The document discusses the future of Mine Developer and Operators (MDOs) in India. It states that MDOs operate mines on behalf of owners and invest in technology and infrastructure to improve production. The MDO model is becoming more popular in India due to the balance it provides between private operators and public sector units. However, MDO projects also face risks like delays in production and cost increases. The document provides statistics on key MDO players and operational mines in India.
mine environment engineering
Intrinsic safety and flameproof apparatus in mines
research and development on explosions in mines
prevention of explosion in mines
This presentation deals with introductory lecture on Mining Law in India and also focuses on the Constitutional framework regarding Mining Law in the country
India’s economy is charting rough waters, with virtually every sector facing growth concerns. The mining sector is among the worst hit, with seemingly-unending bad news impacting it deeply. Despite large reserves of iron ore and coal, India’s imports of these precious raw materials have been increasing. The cover story of MSLGROUP in India’s Public Affairs Round-up, or PAR, explores what lies in store for mining as India enters a crucial election year.
The other important debate in business circles centres around the new Companies’ Act that mandates corporate social responsibility (CSR) on companies of a certain size. Amrita Choudhary, deputy head of content at MSLGROUP in India, argues that the law will alter India Inc’s social approach and prove to be a big opportunity for CSR consultancies.
mine environment engineering
Intrinsic safety and flameproof apparatus in mines
research and development on explosions in mines
prevention of explosion in mines
This presentation deals with introductory lecture on Mining Law in India and also focuses on the Constitutional framework regarding Mining Law in the country
India’s economy is charting rough waters, with virtually every sector facing growth concerns. The mining sector is among the worst hit, with seemingly-unending bad news impacting it deeply. Despite large reserves of iron ore and coal, India’s imports of these precious raw materials have been increasing. The cover story of MSLGROUP in India’s Public Affairs Round-up, or PAR, explores what lies in store for mining as India enters a crucial election year.
The other important debate in business circles centres around the new Companies’ Act that mandates corporate social responsibility (CSR) on companies of a certain size. Amrita Choudhary, deputy head of content at MSLGROUP in India, argues that the law will alter India Inc’s social approach and prove to be a big opportunity for CSR consultancies.
MINERAL-RICH,PRODUCTIVITY-POOR?
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WHAT IS THE MINERAL LAWS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2020?
DURING A LOCK DOWN, WHY IS THE MINING INDUSTRY CONSIDERED 'ESSENTIAL'?
POST AUCTION STRATEGIES IN MINERAL SECTOR
Annual Conference on Coal : Priorities, Challenges and AuctionsInfraline Energy
Continuing with our focus on contemporary issues concerning Energy, Infraline Energy is organizing a conference on “Coal Priorities, Challenges & Auctions” on May 27 in New Delhi. For further details on the conference, kindly drop us a mail on conference@infraline.com
PM DISCUSSES ECONOMIC REFORMS IN MINING SECTOR
MINERS SEEK MORATORIUM ON DUES AS LOCKDOWN CRIPPLES OPERATIONS
PROPOSED CHANGES IN MINING POLICY TO HIT STEEL COMPANIES WITH CAPTIVE LEASES
Mining reform: What the government got right…
Bolstering the ongoing mining reforms
India’s mining reforms juggernaut continues despite concerns
Did Ministry of Mines Disregard Critical Suggestions
on Mining Reforms?
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Govt plan to take over mine auctions faces
opposition from a few states
Coal India not to give a push to labour intensive
new mines: Chairman
Long-term impact of Budget on Metals & Mining sector –
A review of last two decades
'Discriminatory': Goa in Supreme Court on mining
leases renewal cancellation
Non-coal mining leases: Pace of auction slows in 2020-21
Workshop on ‘Enhancing Exploration through NMET’ organised
Mountain With 60-90% Gold Soil Discovered In Congo, Villagers Flock With Shovels
Las implicancias del memorándum de entendimiento entre Codelco y SQM según la...Voces Mineras
En su informe, la consultora examina las implicancias financieras, estratégicas y ambientales de esta alianza, explorando las consecuencias a corto y largo plazo para ambas empresas, así como para el panorama minero chileno.
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMVoces Mineras
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In addressing DMO violations caused by the significant gap between the market price of coal and domestic coal prices, the Indonesian government is currently formulating legislation to establish an entity empowered to collect and disburse compensation funds as a penalty for DMO non-compliance. In 2022, the Indonesian government initially decided to establish a Public Service Agency (BLU) to implement the collection-disbursement scheme. However, the plan for the formation of the BLU entity underwent a transformation into MIP in January 2023. Find out more our insights about this topic in our Legal Brief Publication.
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Indonesia as a maritime country has its own challenges in meeting its domestic needs, including the needs for oil and natural gas. The spread of large cities across Indonesia creates the need for sophisticated and efficient transportation equipment related to natural gas needs. Floating Storage and Regasification Unit or what is known as FSRU is one answer to this problem. The form of FSRU is in the form of a ship and most of it comes from foreign countries, making its procurement interesting to study further. Find out more of our insights on this topic in our Legal Publication.
