Commercial banks primarily accept deposits and provide loans to customers. They play an important role in a country's economy by fulfilling short and mid-term financial needs of industries. Commercial banks' functions include accepting savings, fixed, and current deposits, providing secured and unsecured loans, and engaging in credit creation by extending lines of credit. Secondary functions are providing locker facilities, dealing in foreign exchange, exchanging securities, and discounting bills of exchange.
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The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) was enacted by the Parliament of India to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit. In this presentation Indian international history behind introducing FRBM Act in India and western countries and some of provisions of Indian FRBM Act has been analysed.
savings bank account services by karnataka bankAprameya joshi
the document starts with introduction to financial services then goes with comercial banks and then speaks about the profile of karnataka bank and savings bank account services of karnataka bank
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget ManagementParas Savla
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) was enacted by the Parliament of India to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit. In this presentation Indian international history behind introducing FRBM Act in India and western countries and some of provisions of Indian FRBM Act has been analysed.
savings bank account services by karnataka bankAprameya joshi
the document starts with introduction to financial services then goes with comercial banks and then speaks about the profile of karnataka bank and savings bank account services of karnataka bank
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
5. Commercial banks are profit-based institutions that
offer financial products like loans, as well as services
like deposit, electronic transfer of funds, etc. to their
customers. Commercial banks have a significant role in a
country’s economy as these organisations fulfil the short
and mid-term financial requirements of industries.
6. Functions of commercial banks are primarily based
on a business model of accepting public deposits and
utilising that fund for various investment purposes.
Such functions can be classified into two categories,
primary and secondary functions.
7. Functions of Commercial Bank
Following is a brief overview of both primary and secondary
functions undertaken by a commercial bank
Primary Functions
1. Accepting Deposits – Commercial banks accept deposits from their
customers in the form of saving, fixed, and current deposits.
Savings Deposits – Savings deposits allow a customer to
credit funds towards their accounts for up to a certain limit. These
deposits are preferred by individuals with a fixed income, utilised to
create savings over time.
8. Fixed Deposits – Fixed deposits come with a
predetermined lock-in period. Fixed deposits are also
referred to as time deposits as the funds are deposited for
a specific time frame.
Current Deposits – Current deposits allow account
holders to deposit and withdraw money whenever
necessary. In some cases, current accounts also offer
overdrafts until a pre-specified limit to individuals and
businesses.
9. 2. Providing Loans – One of the main functions of
commercial banks is providing credit to organisations
and individuals, and profit from the earned interest.
Usually, banks retain a small reserve for their expenses
while offering the remaining amount to customers as
various types of short and long-term credits.
Commercial banks provide both secured and unsecured
loans, categories are-
10. Cash Credit – Commercial Banks and its Functions
include extending advances to individuals and
organisations against bonds, inventories, and other types
of securities. This facility, commonly known as cash
credit, provides a more substantial sum when compared
to other forms of credits.
Short-Term Credits – Short-term loans are usually
pledged without any security, offering a smaller loan
amount and repayment tenor. These are also referred to as
personal loans.
11. 3. Credit Creation – A unique function of
commercial banks is credit creation. Instead of
offering liquid cash, banks create a line of credit and
transfer the loan to a business or commercial body all
at once.
Secondary Functions
The following can be considered as the secondary
functions of commercial banks –
12. 1. Providing locker Facilities – Commercial banks provide
locker facilities to customers who want to store valuables
safely. Locker facilities eliminate the impending risk of theft
or loss, which prevail when kept at home.
2. Dealing in Foreign Exchange – Commercial banks help
provide foreign exchange to individuals and organisations
which export or import goods from overseas. However, only
certain banks which have the licence to deal in foreign
exchange are eligible for such transactions.
13. 3. Exchange of Securities – Another function of commercial
banks is to trade in bonds and securities. Customers can
purchase or sell the units from the financial institution itself,
which offers more convenience than alternate approaches.
4. Discounting Bills of Exchange – The main function of a
commercial bank in today’s date is to discount bills of
businesses. Bill discounting is considered as a profitable
investment for banks. Bills create a steady flow of funds,
while not becoming a risky venture during payment as it is
considered as a negotiable instrument. These also do not
involve the financial institution in any litigation.
14. 5. Bank as an Agent – Commercial Bank and its Function also
requires them to provide finance-related services to customers,
fulfilling the role of an agent. These services usually include –
Acting as an administrator, trustee, or executor of a customer-
owned estate.
Assisting customers with tax returns, tax refunds, and other similar
tasks.
Serving as a platform to pay premiums, repay loan instalments, etc.
Offering a platform for electronic transaction of funds, processing
of cheques, drafts, bills, etc.
15. Examples for Functions of Commercial Banks?
The primary function of a commercial bank is to
accept deposits from customers and provide line of
credits to prospective borrowers. However, there are
several other functions that a commercial bank can
undertake. These include –
16. Credit creation.
Investment of funds.
Discounting bills of exchange.
Offering overdraft facilities.
Agency functions.
Offering the locker facility.
Dealing in foreign exchange.
Exchanging securities.
These include both the primary and secondary functions
of commercial banks.
