This document summarizes the state of fundamental physical research in Ukraine. It describes the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which oversees research across multiple departments and institutes. It then outlines recent achievements in both experimental and theoretical physics research from Ukrainian institutions. These include contributions to experiments at CERN and discoveries in fields like condensed matter physics, plasma physics, and astronomy. The document proposes opportunities for Ukrainian researchers to collaborate on EU infrastructure projects in areas like laser physics, graphene research, and particle physics.

1. CEI - SEENET- MTP-EPS Workshop Promotion of physics in the CEI countries and Integrating Access to Research Infrastructures in Europe Sofia, 23 – 25 November 2014
Fundamental physical research in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for EU infrastructure projects
Anatoly ZAGORODNY
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2. OUTLINE
•National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (brief introduction).
•Current state of the fundamental physical research in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU).
•Ukrainian National Grid.
•Potential collaboration within the EU-infrastructure projects.
•Conclusions.

3. According to the national legislation the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is the highest scientific institution of Ukraine funded by the Goverment. It integrates all researchers of its institutions and carries out studies in various branches of knowledge, develops scientific fundamentals for technological, socio-economic and cultural advancement of the nation. According to its Statute, the Academy enjoys the rights of self-government in making decisions about its own activities.
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine consists of 3 sections:
- physical, technological and mathematical sciences;
- chemical and biological sciences;
- social sciences and humanities
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

4. Departments
•Department of Mathematics;
•Department of Information Science;
•Department of Mechanics;
•Department of Physics and Astronomy;
•Department of the Earth Science;
•Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science;
•Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering;
•Department of Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering;
•Department of Chemistry;
•Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and
Molecular Biology;
•Department of General Biology;
•Department of Economical Sciences;
•Department of history, philosophy and Law;
•Department of Literature, Language and Art Studies.

8. Publications

9. International Collaboration
NASU realizes international collaboration within the framework of more then 150 agreements with the academies, foundations, scientific organizations, universities and corporations from 50 countries.

10. International collaboration
CERN (ALICE, CMS, LHCb, WLCG)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna)
CNRS (France)
IIASA (Laxenburg, Austria)
Euratom
EISCAT
European Grid Initiative (technical level)
UNESCO
CEI
SEENET-MTP Network

11. Current state of physical research in Ukraine
Physical research in NASU are carried out in about 30 institutes from 3 Academy Departments (physics and astronomy; nuclear physics and power engineering; physical and technical problems of material science). More then 4000 scientists deal with the studies in physics and astronomy.
The largest physical institutes are the following:
National Science Center “Kharkiv Institute for Physics and Technologies (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, which includes:
Institute of solid-state physics, material science and technologies (fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature and high-temperature superconductivity; physics of radiation effects and radiation technologies; pure and super-pure metals and semiconductors, carbon and graphite materials).

12. Institute of high-energy physics and nuclear physics (Interaction of electrons and photons of intermediate energies (up to 2 GeV) with nuclei; quantum electrodynamics in substance, including crystal; nuclear reactions and structure of nuclei interacted with heavy nuclei and low-energy mult-icharged ions).
Institute of plasma electronics and new methods of acceleration (fundamental and applied aspects of plasma electronics and new methods of charged particle acceleration, development of beam and beam- plasma technologies; physics of charged beam-plasma interaction; construction of high-current accelerators of electrons and ions for the use in beam-controlled fusion problems; fundamental problems of electrodynamics and interaction of electromagnetic waves with non-stationary media).
Akhiezer Institute for theoretical physics (quantum field theory and elementary-particle physics; supersymmetry and supergravitation theories; electroweak interactions and hadron electrodynamics; nuclear physics; theory of interaction of high-energy particles with matter; theory of nonlinear systems; statistical physics; solid-state physics and radiation physics).
Institute of Plasma Physics (fusion oriented theory and experiment, including magnetic plasma confinement in stellarators and electromagnetic traps; high-temperature plasma diagnostics; divertor and plasma facing materials; development and application of pulsed and quasi-stationary plasma accelerators; plasma technologies).

