Fundamental analysis
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“Fundamental Analysis is method of finding out the future price of a stock which an investor wishes to buy.”
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Mm approach of dividend policy
The document summarizes the Modigliani-Miller theory of dividend policy. Some key points:
1) According to the theory, the value of a firm is based solely on its earnings and investment policy, not its dividend policy. Whether a firm retains earnings or pays dividends, the total return to shareholders is the same.
2) The theory is based on assumptions of perfect capital markets, no taxes, fixed investment policy, and no uncertainty.
3) Through mathematical proofs, the theory shows that dividends do not appear in the final equation determining a firm's value, indicating dividend policy is irrelevant to shareholders.
4) However, the theory is criticized for being based on unrealistic
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Arbitrage pricing theory (apt)
The document discusses the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), which assumes an asset's return depends on various macroeconomic, market, and security-specific factors. The APT model estimates the expected return of an asset based on its sensitivity to common risk factors like inflation, interest rates, and market indices. It was developed by Stephen Ross in 1976 as an alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The APT formula predicts an asset's return based on factor risk premiums and the asset's sensitivity to each factor.
Swaps (derivatives)
A swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange cash flows over a period of time, where at least one cash flow is determined by a variable such as interest rate, foreign exchange rate, or equity price. The most common type is an interest rate swap, where parties exchange interest payments on a notional principal amount at fixed and floating rates. Swaps allow users to align the risk characteristics of their assets and liabilities.
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The document discusses the evolution and features of swap markets. It begins by defining a swap as an agreement between two counterparties to exchange cash flows in the future, with terms like payment dates, currencies, and calculation of cash flows determined by the parties. The origin of swap markets is traced back to the 1970s in response to exchange rate instability. In the 1980s, multinational corporations began using swaps as more flexible alternatives to loans. Standardized documentation helped fuel growth, and new types of swaps like interest rate and currency swaps emerged. The key features of swaps discussed are counterparties, facilitators, cash flows, documentation, benefits, termination, and default risk.
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Fundamental analysis involves analyzing macroeconomic conditions, industries, and individual companies. At the macroeconomic level, factors like GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, and fiscal/monetary policies are examined. Industry analysis evaluates the attractiveness of industries based on their growth stage, competitive environment, and sensitivity to economic cycles. Finally, company analysis assesses the financial statements, management quality, and competitive positioning of specific firms. Together, this three-tiered fundamental analysis helps investors evaluate investment opportunities.
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anybody can join my google class (financial Mangement)
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Mm approach of dividend policy
The document summarizes the Modigliani-Miller theory of dividend policy. Some key points:
1) According to the theory, the value of a firm is based solely on its earnings and investment policy, not its dividend policy. Whether a firm retains earnings or pays dividends, the total return to shareholders is the same.
2) The theory is based on assumptions of perfect capital markets, no taxes, fixed investment policy, and no uncertainty.
3) Through mathematical proofs, the theory shows that dividends do not appear in the final equation determining a firm's value, indicating dividend policy is irrelevant to shareholders.
4) However, the theory is criticized for being based on unrealistic
security fundamental analysis
Fundamental analysis is one of the analysis used in Security Analysis which includes Industry, Economy & company analysis
Arbitrage pricing theory (apt)
The document discusses the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), which assumes an asset's return depends on various macroeconomic, market, and security-specific factors. The APT model estimates the expected return of an asset based on its sensitivity to common risk factors like inflation, interest rates, and market indices. It was developed by Stephen Ross in 1976 as an alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The APT formula predicts an asset's return based on factor risk premiums and the asset's sensitivity to each factor.
Swaps (derivatives)
A swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange cash flows over a period of time, where at least one cash flow is determined by a variable such as interest rate, foreign exchange rate, or equity price. The most common type is an interest rate swap, where parties exchange interest payments on a notional principal amount at fixed and floating rates. Swaps allow users to align the risk characteristics of their assets and liabilities.
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The document discusses the evolution and features of swap markets. It begins by defining a swap as an agreement between two counterparties to exchange cash flows in the future, with terms like payment dates, currencies, and calculation of cash flows determined by the parties. The origin of swap markets is traced back to the 1970s in response to exchange rate instability. In the 1980s, multinational corporations began using swaps as more flexible alternatives to loans. Standardized documentation helped fuel growth, and new types of swaps like interest rate and currency swaps emerged. The key features of swaps discussed are counterparties, facilitators, cash flows, documentation, benefits, termination, and default risk.