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Coal ministry mulls scheme to allow coal block owners to
surrender mines.
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WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. ABOUT MDO
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 2
Mine Developers and Operators (MDOs) are mining specialists who operate on behalf of the mine owner against a fixed charge on a long-term basis
MDO is a specialized operating leverage play and attracts limited competition, given the risks and reward involved. MDO projects offer multi-year revenue
visibility which strengthens the overall order book and imparts diversification benefits to the appointed players.
Apart from initial funding, MDOs also invest in technology for exploration of hidden mineral resources, innovative mining technology, specialized technologies
for mining optimization in low-grade deposits, beneficiation, and metallurgical innovations, investments in innovative infrastructure solutions, community
relationship management, and best work practices in Sustainable Development
The MDO model was adopted in India because of limited resources which impacted production levels and also because sub-contracting mining operations to
private players was a more capital-efficient way forward to improve production. Since the privatization and liberalization of the Indian markets, the government
has made attempts to attract private participation in this sector
MDOs are being increasingly adopted as the preferred model of coal mining operations in India due to the balance of autonomy it provides between private
players and the PSUs. It is perceived as a more economically feasible mode of operation for both players.
However, it is essential to note that the MDO model is not legally defined by the law and that the MDO model is not a law or rule yet in India
3. ABOUT MDO
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Particulars FY 2018 FY 2025 FY 2030
Mining contractors 10,000 16,000 20,000
Mine Developer and Operator (MDO) 3,800 17,000 34,500
Active Mine Management (AMM) 1,000 3,000 6,500
Total 14,800 36,000 61,000
Projected growth in Coal Sector (INR Cr.)
4. MDO BUSINESS MODEL
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 4
Business Model
In the Current Scenario, coal for merchant mining is not allowed to the private sector and the only available route for them to enter the sector is through
the mine developer-cum-operator (MDO) route.
The MDO contractor carries out the entire gamut of activities right from land acquisition, R&R, and mine planning to the development and operation of
mine and coal extraction and coal transportation up to the owner's loading silo on behalf of the mine lease owners.
Securing
Clearances
Ensuring
Mines
Acess
Physical
possession
of
land,
Implementing
rehabilitation
Resettlement
Equipment
handling
Maintenance
and
coal
production
5. MDO BUSINESS MODEL
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 5
Business Model
In return, the mine owner pays a contractually agreed fixed mining fee. MDO projects offer multi-year revenue visibility which strengthens the overall order
book and imparts diversification benefits to the appointed players.
The working model mirrors the public-private partnership (PPP) concept, where private companies having state-of-the-art coal evacuation technology,
develop coal reserves on behalf of PSUs for a specific period of time.
The MDO model is fast catching up with the PSU that is struggling to meet rising demand from power producers and other industries. Effective project
implementation of mining projects by the PSU has led to a shortfall in coal production, which has adversely affected power producers.
The MDO is appointed under a Coal Mining Agreement (CMA). It is signed between the private entity and PSU. Usually, the contract period of such CMAs is
envisaged to last up to the life of the mine
During the project's operation period, the MDO undertakes coal excavation and transportation to depots in payment for a mining charge based on achieving
a particular amount of coal produced as defined in the agreement.
Ministry of Coal released the Common Guidelines for Mine Developer and Operator projects (the MDO Guidelines) to clarify that the Draft Model Contract
Agreement (MCA) was for the purpose of framing a standard contractual model for the development and operation of the mines to be adopted by State
Governments and local authorities.
6. MDO KEY PLAYERS
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 6
Key Players
The Indian coal market is slowly evolving from the mining contracting mode of operations to an MDO ecosystem. Thus, at present, there are only a handful of
players who could single-handedly participate in the MDO tenders. Thus, in most of the tenders, it has been observed that players bid as consortiums. The players
that participate in the MDO process currently are mentioned below:
Adani Enterprises
Essel Mining
Sainik Mining
Dilip Buildcon
Thriveni Earthmovers
Ambey Mining
NCC Limited
BGR Mining
VPR Mining
7. MDO FINANCING
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 7
Financing
MDOs need to make significant upfront capex in equipment and infrastructure during the mine development phase, followed by recurring replacement capex
for machinery every five years during the mine operation phase based on asset usage.
Mine viability, associated cash flows and terms of payment in a supply contract are looked for financing coal mining projects. Lenders also look into factors like
demand, prices, and transport arrangements. Customers to whom supplies would be made and the contracts entered also matter.
The credit profile of the appointed MDOs during the mine development phase is perceived to be risky, owing to high capex and negative free cash flow.
The credit profile is likely to improve gradually over the mine operating period as the cash flows are negative to low till the annual production reaches the peak
production capacity, and thereafter turn positive.
Given the high capex during the development phase, it becomes extremely important for the operator to achieve the envisaged strip ratio and/or operational
efficiencies to recover the capex along with a reasonable return.