13. •Institute of Physics, Kiev (condensed matter physics, including the physics of soft matter; physics of lasers, nonlinear and singular optics, holography; surface physics, and plasma emission electronics, physics of nanostructures, including heterostructures in semiconductors, nanoparticle solids; physics of liquid crystal and polymer environments; interaction of laser radiation with matter, electronic phenomena and phase transitions on the surface of solids; physics of biological systems).
•Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev (theory of nuclei and nuclear reactions; quantum field theory; high-energy physics and astrophysics; statistical physics and kinetics; theory of solids, soft matter physics; plasma theory; mathematical methods and computational modeling in theoretical physics).
•Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev (high-energy physics, nuclear physics, radiation processes in solids, fusion theory, physics of low temperature plasma).
•Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kiev (interaction processes of electromagnetic radiation with matter; low-dimensional systems, micro- and nanoelectronics; optoelectronics and solar energetics; semiconductor materials science, sensor systems).

14. •Institute of Metal Physics, Kiev (electronic structure of solids, superconductivity, magnetic phenomena, physical bases and searching for principally new metallic materials, principally new facilities for modern engineering on the base of these materials).
•Verkin Institute for Low-temperature Physics, Kharkiv (low and ultralow temperature physics; solid state physics; nanophysics and nanotechnologies, including nanobiophysics; mathematical physics, analysis and geometry; physical and engineering problems of materials science).
•Institute of Applied Physics, Sumy (quantum field theory, plasma electronics, physics of solids).
•Institute of Electron Physics, Uzhgorod (quantum field theory, electronics, physics of solids, electron spectroscopy).
•Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Lviv (methods of statistical physics and computer simulations, theory of liquids and solutions, theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena,
theory of solids, soft matter physics).
•Institute of Radioastronomy, Kharkiv (centimeter and decameter radioastronomy, space and geophysical plasma).

15. 15
The main areas of physical science in Ukraine
1. High-energy physics and nuclear physics (fundamental interactions, microscopic structure of nuclei, nuclear reactions).
2.Solid state physics (structure of solids, physics of semiconductors, magnetic properties, superconductivity, phase transitions, low-dimensional structures, hetero-structures, surface physics).
3.Low-temperature and ultra-low-temperature physics (superconductivity, quantum liquids, magnetic and electric properties of solids, cryogenic crystals).
4.Optics and laser physics (quantum and singular optics, molecular spectroscopy).
5.Soft matter physics (physics of liquids and polymers, liquid crystals, biopolymers, DNA).
6.Plasma physics (fusion plasma, plasma electronics, plasma diagnostics, various aspects of fusion reactor ITER, plasma facing materials, low temperature plasma and plasma technologies).
7.Radiophysics and radioelectronics.
8.Astronomy and radioastronomy.

16. Main recent achievements (experiments)
•Participation in the experiments on LHC (numerical processing and analysis of experimental data (CMS, LHCb), theoretical background, designing and production of detector elements, software for data processing (ALICE)). The Ukrainian physicist are among those related to discovery of the Higgs boson.
•Determination of cosmological parameters of galactic objects by observing of 40 radio sources with super high resolution. Observation of decameter waves generated by electrons with main quantum number of the order of 300.
•Observation of lightnings in the atmospheres of distant planets using the earth tools.
•Observation of high-temperature magnon Bose- Einstein condensation (international team).

17. Main recent achievements (experiments)
•Observation of electric field generation by rotating and flowing liquid helium.
•Observation and discovering of the physical nature of specific (fractional) Brownian motion in liquid crystals.
•On the basis of the observations from the satellite telescopes within the minimal extension of the SM new restrictions are established for the masses of particles – candidates for DM carriers.
•Discovering new unusual properties of surface diffusion.
•Observation and justification of the defect (dislocation) nature of supersolid state of Helium-4.
•Discovering of negative thermal expansion coefficient of fullerites at low (about 10 K) temperatures.