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The slides discuss in detail the concept of Agency and Sub Agency under the Indian Contract Act, 1878. Useful for Law Students and professionals.
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Fundamental analysis involves analyzing macroeconomic conditions, industries, and individual companies. At the macroeconomic level, factors like GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, and fiscal/monetary policies are examined. Industry analysis evaluates the attractiveness of industries based on their growth stage, competitive environment, and sensitivity to economic cycles. Finally, company analysis assesses the financial statements, management quality, and competitive positioning of specific firms. Together, this three-tiered fundamental analysis helps investors evaluate investment opportunities.
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This document discusses common problems faced by investors and methods for redressal. It outlines objectives of investment like returns and risks. Common complaints by investors are listed against companies, brokers, and depository participants regarding issues like delayed transfers, non-payment of dividends, and high fees. Redressal methods are provided, including a new section in the Companies Act to protect small investors and punish non-compliance. The SEBI has also introduced a guide for investors. Problems can be reported to relevant authorities like SEBI, registrars, or stock exchanges depending on the issue and type of security. In conclusion, investor problems regarding shares can be resolved through different redressal cells.
Hire purchase agreement
Hire purchase is a financing method for goods where ownership passes to the buyer after they pay installments over a set period. A hire purchase agreement specifies that goods are leased with the option to purchase via installments, with ownership transferring after the final payment. It differs from a normal sale in that the seller retains ownership until full payment and can repossess the goods if installments are missed.
Valuation of Bonds and Shares
1. The document discusses methods for valuing different types of financial instruments including bonds, preference shares, and equity shares.
2. Various bond valuation methods are described including valuation based on maturity date, yield to maturity, current yield, and yield to call.
3. Preference shares are valued using the dividend discount model based on expected preference dividends and the cost of preference shares.
4. Equity shares are more difficult to value since dividends can fluctuate, and the document discusses dividend discount models and P/E ratios to estimate equity values.
Valuation of equity sahres
This document discusses methods for valuing equity shares based on capitalizing dividends and earnings. It describes dividend valuation models including no growth, constant growth, and supernormal growth cases. The constant growth model values shares based on infinite streams of dividends growing at a constant rate. The supernormal growth model accounts for high initial dividend growth transitioning to normal long-term growth.
Fundamental analysis
Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating securities that involves performing an analysis of the underlying company and industry. It examines factors like the overall economy, industry conditions, and the financial condition and management of companies to determine a company's intrinsic value. The analysis involves evaluating economic, industry, and company-specific factors to estimate future earnings and stock prices. Some key aspects of fundamental analysis include analyzing the economy, industry life cycles, and individual company financials and operations.
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Types of-shares
There are three main types of shares that can be issued by companies: equity shares, preference shares, and deferred shares. Equity shares do not have a fixed dividend rate and holders have voting rights. Preference shares have a fixed dividend rate and preferential rights to repayment of capital. There are various kinds of preference shares based on factors like cumulative/non-cumulative dividends and participation in profits. Deferred shares rank below equity and preference shares for dividend payments and repayment of capital.
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2. It also covers the risky shift effect, changes in sociological behavior, algorithmic trading, and the relationship between risk tolerance and risk perception.
3. Recent trends in behavioural finance examine how human psychology and social factors influence financial decision-making in areas like risk-taking, framing, memory biases, and subconscious preferences.
Efficient market hypothesis
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The EMH states that market prices fully reflect all available public information and adjust instantly to new information. It has three forms - weak, semi-strong, and strong - with each form incorporating more types of information. Most research supports the weak and semi-strong forms, finding that historical data and public information are reflected in prices, but the strong form is not supported as non-public information can be used to earn excess returns.
Risk and return measurement
This document discusses the concepts of risk and return in investments. It defines risk as the uncertainty of expected returns, which can be caused by factors both related and unrelated to the investment. Systematic risk refers to uncertainty from broader market factors that affect all investments, while unsystematic risk is specific to a particular investment. Standard deviation and beta are introduced as quantitative measures of risk. Standard deviation measures how much returns vary from the average, while beta measures the volatility of a security compared to the overall market. The security market line equation is presented to demonstrate how beta is used to determine the required rate of return based on the risk-free rate and market risk premium.
valuation of securities
The document discusses various methods for valuing different types of securities. It covers the valuation of debentures, preference shares, and equity shares. For debentures and preference shares, the valuation models discount future interest and principal cash flows to arrive at a present value. For equity shares, the dividend capitalization approach discounts expected future dividends, while the earnings capitalization approach discounts future earnings. Growth must be considered for shares but not for debentures or preference shares that offer fixed cash flows.
