite and formal modal used in asking and giving permission.
- 43. QUIZ 3. It isused in dealing with something that is not permitted. In this context, it is the speaker who sets the rules.
- 44. QUIZ 4. It isused when expressing obligation comes from the speaker or from an authority.
- 45. QUIZ 5. It isused to express no obligation.
- 46.
- 47. ASSIGNMENT Write 5 sentencesusing modals. 5 -Permission 5 -Prohibition 5 -Obligation 5 -No Obligation