18. Main recent achievements (theory)
•Well before the experimental discovery of graphene in 2004, a number of very important theoretical predictions has been made regarding the peculiar and unique properties of this novel two-dimensional material, including metal-insulator phase transition. Prediction of unconventional quantum Hall effect in graphene. The discovery of the anomalous quantum Hall effect unambiguously proved the Dirac nature of quasiparticles in graphene (this result is cited by A.Geim and K.Novoselov in their Nobel Lectures).
•Ellaborating the theory of phase transition of the I-st kind.

19. Main recent achievements (theory)
•Theory of reheating of the universe after inflation. Its specific feature consists in taking into account the effect of parametric resonance, which turns out to be critical for the estimates of the rate of creation of bosons by the oscillating scalar field.
•A multidimensional theory of gravity and the corresponding cosmological models based on the concept of a braneworld describing the properties of dark matter and dark energy.
•Derivation of explicit expression for the matrix elements of the spin field operator. All n-point correlation functions of the Ising and Potts models on the two- dimensional lattice of arbitrary finite sizes are found.

20. Main recent achievements (theory)
•Theoretical discovering of the spintronic properties of non-magnetic helical molecules and helical structures.
• Kinetic theory adapted for a description of electron/hole current through a single molecule/molecular wire embedded in between the electrodes. It has been found that a kinetic recharge of molecule/molecular wire strongly control the tunnel regime of charge transmission.
•A novel physical mechanism of transitions in flexible molecular system is proposed to explain the temperature-independent of the onset of desesitization of P2X3 receptors in nerve cells as well as the degradation of PER2 proteins in fibroblastes.

21. Main recent achievements (theory)
•The theory of interacting of the vortex state nanodots with AC magnetic fields and spin-polarized electrical currents is developed. The efficient methods of control of polarity and chirality of vortex state nanodots are proposed. That makes perspective the using of magnetic vortices as memory elements.
•The approach for describing the conformational mechanics of DNA double helix is developed, and appropriate models of conformational vibrations and structural transformation of DNA macromolecule are proposed. The interpretation of low-frequency vibrational spectra (<100cm-1) of polynucleotides and DNA is done. The soliton mechanism of long-range action effects in stressed DNA macromolecules is proposed and varified.

22. Main recent achievements (theory)
•Most important properties (spectra, degeneracies, etc.) of various q-deformations of quantum harmonic oscillator, their two- and multi-parametric generalizations have been explored.
•Description of the properties of vacuum in the presence of background fields with nontrivial topology. Vacuum polarization effects in gauge theories. Establishing of the relationship between the symmetry (including the Lorentz one) breaking patterns in the fermion and boson sectors.
•Application of the theory of the vacuum polarization by singular background fields to study the influence of topological defects in graphene on its electronic properties.

23. Main recent achievements (theory)
•Description of Aharonov-Bohm effect in scattering of nonrelativistic electrons by a penetrable magnetic vortrex.
•Elaborating the generalized hydrodynamics theory of liquids on the basis of original method of generalized collective modes, which allows one within the framework of unique formalism to study spectra of generalized collective excitations, time correlation functions, as well as wave-vector and frequency dependent transport coefficients in dense liquids and mixtures.
•Consistent kinetic theory of dusty plasmas with regard to absorption of plasma particles by grains.
•Description of the electro-mechanical properties of nanotubes doped by fullerenes.

24. Ukrainian National Grid
40 clusters, ~4500 CPU, ~500 ТВ (HDD), ~500 TB (SE).

25. International
Educational
Grid.
Center is in JINR
AstroGrid-D
UN-SPIDER
Russian Grid
International Desktop
Grid Federation
Ukraine singed
MoU with
WLCG
(Worldwide
LHC
Computing
Grid)
on April 25 in
2006.
International cooperation of UNG

26. Recently the Ukrainian authorities adopted the principal decision concerning associate membership of Ukraine in EU-program Horizon 2020.
It is expected that the Agreement will be signed next January.