Company analysis
Company analysis is a process carried out by investors to evaluate securities and collect information about a company's profile, products, services, and profitability. It considers the company's history and aims to derive an understanding of its strengths, risks, intrinsic value, and whether its stock should be purchased based on comparing intrinsic and market value. Key parts of company analysis include evaluating the company's competitive strategies within its industry and analyzing its basic financial statements like the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement as well as financial ratios such as EPS, P/E ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio. Company analysis is important for investors considering investing in a particular company.
Portfolio markowitz model
The document presents information on the Markowitz portfolio-optimization model. It discusses how the model provides tools for identifying portfolios that offer the highest returns for a given level of risk. It also notes that combining assets with low positive or negative correlations allows investors to reduce portfolio risk below the average risk of individual assets. The document then examines the security market line, efficient frontier, types of risk, and provides an example calculation of expected returns and risks for individual securities and a combined portfolio.
Financial services
Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry, such as banks, credit card companies, insurance companies, brokerages, and investment funds. There are two main types of financial services - fund or asset-based services, and fee-based services. Fund-based services involve raising funds through deposits, debt, or equity and investing those funds by lending or purchasing securities. These include services like leasing, housing finance, credit cards, venture capital, factoring, forfeiting, and bill discounting. Fee-based services involve earning income through fees, commissions, or brokerage on services like issue management, advisory, credit ratings, mutual funds, securitization, and stock broking.
Hire purchase
The document discusses the concept of hire purchase, which is a mode of financing where goods are leased on hire with the option for the lessee to purchase them by paying installments. Key points include: hire purchase involves periodic installment payments, immediate possession of goods by the buyer but ownership remaining with the seller until final payment; features like being based on a written agreement and ownership transferring after final payment; and rights and obligations of both the hirer and hire vendor. Differences between leasing and hire purchase are also outlined.
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AMFI is the apex body for asset management companies in India and is registered with SEBI. It aims to establish the mutual fund industry as professional and maintain high ethical standards to protect investors. AMFI conducts training and certification programs for intermediaries, prescribes a code of conduct for members, interacts regularly with SEBI on regulatory guidelines, represents the industry to government bodies, works with CRISIL to develop performance indices, conducts investor awareness programs nationwide, and performs ongoing research on the industry.
4 FINAL REPORT
This document provides an executive summary and introduction to a project conducting fundamental analysis of five banking companies in India over 45 days. The analysis included economic, industry, and company analysis to derive an intrinsic value for each stock and determine if it was overvalued or undervalued. Data was collected from annual reports and company websites and analyzed using techniques like CAMEL rating and intrinsic value calculation. The purpose was to forecast future stock prices and provide a basis for informed investment decisions.
fundamentalanalysisppt-130306035459-phpapp02.pdf
Fundamental analysis is a method used to determine the value of a stock by analyzing financial data and metrics. It involves examining economic, financial, and qualitative factors related to a security to determine its intrinsic value. Some tools of fundamental analysis include earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, dividend payout ratio, and price-to-book ratio. Fundamental analysis of a company evaluates factors like its business model, management, and financial statements to analyze the company's health and predict the movement of its stock price.
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Investors Protection
This document discusses common problems faced by investors and methods for redressal. It outlines objectives of investment like returns and risks. Common complaints by investors are listed against companies, brokers, and depository participants regarding issues like delayed transfers, non-payment of dividends, and high fees. Redressal methods are provided, including a new section in the Companies Act to protect small investors and punish non-compliance. The SEBI has also introduced a guide for investors. Problems can be reported to relevant authorities like SEBI, registrars, or stock exchanges depending on the issue and type of security. In conclusion, investor problems regarding shares can be resolved through different redressal cells.
Hire purchase agreement
Hire purchase is a financing method for goods where ownership passes to the buyer after they pay installments over a set period. A hire purchase agreement specifies that goods are leased with the option to purchase via installments, with ownership transferring after the final payment. It differs from a normal sale in that the seller retains ownership until full payment and can repossess the goods if installments are missed.
Valuation of Bonds and Shares
1. The document discusses methods for valuing different types of financial instruments including bonds, preference shares, and equity shares.
2. Various bond valuation methods are described including valuation based on maturity date, yield to maturity, current yield, and yield to call.
3. Preference shares are valued using the dividend discount model based on expected preference dividends and the cost of preference shares.