The overall investment outlay is in the range of 8%-10% of project revenues over the MDO tenure. After the commencement of mining operations, it generally
takes two to five years for the mine to achieve peak production capacity and EBITDA margins of 25%-30%
Return ratios are likely to be moderate in the range of 11%-14% over the operating period, owing to high capital intensity
The ability of an MDO to maintain the scheduled production timelines; maintain, or operate below, the stipulated strip ratio; and keep asset utilization at the
optimum level are key monitorables
8. MDO KEY RISKS AND REGULATIONS
Key Risks
Despite the promising benefits, MDO projects are fraught with operational challenges with respect to
delay or inability to achieve the peak production capacity,
risk of an increase in strip ratio,
variability in off-take,
challenges in incremental land acquisition, and
conflicts from inhabitants
These impediments can spiral costs and weaken the financial metrics of appointed contractors.
Key Regulations
The waterfall of administrative and contractual actions which follow the certain regulations.
Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973 – This Act determines the eligibility of coal mining in India
Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 – It provides for the allocation of coal mines and the right, title, and interest in mine infrastructure - through public
auction licensing and leasing of the coal mines and to discharge the prior allotment of blocks, under the Act
o inserted a new sub-rule i.e., Sub-Rule 10 under Rule 11 of the Coal Mines Rules 2014 to provide the Central Government the power to relax the provisions
of Rule 11 for allotment of coal mines, in the public interest, after recording its reasons in writing
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9. MDO KEY RISKS AND REGULATIONS
Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957 (MMRD Act)
o no person shall undertake reconnaissance, prospecting, or mining operations except in accordance with the terms and conditions of a reconnaissance
permit or prospecting license, or mining lease granted under the Act (section 4 MMRD act)
o issue for operations undertaken for preliminary prospecting of a mineral through regional, aerial, geophysical or geochemical surveys and geological
mapping can only be granted for a period up to 3 years (section 7 MMRD act)
Mineral Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2020-
o o Section 4B-The Government prescribed the efficiency in the production of minerals
o o Section 8B-It provides that a new lessee can continue mining operations on the land in which operations were carried out by the previous lessee, for a
two-year period.
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10. OPERATIONAL MINES UNDER MDO
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MDO Operator Name Location Mines
Parsa Kente Colleries Limited Chhattisgarh Parsa East, Kanta Basan
Dilip Buildcon VPR Consortium Jharkhand Pachhwara Central
Pacchwara Coal Mining Jharkhand Pachhwara North
Gangaramchak Mining West Bengal Barjora
Montecarlo Barjora Mining West Bengal Barjora North
Gangaramchak Mining West Bengal Gangaramchak, Gangaramchak Bhadulia West Bengal
Khagra Joydev Resources West Bengal Khagra Joydev
Sical Mining West Bengal Tara East and West
Adani Enterprises Limited & GP-III Colleries Chhattisgarh Gare Palma III
Rajasthan Colleries Limited Chhattisgarh Parsa
BGR Mining & Infra Ltd Odisha Manoharpur & Dispide Manoharpur
Sainik Mining & Allied Services Odisha Dulanga
AMR India Ltd Telangana Tadecherla-l
Develecto Mining Jharkhand Tubed
Talabira (Odisha) Mining Odisha Talabira II & III
Dilip Buildcon Odisha Siarmal OCP
Bid Awarded
PMPL- AMR Consortium Jharkhand Kotre Basantpur Pancho
11. UNDER CONSTRUCTION MINES UNDER MDO
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MDO Operator Name Location Mines
SIML- MRKR Jharkhand Chandargupt OC
SMS Limited Chhattisgarh Ketki UG
Essel Mining Madhya Pradesh Subhadra OCP
JMS Mining Private Limited Ranchi Piparwar UG
Rithwik AMR Jharkhand Chatti Bariatu
Minsol India Pvt. Ltd West Bengal Chinakuri UG
Vensar construction company Ltd. (VCCL) West Bengal Gopinathpur UG
Ambey Mining Private Ltd. West bengal Itapara Open Cast
Monte Carlo Jharkhand Hura Mining
Bidding Stage
Chhattisgarh Madannagr OC
Chhattisgarh Pelma OCP
Jharkhand Patratu ABC UG
Jharkhand Kapuria UG
Maharashtra Balabhadar OC
12. UNDER CONSTRUCTION MINES UNDER MDO
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 12
MDO Operator Name Location Mines
Bidding Stage Jharkhand Parej East UG
Jharkhand Sangamitra OC
Maharashtra Durgapur Oc
13. UNDER CONSTRUCTION MINES UNDER MDO
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MDO Operator Name Location Mines
Bid Awarded
PMPL- AMR Consortium KBP OC
SIML- MRKR Chandargupt OC
SMS Limited Ketki UG
Essel Mining Subhadra OCP
JMS Mining Private Limited Piparwar UG
Rithwik AMR Jharkand Chatti Bariatu
Bid Opened
Madannagr OC
Pelma OCP
Project to be retendered
Sangamitra OC
Durgapur Oc
Tender Invited/To be Invited
Patratu ABC UG
Itapara OC
Kapuria UG
Balabhadar OC
Parej East UG