27. Opportunities for cooperation within EU- infrastructure
ELI : Extreme Light Infrastructure
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Physics
Institute of Applied Physics

28. Institute of Physics for ELI
Current state and achievements:
•Experience in the operation of a Femtosecond Laser Center for collective use (http://www.iop.kiev.ua/center_collect.php). In the case of accession to the European project, this experience can be extended to foreign users - Femtosecond Laser Center is almost ready to be included in European research infrastructure;
•Experience with excimer lasers, available setups and supplies to start work;
•Available hardware capabilities of optical diagnostics of nanostructures: femto-nanosecond techniques "pump-probe" optical Kerr shutter and other time-resolved methods, optical spectroscopy over a wide spectral and temperature ranges, pump-probe spectroscopy of induced absorption and secondary emission, Z-scan method.
•A new approach to producing 2D periodic plasmon structures, formed by “in situ” synthesized metal nanoparticles in polymer matrix has been developed.

29. Institute of Physics for ELI
Proposed projects:
1. Study of filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses (ultashort pulses in gaseous and solid-state media and their interaction with transparent and opaque materials using time-resolved microscopy methods, in particular polarization microscopy, transient absorption microscopy, and others).
2. Study of plasmonic enhancement of the local field of laser pulses by metallic nanostructures (one of the objectives of the project ELI is to study the interaction of radiation with matter at extremely high intensity. Start work in this direction may be done before petawatt lasers become operational. It can be done by focusing laser energy of available gigawatt lasers in small volumes by local field enhancement of surface plasmons on metal nanostructures).
3. Amplification of femtosecond pulses in the ultraviolet range using excimer amplifiers (the idea is to use a wide range of excimer amplification to amplify femtosecond pulses. Benefits of excimer amplifiers: electric pump, scalability of power by increasing the size of the camera, high quality of beam due to the optical homogeneity of the active medium of gas).

30. Institute of Physics for ELI
Proposed projects:
4. Laser control of dynamics of electronic excitations in structured nanocomposite (the influence of high power femtosecond laser pulses may substantially modify the nanocomposite by changing size and shape of nanoparticles. Therefore it is interesting to study the impact of femtosecond radiation on the dynamics of electronic excitations in structured nanocomposite. As periodically ordered structures may be used to control laser generation or to achieve coupling between light wave and surface plasmons).
5. Study of using of the short and intense laser pulses in infektology, oncology and photodynamic therapy (infektology: antimicrobial and antibacterial influence of blue, violet and near-ultraviolet spectrum of the laser radiationin a continuous and femtosecond regimes; oncology: personalization of tumors of different localization based on a study of the optical characteristics to find the wavelength of the laser radiation, which leads to apoptosis, photodynamic therapy: the use of two-photon absorption using femtosecond pulses to increase the efficiency and the penetration depth of the radiation).

31. Institute of Applied Physics for ELI
Current state and achievements:
Experience in theoretical description of strong pulse laser fields with regard to the resonant effects produced by generation of virtual particles that can lead to coherent induced radiation and absorption of laser field by electron/positron.
Proposed project: Resonant and coherent QED effects in strong pulse laser field ( studies of QED phenomena in the pulse laser field such as electron scattering by nuclei and molecules, electro-positron pair generation, spontaneous bremsstrahlung of electron in the presence of nuclei, elaborating the theory of resonant laser field enhancement).

32. Opportunities for cooperation within EU-infrastructure
Graphene Flagship
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Physics
Institute of Metal Physics,
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics

33. Institute of Physics for Graphene Flagship
Among the 11 directions of the project (http://graphene- flagship.eu/?page_id=34) there are 2 packages, where we expect fruitful cooperation:
Work Package 3: Fundamental Science of Graphene and 2D Materials Beyond Graphene;
Work Package 10: Nanocomposites.
Scientific achievements in the field of the project:
Research experience in the field of layered semiconductors (PbI2),nanostructures of CdSe, CdS, ZnO of different dimensions, in particular, atomically precise nanoplatelets , and nanocomposites; know-how of production of 2D materials and other nanostructures; available standard equipment and original set-ups for optical diagnostics of nanomaterials; experience and technical capabilities of quantum-chemical calculations of nanoobjects using the computer cluster of the Institute and UNG infrastructure;