4. Equity shares are more difficult to value since dividends can fluctuate, and the document discusses dividend discount models and P/E ratios to estimate equity values.
Valuation of equity sahres
This document discusses methods for valuing equity shares based on capitalizing dividends and earnings. It describes dividend valuation models including no growth, constant growth, and supernormal growth cases. The constant growth model values shares based on infinite streams of dividends growing at a constant rate. The supernormal growth model accounts for high initial dividend growth transitioning to normal long-term growth.
Fundamental analysis
Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating securities that involves performing an analysis of the underlying company and industry. It examines factors like the overall economy, industry conditions, and the financial condition and management of companies to determine a company's intrinsic value. The analysis involves evaluating economic, industry, and company-specific factors to estimate future earnings and stock prices. Some key aspects of fundamental analysis include analyzing the economy, industry life cycles, and individual company financials and operations.
Other Financial Services-Leasing and Hire Purchase; Debt Securitization; Hous...
This document discusses leasing and related financial concepts. It begins by defining leasing as an agreement between two parties, a leasing company and user, for the temporary possession and use of an asset for a specified period in exchange for rental payments. It then covers essential elements of leasing agreements, types of leasing, steps in leasing transactions, advantages and limitations of leasing, contents of lease agreements, and the structure of the leasing industry in India.
Investors Protection-Grievances and their Redressal for B.Com, M.Com
Investors in India face high risks of fraud and unethical practices. To address grievances, measures have been established to protect investors, including grievance cells in stock exchanges, the SEBI, and Company Law Board. Common grievances are against companies for issues like delayed payments or transfers, and against brokers for delayed deliveries or payments. Investors can seek resolution through these organizations, courts, or by reporting issues to the press. The SEBI and stock exchanges work to resolve complaints, including suspending trading or transferring stocks of non-compliant companies. This aims to restore investor confidence in India's financial markets.
Portfolio management ppt
Portfolio management is a process that aims to optimize investment returns while reducing risk. It involves five phases: security analysis, portfolio analysis, portfolio selection, portfolio revision, and portfolio evaluation. The security analysis phase involves classifying and examining individual securities. Portfolio analysis identifies possible portfolio combinations and assesses their risks and returns. The optimal portfolio is then selected during the portfolio selection phase. Portfolio revision makes changes due to funds or risk adjustments. Finally, portfolio evaluation compares objectives and performance to improve the process.
Cost of capital
This document discusses the cost of capital. It defines cost of capital as the minimum rate of return that a firm must earn on its investments to maintain its value. Cost of capital has several components, including the return at zero risk, and premiums for business risk and financial risk. The document also discusses the different types of capital like debt, equity and retained earnings, and how to compute the cost of each. It explains weighted average cost of capital is calculated by weighting the costs of different sources of capital by their proportions.
Types of-shares
There are three main types of shares that can be issued by companies: equity shares, preference shares, and deferred shares. Equity shares do not have a fixed dividend rate and holders have voting rights. Preference shares have a fixed dividend rate and preferential rights to repayment of capital. There are various kinds of preference shares based on factors like cumulative/non-cumulative dividends and participation in profits. Deferred shares rank below equity and preference shares for dividend payments and repayment of capital.
behavioral finance:theories, issues and challenges
1. The document discusses recent trends in behavioural finance, including nudging policies like prize-linked savings accounts, mental accounting, cognitive biases, framing issues, anchoring, subconscious decision-making, and impact investing.
2. It also covers the risky shift effect, changes in sociological behavior, algorithmic trading, and the relationship between risk tolerance and risk perception.
3. Recent trends in behavioural finance examine how human psychology and social factors influence financial decision-making in areas like risk-taking, framing, memory biases, and subconscious preferences.
Efficient market hypothesis
This document summarizes the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) in three sentences:
The EMH states that market prices fully reflect all available public information and adjust instantly to new information. It has three forms - weak, semi-strong, and strong - with each form incorporating more types of information. Most research supports the weak and semi-strong forms, finding that historical data and public information are reflected in prices, but the strong form is not supported as non-public information can be used to earn excess returns.
Risk and return measurement
This document discusses the concepts of risk and return in investments. It defines risk as the uncertainty of expected returns, which can be caused by factors both related and unrelated to the investment. Systematic risk refers to uncertainty from broader market factors that affect all investments, while unsystematic risk is specific to a particular investment. Standard deviation and beta are introduced as quantitative measures of risk. Standard deviation measures how much returns vary from the average, while beta measures the volatility of a security compared to the overall market. The security market line equation is presented to demonstrate how beta is used to determine the required rate of return based on the risk-free rate and market risk premium.
valuation of securities
The document discusses various methods for valuing different types of securities. It covers the valuation of debentures, preference shares, and equity shares. For debentures and preference shares, the valuation models discount future interest and principal cash flows to arrive at a present value. For equity shares, the dividend capitalization approach discounts expected future dividends, while the earnings capitalization approach discounts future earnings. Growth must be considered for shares but not for debentures or preference shares that offer fixed cash flows.
Company analysis
Company analysis is a process carried out by investors to evaluate securities and collect information about a company's profile, products, services, and profitability. It considers the company's history and aims to derive an understanding of its strengths, risks, intrinsic value, and whether its stock should be purchased based on comparing intrinsic and market value. Key parts of company analysis include evaluating the company's competitive strategies within its industry and analyzing its basic financial statements like the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement as well as financial ratios such as EPS, P/E ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio. Company analysis is important for investors considering investing in a particular company.
Portfolio markowitz model
The document presents information on the Markowitz portfolio-optimization model. It discusses how the model provides tools for identifying portfolios that offer the highest returns for a given level of risk. It also notes that combining assets with low positive or negative correlations allows investors to reduce portfolio risk below the average risk of individual assets. The document then examines the security market line, efficient frontier, types of risk, and provides an example calculation of expected returns and risks for individual securities and a combined portfolio.
Financial services
Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry, such as banks, credit card companies, insurance companies, brokerages, and investment funds. There are two main types of financial services - fund or asset-based services, and fee-based services. Fund-based services involve raising funds through deposits, debt, or equity and investing those funds by lending or purchasing securities. These include services like leasing, housing finance, credit cards, venture capital, factoring, forfeiting, and bill discounting. Fee-based services involve earning income through fees, commissions, or brokerage on services like issue management, advisory, credit ratings, mutual funds, securitization, and stock broking.
Hire purchase
The document discusses the concept of hire purchase, which is a mode of financing where goods are leased on hire with the option for the lessee to purchase them by paying installments. Key points include: hire purchase involves periodic installment payments, immediate possession of goods by the buyer but ownership remaining with the seller until final payment; features like being based on a written agreement and ownership transferring after final payment; and rights and obligations of both the hirer and hire vendor. Differences between leasing and hire purchase are also outlined.
New Issue Market
The document discusses various aspects of new issue markets, including the meaning, functions, and methods of floating new issues. It describes the main functions of new issue markets as facilitating the transfer of resources from savers to users and mobilizing funds from savers to borrowers. The key methods of floating new issues discussed are public issues, rights issues, private placements, and preferential issues. It also covers various other topics related to new issue markets such as pricing of issues, offer documents, listing of securities, and participants in securities markets.
Role of AMFI.pptx
AMFI is the apex body for asset management companies in India and is registered with SEBI. It aims to establish the mutual fund industry as professional and maintain high ethical standards to protect investors. AMFI conducts training and certification programs for intermediaries, prescribes a code of conduct for members, interacts regularly with SEBI on regulatory guidelines, represents the industry to government bodies, works with CRISIL to develop performance indices, conducts investor awareness programs nationwide, and performs ongoing research on the industry.
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Investors Protection-Grievances and their Redressal for B.Com, M.Com
Investors Protection-Grievances and their Redressal for B.Com, M.Com
behavioral finance:theories, issues and challenges
behavioral finance:theories, issues and challenges
Similar to Fundamental analysis
4 FINAL REPORT
This document provides an executive summary and introduction to a project conducting fundamental analysis of five banking companies in India over 45 days. The analysis included economic, industry, and company analysis to derive an intrinsic value for each stock and determine if it was overvalued or undervalued. Data was collected from annual reports and company websites and analyzed using techniques like CAMEL rating and intrinsic value calculation. The purpose was to forecast future stock prices and provide a basis for informed investment decisions.
fundamentalanalysisppt-130306035459-phpapp02.pdf
Fundamental analysis is a method used to determine the value of a stock by analyzing financial data and metrics. It involves examining economic, financial, and qualitative factors related to a security to determine its intrinsic value. Some tools of fundamental analysis include earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, dividend payout ratio, and price-to-book ratio. Fundamental analysis of a company evaluates factors like its business model, management, and financial statements to analyze the company's health and predict the movement of its stock price.