34. Institute of Physics for Graphene Flagship
Fundamental physics of 2D materials and nanocomposites by experimental (optical methods) and theoretical (quantum chemistry using grid) approaches, namely the following:
kinetics of electronic excitations (surface plasmons, excitons);
new mechanisms of luminescence;
giant spin splitting;
local field enhancement of light-matter interaction; nonlinear phenomena (inverse Raman scattering, cross- phase modulation, filamentation etc);
design and development of production methods of 2D materials and nanocomposites (femto- nanosecond laser ablation in liquids, chemical synthesis).

35. Institute of Metal Physics for Graphene Flagship
Current state and achievements:
possible ordered distributions of impurity atoms over sites or interstices in graphene lattice are predicted and the ranges of interatomic-interaction-energy values providing (low-temperature) stability for the graphene-based substitutional and interstitial superstructures are defined, the effects of correlation and ordering in the spatial distribution of point (impurity atoms, vacancies) and linear (atomic steps, grain boundaries, dislocations) defects in graphene for their separate and simultaneous presence are studied. Particularly, the ordering of point defects can open a band gap in energy spectrum of graphene, enhance its conductivity up to dozens (10–30) of times.
Within the theory of electron density functional ab initio calculations are performed for: electron zones, phonon spectrum, electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interaction in two- dimensional allotropic form of carbon (graphene). A number of unique physical properties of graphene are to be correctly interpreted based on the exact information about the above mentioned characteristics

36. Institute of Metal Physics for Graphene Flagship
Proposed project: Configuration and size effects in electronic transport within the graphene containing point and/or line defects
1) to ascertain statistical-thermodynamic and physical-kinetic peculiarities of structure formation and physicochemical properties of the graphene-based solid solutions, taking into account interactions of impurity (ad)atoms and vacancies.
2) to study electronic structure and transport characteristics graphene-based systems depending on (substitutional or interstitial) type and kind of dopant atoms, their concentration and static lattice distortions;
3) to perform quantum-statistical calculation (using a many-electron operator representation of spinors) for the band-covalent structure of graphene-based intercalation compounds and predict a role of the covalent-bond fluctuations in the mass defect of the current carriers, magnetoresistance, magnetostriction, and ‘catalyst–reagent’-type ‘solid-phase’ reaction;
4) to develop recommendations regarding the optimization of the ways of implementation of obtained theoretical results; to explain experimentally revealed phenomena.

37. Opportunities for cooperation within EU-infrastructure
Life-time Prediction of Nanodevices
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Metal Physics
Current state and achievements
The results of the study conducted by the researchers of the Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics and National Scientific Centre `Kharkov Institute for Physics and Technology` have allowed to develop the conception about atomic mechanisms of the stability loss of nanocrystals both three-dimensional and one-dimensional (carbyne), as well as to propose the experimental methods to determine the strength of these objects
Proposed project: Development of the strategy for life-time prediction of the highly-effective new-generation emitters on the basis of one- dimensional nanochains of carbon (carbyne).

38. Opportunities for cooperation within EU-infrastructure
SKA: Square Kilometer Array
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Radio Astronomy
Current state and achivements
Ukraine remains the world leader in the field of the low frequency radio astronomy (in the decameter wavelength range – frequencies from 10 to 30 MHz). This leadership is based on the design, construction and operation of the giant highly effective radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, and GURT elements (8 – 80 MHz) (GURT system is under construction now). The whole effective area of these instruments is 0.3 square kilometer. It is more than effective area of LOFAR and is close to that of the coming SKA.

39. Institute of Radio Astronomy for SKA
In the 2013 year report of the project ERA – NET, contract no 262162 “Report on the status and opportunities of the astronomical community in the East- European countries” it is pointed out that “Countries with facilities in the radio astronomy domain, such as Ukraine, could consider joining the LOFAR consortium, building on the existing expertise. Involvement in SKA would also be a significant step for Ukraine”. The low frequency radio astronomical research facilities of Ukraine (unique radio telescopes and observatories with area of several hectares), highly qualified scientific groups, and big positive international cooperation experience will provide further progress in joint investigation, education, innovation, and reliable open access to local and distributed resources.