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS -2
Fundamental analysis attempts to predict a security's intrinsic value by analyzing factors like the economy, industry, and company. This document discusses economic analysis, which is one part of fundamental analysis. It involves studying macroeconomic factors like GDP, fiscal policy, monetary policy, saving rates, trade deficits, and exchange rates to understand how changes in the economy could impact companies and stock prices. Understanding economic analysis provides valuable insight into future business performance and the direction of capital markets.
sapm (2).pptx
Fundamental analysis attempts to predict a security's intrinsic value by analyzing external factors that influence a company. This document discusses economic analysis, which is one part of fundamental analysis. Economic analysis studies macroeconomic factors like GDP, fiscal policy, monetary policy, trade balances, and exchange rates to understand their impact on companies and market prices. A strong economy with growing GDP, supportive fiscal/monetary policies, and stable currency rates is generally beneficial for companies and stock prices.
Fundamental analysis
Fundamental analysis is a logical and systematic approach to evaluating securities by examining related economic, financial, and other qualitative and quantitative factors. It involves analyzing macroeconomic factors like GDP growth, as well as industry conditions and company-specific factors to estimate a security's intrinsic value and forecast future performance. The goal is to identify securities that are underpriced (presenting opportunities) or overpriced (presenting risks). Fundamental analysis uses various techniques including demand-supply analysis, price elasticity, balance sheets, and regression analysis to value assets and predict price movements.
sapm.pptx
Fundamental analysis attempts to predict the intrinsic value of an investment by studying factors that can affect its price, including the economy, industry, and company. An investor uses fundamental analysis to find securities priced below their estimated intrinsic value by analyzing the economy, including GDP, fiscal and monetary policy, saving and trade rates, and exchange rates. This analysis helps understand how economic conditions could impact industries and companies.
Fundamental analysis ppt
Fundamental analysis involves analyzing a company's financial statements, management, competitive advantages, and markets to determine the intrinsic value of its stock. It focuses on factors like earnings, production, management, and the overall economy for futures and forex. The key aspects of fundamental analysis include examining economic, financial, qualitative and quantitative factors of a company and its industry to predict stock price movements and evaluate business performance and management. Some tools used are earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, dividend yield, and analysis of statements like the balance sheet and income statement.
Sapm
This document discusses fundamental analysis, which examines economic, industry, and company factors to evaluate a security's intrinsic value and determine if it is under or overpriced. It describes the three phases of fundamental analysis as evaluating the macroeconomic environment, industry prospects, and a company's projected performance. The goals are to predict market movements, identify undervalued securities, and time investments correctly based on a thorough understanding of economic trends, industry drivers, and business fundamentals. Strengths of fundamental analysis include analyzing long-term trends, spotting good value, developing business acumen, understanding key value drivers, and properly categorizing stocks within their industry groups.
framework of fundamental analysis by SAI I P M PPT.pptx
Fundamental analysis evaluates a company's stock by analyzing its financial data and other relevant factors. It consists of three main components: economic analysis, industry analysis, and company analysis. Economic analysis involves factors impacting the overall economy. Industry analysis examines the specific industry and identifies opportunities and risks. Company analysis is the most time-consuming but important, providing an understanding of the company's financial health and competitive position to make informed investment decisions.
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This document provides an overview of fundamental analysis basics. It discusses that the objective of fundamental analysis is to find a stock's intrinsic value by assessing tangible and intangible factors rather than just current market value. It also aims to determine the true value of stocks so investors can identify if a stock is overpriced or underpriced. The document outlines how fundamental analysis involves analyzing the economy, industry and companies. Key factors are identified for each level of analysis. Tools like SWOT analysis and Porter's 5 forces model are also referenced. Finally, the roles of fundamental analysis in areas like predicting prices and determining fair value are highlighted.
Fundamental Analysis including Economy, Industry Company Analysis
This document discusses fundamental analysis, which is a method used to measure the intrinsic value of a stock or security based on economic factors affecting the business and its financials. There are two types of fundamental analysis: qualitative analysis, which involves non-numerical factors like brand and management; and quantitative analysis, which analyzes numerical financial statement data. Fundamental analysis consists of economic, industry, and company analysis. Economic analysis examines macroeconomic factors that could impact a company's performance, while industry and company analysis look at microeconomic factors specific to the firm. The goal of fundamental analysis is to identify stocks that are undervalued by comparing the intrinsic value to the market price.
Fudamental analysis
Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating securities by examining related economic, financial, and political factors to measure a security's intrinsic value. Key factors analyzed include the company's earnings growth rate, risk exposure, and the economic environment and industry it operates in. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing the macroeconomic environment, industry characteristics, and individual company metrics like financial performance, management, and competitive position. The goal is to understand these factors' impact on investment returns and stock prices.
Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics
Managerial economics applies microeconomic theory to solve practical business problems. It helps managers make optimal decisions regarding pricing, production, costs, profits, and resource allocation. A managerial economist studies both macroeconomic trends and a firm's internal environment to advise on issues like investment, pricing, market analysis, and policy impacts. Their goal is to help businesses operate efficiently and maximize profits within the economic conditions.
Module 2 - Fundamental and Technical Analysis.pptx
This document discusses fundamental analysis for investment purposes. It defines fundamental analysis as evaluating a security's intrinsic value based on external factors that could influence future price. The document outlines factors to consider in fundamental analysis including quantitative company financials, qualitative company/industry attributes, and macroeconomic, industry, and company specifics. It also describes different types of fundamental analysis and tools used for economic analysis in fundamental evaluation.
Introduction.pdf
The document provides an overview of the field of finance. It discusses how finance fits within organizations, with the chief financial officer overseeing accounting, treasury, and other financial departments. The three main questions of corporate finance are then outlined as investment, financing, and liquidity. Key financial management decisions involve capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management. The goals of financial management are also presented as maximizing shareholder wealth, share price, and firm value. Determinants of stock prices and intrinsic value are further explained.
Fundamental analysis
- Fundamental analysis is the evaluation of a company or asset based on its financial statements and overall economic factors to determine its intrinsic value. It involves examining historical and present data along with financial forecasts to estimate future performance.
- There are two main types of fundamental analysis: macro analysis, which looks at broader economic and industry factors, and micro analysis, which analyzes individual companies and stocks.
- The fundamental analysis process typically involves a top-down approach starting with macro analysis of the overall economy and industry, then micro analysis of specific companies within industries. The goal is to identify underpriced or overpriced stocks based on their estimated intrinsic value.
Equity Research Methodology
Equity Research primarily means analyzing company's financials, perform ratio analysis, forecast the financial in excel (financial modeling) and explore scenarios with an objective of making BUY/SELL stock investment recommendation.
The need for and importance of financial analysis and control for company val...
This document discusses the need for and importance of financial analysis and control for company valuation. It defines financial analysis and control, and outlines the different types of financial analysis including fundamental analysis and technical analysis. It describes how financial analysis is used to assess company performance, make investment decisions, and analyze future performance. The purpose of financial analysis and control is to evaluate a company's financial health and value for potential investors or business owners. Key aspects like financial statements, ratios, trends and projections are analyzed to gauge a business's stability and forecast its potential.
Effect of Dividend Policy on Value Creation for Shareholders of Companies Lis...
Several theories have been documented on the relevance and irrelevance of dividend policy. Many
authors continue to come up with different findings from their studies on the relevance of dividend policy. A
company’s management is dealing with competing interests of various shareholders, the kind of dividend policy
they adopt may have either positive or negative effects on the share prices of the company. The effect of a firm’s
dividend policy on the current price of its shares is a matter of considerable importance, not only to
management, who must set the policy, but also to investors planning portfolios and to economists seeking to
understand and appraise the functioning of the capital market. It is on this basis that the study sought to
establish the effect of dividend policy on value creation for shareholders of companies listed in the Nairobi
Securities Exchange. The objectives of the study were to establish the effect of dividend announcement on value
creation for shareholders of companies listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, to establish the effect of dividend
payout on value creation for shareholders of companies listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, to determine how
tax incentives influence value creation for shareholders of companies listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange and
to identify how free cash flows influence value creation for shareholders of companies listed in theNairobi
Securities Exchange. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the Finance Managers of the public
companies. The data wasanalysed using Regression Analysis, and descriptive statistics through the use of SPSS.
The findings indicated that all the variables contributed positively to value creation of shareholders of
companies listed in the NSE
SAPM Presentation.pptx
Fundamental analysis measures a security's intrinsic value by examining related economic and financial factors to determine a company's true value. There are three types of fundamental analysis: economic analysis, which evaluates the costs and benefits of economic conditions and factors in a country; industrial analysis, which examines the industry a company operates in; and company analysis, which looks at the company's financial statements and management. Economic analysis considers macroeconomic metrics like GDP, inflation, interest rates, and tax structure to evaluate investment opportunities.