40. Opportunities for cooperation within EU-infrastructure
EISCAT – 3D
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Radio Astronomy
Current state and achievements
Since 2007 the Institute of Radio Astronomy actively participates in the world-largest organization investigating the geospace - the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT). Since 2009 Ukraine is affiliated with EISCAT as a associate member. The principal scientific concept of the Program proposed by the Ukrainian party gives the basis for the development of facilities for HF and UHF 3D diagnostics of natural and artificially stimulated ionospheric inhomogeneities in the Arctic Region.

41. Institute of Radio Astronomy for EISCAT-3D Participation in EISCAT makes it possible to solve the following problems of geospace research: 1. Studying the formation mechanisms for a wide range of natural and stimulated plasma fluctuations in aurora region and mid-latitudes. 2. Investigating the transfer mechanisms for powerful geospace disturbances top-down (from interplanetary space and Sun) and bottom-up (from Earth’s surface and troposphere). 3. Improving physical models of ionospheric disturbances transfer from auroral to mid-latitude ionosphere. 4. Refining the models of dynamic wave interaction between neutral and charged atmospheric gas components. 5. Studying the space distribution and intensity of global thunderstorm activity, investigating its dependence versus global climatic variations.

42. Opportunities for cooperation within EU-infrastructure
EuHIT: European High-performance Infrastructures in Turbulence
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics
Current state and achievements
A special place in the study of quantum turbulence in recent years is occupied by a quartz tuning fork technique when the piezoelectric properties of quartz make it possible to turn the mechanical vibrations in the measured variable electrical signal. This provides an opportunity to explore the generation and development of turbulence in a wide range of forces that are applied, and the velocity fluctuations accurately. The Institute has experience in the application of such methods in the studies of turbulence.

43. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics for EuHIT Proposed project: Quantum turbulence in superfluid systems. Clarification of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow regime and study the properties of quantum turbulence in superfluid solutions 3Ne-4Ne in a wide range of temperature, pressure and concentration. The study of the near-boundary layers of liquids and the influence of roughness on the walls of the origin, evolution and extinction of turbulence. Identification of dissipative processes at different stages of development of turbulence. Analysis of the contribution of viscos dissipation and acoustic emission. Feasibility study of turbulence suppression by the use of ultra- light materials with anomalously high porosity

44. CONCLUSIONS
•Ukraine shares CEI vision of the Key- priorities stated in the Agenda for 2014-2016;
•In some fields of physics Ukraine still ranks among the countries with high level of physical science. NASU has a human power and research facilities to maintain the appropriate level of physical studies.
•NASU is interested in extension of international collaboration and participation in EU-programs, in particular, the HORIZON- 2020.

45. CONCLUSIONS
•The Ukrainian physicists are interested to join in forthcoming projects and consortiums formed by the EU-partners.
•After getting associate membership of Ukraine in the HORIZON-2020 the Ukrainian physicists will be eligible to initiate the creation of consortia coordinated by the Ukrainian side in various fields of physics.

46. What help of CEI would be desirable
•Share the experience of scientific policy making;
•To extend application of CEI Instruments and Cooperation Tools to Ukraine;
•To join efforts in promotion common priorities and proposals to Horizon 2020;
•To take us on board in your future coming consortiums, in particular those for Horizon 2020;
•In order to discover possibilities of mutually beneficial cooperation it would be desirable to continue discussion on the expert level.

47. The inscription on the board in Latin
“Locus Perennis Dilicentissime cum libella librationis quae est in Austria et Hungaria confecta cum mensura gradum meridionalium et paralleloumierum Europeum… MDCCCLXXXVII…”
Scientists from the Vienna Imperial-Royal Military Geographical Institute after careful study identified the location of the intended geographical center of Europe, and in 1887 was established historical mark
Ukraine is a Central European country

48. Thank you for your attention