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framework of fundamental analysis by SAI I P M PPT.pptx
framework of fundamental analysis by SAI I P M PPT.pptx
Fundamental Analysis including Economy, Industry Company Analysis
Fundamental Analysis including Economy, Industry Company Analysis
Module 2 - Fundamental and Technical Analysis.pptx
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The need for and importance of financial analysis and control for company val...
The need for and importance of financial analysis and control for company val...
Effect of Dividend Policy on Value Creation for Shareholders of Companies Lis...
Effect of Dividend Policy on Value Creation for Shareholders of Companies Lis...
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Introduction to Cost Accounting
This document provides an overview of cost and management accounting. It defines cost accounting as classifying, accumulating, assigning, and controlling costs. The objectives of cost accounting are to analyze expenditures, develop cost standards, indicate inefficiencies, provide data for financial reports, reveal sources of economies, provide actual cost figures, and more. Cost accounting aids management, creditors, employees, and the national economy. Its scope includes cost ascertainment, cost control, proper cost-revenue matching, and aiding management decisions. Cost accounting differs from financial accounting and management accounting in its objectives, nature, flexibility, precision, and other factors. The document also outlines advantages like assisting management and reducing costs, and disadvantages like only recording past performance and requiring expertise
Investment
The document discusses different types of investment including economic investment which refers to additions to a country's capital stock, business investment which refers to money put into a private business, and financial investment which involves committing money to assets with the goal of earning returns over time. It notes some key considerations for investment including potential income, capital appreciation in a conservative, aggressive, or speculative manner, forms of return such as cash receipts or capital gains, risk, safety and security of funds, liquidity, and tax implications. The document also provides a diagram showing categories of domestic and global investment such as real assets, securities, deposits, insurance, and various types of cross-border investment instruments.
Major stock exchanges in india
The document discusses various stock exchanges in India including the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). It states that BSE, located in Mumbai, is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and 10th largest in the world by market capitalization. NSE is the largest stock exchange in India by daily turnover and trades. Both BSE and NSE account for the majority of equity trading in India, though NSE typically has twice the trading volume of BSE.
Accounting Introduction
Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions and events to provide useful information to various stakeholders. It involves recording transactions in a meaningful manner in terms of money and interpreting the results. Accounting provides important financial information to owners, potential investors, creditors, employees, the public, researchers, and the government for purposes such as assessing business performance, making investment decisions, determining creditworthiness, evaluating ability to pay wages, and assessing taxes.
Financial accounting concepts
This document discusses key accounting concepts and conventions. It describes the business entity, money measurement, going concern, accounting period, cost, matching, dual aspect, realization, conservatism, full disclosure, consistency, and materiality concepts. These concepts provide the basic assumptions and guidelines for preparing financial statements according to standard accounting principles.
Performance of contract
The document discusses various aspects of delivery of goods in a contract of sale. It defines delivery as the voluntary transfer of possession from the seller to the buyer. Delivery can take place through actual transfer of goods, symbolic acts like handing over warehouse keys, or constructive delivery where the seller continues holding goods as the buyer's agent. The buyer is responsible for examining goods and must notify the seller to reject any non-conforming goods. The seller and buyer's duties regarding delivery, payment, acceptance, and rejection of goods are also outlined.
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Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.一比一原版(UCSB毕业证)圣芭芭拉分校毕业证如何办理
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OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.Who Is Abhay Bhutada, MD of Poonawalla Fincorp
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
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Fundamental analysis
- 1. Presented by Ms. Gagandeep Kaur Assistant Professor, Commerce
- 2. Fundamental Analysis “Fundamental Analysis is method of finding out the future price of a stock which an investor wishes to buy.”
- 3. Objectives of Fundamental Analysis To identify the under priced and overpriced securities To view investments as long term decisions. To beat the market.
- 4. Fundamental Analysis Framework Top down Approach (EIC) Bottom up Approach (CIE)
- 5. Economics Analysis To determine the investment strategy. Economic analysis involves study of economic trends in the company. To study economic policies To study relationship between economic trend and economic policies
- 6. Economics Analysis Factors Inflation Rate Government Policy Political Conditions GDP Population Natural Resources BOP
- 7. Industrial Analysis Purpose of industry analysis is to seek industries that are expected to grow faster than the real rate of GNP.
- 8. Company Analysis “Company analysis is a method of assessing the competitive position of a firm, its earning and profitability, the efficiency with which it operates, its financial position and its future aspects with respect to the earnings of its shareholders.”